This study investigated the impact of integrating digital technologies through a hybrid teaching model on the motor performance of fourth-grade pupils during physical education classes. The research was conducted on a sample of 30 pupils from the Technological High School, Marginea, divided into an experimental and a control group. The intervention lasted seven weeks with two lessons per week. The experimental group followed a hybrid instructional approach based on video support, digital materials, visual guidance, and individualized feedback, while the control group was taught through traditional methods. Motor performance was assessed through speed, agility, explosive strength, endurance, and coordination tests. The results showed improvements in both groups, with significant intragroup progress in most variables. No statistically significant differences were identified between groups in the overall evolution of motor performance. The findings suggest that hybrid instruction is effective, but not clearly superior to traditional teaching under theconditions of this study.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of an 8-week plyometric training program on long jump performance with run-up in junior athletes practicing athletics, aged between 14 and 16 years. A total of 38 participants took part in the study, divided into a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group performed plyometric exercises twice per week, in addition to regular training. Performance was assessed before and after the intervention. The results showed an average performance increase of 15.0 cm in the experimental group, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001), compared with an increase of 1.7 cm in the control group. The effect size was very large (Cohen’s d = 2.17). The findings confirm the effectiveness of plyometric training in improving long jump performance in junior athletes.
The rapid evolution of international performances and methodological transformations in sports science require reconsidering traditional training models, predominantly oriented towards the development of aerobic capacity, adapted to the current requirements of the competition. This paper analyzes the theoretical and applicative foundations of an innovative methodological model, intended for junior swimmers specializing in 200 and 400 m events, based on the harmonization of mixed metabolic training, with respiratory muscle training and modern sports recovery strategies. The analysis of the specialized literature highlights the determining role of VO₂max, anaerobic threshold, lactate tolerance, ventilatory efficiency and post-exertional recovery, in optimizing sports performance. The absence of unitary experimental models that integrate these components into a coherent training strategy for junior middle-distance swimmers is identified. Therefore, this paper proposes an interdisciplinary perspective on contemporary swimming training, which is oriented towards the development of superior metabolic adaptations, increasing functional efficiency and the sports recovery process.
Heart rate variability (HRV) is increasingly used to monitor recovery and training adaptation in endurance sports, but long-term evidence in orienteering is limited. This 5-year longitudinal case study examined the interaction among rolling-window HRV, internal training load and split-based performance consistency in an elite male orienteer progressing from junior to senior international level. Daily morning HRV was recorded in the supine position and analysed with Kubios HRV using 7-day rolling windows. Internal load was quantified with TRIMP and related heart-rate metrics, while performance was evaluated through official results and split-time indicators from national and international competitions. Over time, rolling lnRMSSD increased, resting heart rate and Stress Index decreased, and TRIMP distribution became more economical. Split-based metrics showed fewer major navigation errors and greater execution consistency. Integrating HRV, internal load and split analysis offers a practical framework for monitoring elite orienteering performance.
Muscular asymmetries and body composition are key factors influencing performance and injury risk in high-level athletes, particularly in sports requiring unilateral and explosive movements such as handball. The present study aimed to investigate inter-limb muscular asymmetries and the relationships between segmental muscle mass in elite handball players. Eighteen male athletes (aged 17–25 years) were assessed for segmental muscle mass of the upper and lower limbs using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results indicated no statistically significant differences between the upper limbs, whereas a significant difference was observed between the lower limbs, suggesting the presence of asymmetry at the lower extremities in this cohort. Regression analyses revealed strong positive associations between lower and upper limb muscle mass. In conclusion, segmental muscle mass in one limb may serve as a valid proxy for overall muscularity and should be considered when evaluating asymmetry profiles or designing individualized strength programs in elite handball athletes.
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of a structured recreational program based on traditional games on developing coordinative abilities in children aged 6–10 from southeastern Algeria. Using a pre/post-test experimental design, 70 children were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group took part in a traditional sports program, while the control group underwent conventional physical education practices. Analysis demonstrated statistically significant improvements on all tested abilities - balance walking (F(1) = 79.842, p < 0.001), reaction speed (F(1) = 204.479, p < 0.001), motor coordination (F(1) = 77.560 p < 0.001), agility (F(1) = 37.114, p < 0.001) in the experimental group with large effect sizes for all variables assessed. ANCOVA suggested a significant group superiority for the experimental group. The results advocate for the inclusion of traditional games in primary school physical education curricula as an evidence-based approach to development.
The aim of this study was to identify specialists’ opinions regarding the role of swimming in the development of morphofunctional capacity in young adults aged between 25 and 30 years. The research had a descriptive-observational design and was conducted using a questionnaire-based survey. A total of 101 specialists in the field of physical education and sport participated in the study. The research instrument included nine closed-ended items addressing the perceived effects of swimming on physiological systems, aerobic capacity,recovery processes, psychological benefits, muscular development, and motivational factors. The results indicated a high level of consensus, with swimming being considered a highly effective means of improving morphofunctional capacity, reducing stress, and promoting balanced physical development. The conclusions highlight the importance of swimming as a complex physical activity with significant health benefits.
The aim of this research is to improve the level of technical skills of U13 football athletes. A number of 30 players were selected, divided in two groups: experimental group (n=15) and control group (n=15), both components of a football academy. The applied programconsisted of six specific technical exercises: juggling, dribbling, long passes, hitting the goal, hitting the ball with the head, precision of passes. The evaluation test applied initially and finally consisted of the estimation of time or the awarding of points for the executions. The total research time was 42 weeks, 4/5 time a week (36h). The results showed improvement in experimental group in all samples (p<0.05- p<0.0001) compared to the control group, which did not progress in half of the samples. In conclusion, the program applied to the experimental group proved effective and improved the technical parameters followed in the research.
In this study, the issue of the dependence of work capacity on the individual differences of gymnasts during the pre-competitive training period was investigated. These characteristics aimed to determine their impact, dependence, and interaction on the work capacity of gymnasts, who are characterized by complex individual and personal properties. The personal and individual properties of 17 elite gymnasts were tested according to a unified psychodiagnostic methodology during a two-month pre-competitive period. Work capacity was assessed by absolute values (total number of elements, number of elements with increased difficulty, artistic compositions and number of executions for one minute). Based on the psycho-diagnostic examinations, indicators that characterize the personal differences of the gymnasts and that can directly affect the work capacity were obtained. In the complex, they had a positive impact on the volume and intensity indicators of the training efforts, which directly characterized the working capacity of the athletes.
The evaluation of students' motor skills is a fundamental aspect of the physical education process, significantly contributing to the development of motor and psychomotor qualities. This study examines the impact of an experimental program utilizing badminton-specific means on the motor skills of middle school students. Hypothesis: It is hypothesized that the use of badminton-specific methods will positively influence students' motor performance. Objectives of the study were: to assess the initial level of students' motor skills, implement an experimental program based on badminton for the experimental group, and compare the motor results of the experimental group with those of the control group. Students in the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in strength, speed, coordination, and endurance, as evidenced by enhanced performance in all four motor tests evaluated. Theimplementation of badminton-specific means proved effective not only in developing motor skills but also in increasing students' motivation towards physical activities.
The aim of this study was to optimize sports performance after a 6-week training program, based on skill development in U20 junior players, in the pre-competitive period. The hypothesis of the study started from the idea that the application of a program based on thedevelopment of physical skills, in accordance with the demands of the volleyball game, will lead to an improvement in the parameters of the indices of physical skills, which will also lead to an increase in efficiency in the game. Based on what emerged from our study, we can say that a conditioning program based on the development of skills, in the precompetitive period, led to the development of speed and agility, an important factor in the development of power, specific to the game of volleyball and which led to increasing efficiency in attack and jump blocking.
The current study analyzed the This usually involves continuous individual modeling and analysis of morphological parameters and body composition of the male Ski biathlete (A.V), a member of Ski Club "Romanija" Pale, and the Junior BIH national team. The goal of the work was to analyze and determine the characteristics of the morphological model and the competitors' body structure. For the purposes of the study, 39 parameters were measured, which defined the space of morphological dimensions, Kettle Index (g/cm), and Relative body height and body mass index, and Body Composition. The analysis of the results showed that the model characteristics of morphological parameters and body composition of our subject are in the range of very good biathletes. The obtained results confirmed the presence of the ectomorphic - mesomorphic somatotype, which creates optimal prerequisites for an individual approach to the training process and achieving a differentiated impact when improving the technique of biathlete skiers.
This study investigates the impact of an educational program for sports and recreational activities on the personal and social adaptation of adolescent students (ages 13–16) in Algerian middle schools. Utilising an experimental design, 20 pupils from Al-Salam Middle School in Chlef were assigned to an experimental group, participating in structured physical activities, and a control group, following the standard curriculum. The findings demonstrated significant improvements in motor skills, encompassing balance, speed, and coordination in the experimental group. Moreover, positive trends were observed in selfreliance, self-esteem, and social adaptation, highlighting the psychological benefits of participation in organised sports. Despite not all upgrades achieving statistical significance, the results emphasise the importance of integrating recreational sports into school curricula to foster holistic development in children. Future study should explore long-term therapy utilising larger sample sizes to validate these findings.
Aim of our paper is to identify the biometric potential of students, aware of the link between the inherited biomotor potential of the research subjects and their motor learning capacity. The design of paper show as extracurricular activities with exercises focused on developing coordinative capacity was selected and adjusted in full accordance with the age and training characteristics of the students and the specifics of the sport. The comparative analysis reveals significant differences between the six specific parameters of kayaking included in the experimental evaluation, showing a notable differentiation trend between the initial and final tests, significance level (0.001). We attribute this to our proposed experimental approach. In conclusion, it is crucial to understand the "natural or acquired heritage" of the "biomotor potential" to subsequently set the objectives and content of the training process.
This study aims to analyze the effects of spinning on menopausal women suffering from metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome, characterized by a combination of conditions such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, excess abdominal fat, and abnormal cholesterol levels, is exacerbated by the hormonal and physiological changes associated with menopause. The study seeks to determine whether a structured and consistent spinning program can provide significant benefits in managing metabolic syndrome in menopausal women, thereby contributing to improved quality of life and reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes Research Objectives: Assess changes in functional and metabolic parameters; Evaluate body composition modifications; Identify the impact on cardiovascular health. Two groups of 10 participants each, aged between 50 and 60, will take part in a three-month spinning program. The training will consist of 50-minute sessions, twice per week. Participants will undergo initial and final evaluations of metabolic and cardiovascular parameters.
The study assessed the maximal and relative force manifesting (depending of forearm mass and circumference) of arm muscles (of dominant and subdominant arm) by two-angle testing: protocol test 1 - 90˚ (PT1) and protocol test 2 - 180˚ (PT2). The study included 25recreational male athletes, aged 25-26 whose dominant arm was right arm. Through application of the dependent t-test, a statistically significant difference was confirmed in the variables of maximal force, protocol test 1 (PT1) - dominant (right) and subdominant (left)hand (p=0.02) favouring the right dominant hand. Relative force, protocol test 1(PT1) - right and left hand with regard to mass (p=0.02) favouring the right hand. Relative force, right and left hand with regard to the forearm circumference, protocol test (p=0.02), favouring the dominant right arm. In conclusion, is a difference in left and right arm force manifesting in male recreational athletes, but also that body mass and forearm circumference significantly affect force manifested, at the elbow joint angle of 90˚ (PT1).
This study examines gender composition and cultural perceptions of sports among schoolaged children from urban and rural areas. The objective is to examine how students perceive sports participation, identify sports with a dominant gender presence, and assess whether some sports are viewed as suitable for one gender or both. The sample includes 468 sixthgrade students, divided by location into urban (77.45%) and rural (22.55%) groups. Data were collected using a modified questionnaire on gender classification across 30 sports and analyzed using non-parametric statistics. Results indicate that most children perceive sports as gender-neutral, with 66.7% of girls and 56.7% of boys sharing this view. Overall, 61.7% of participants consider sports equally suitable for both genders. These findings suggest a shift toward gender neutrality in sports participation while highlighting the persistence of traditional stereotypes, especially among boys, underscoring the need to challenge these perceptions to promote equality.
This study investigates the effects of a 10-week CrossFit training program on the physical fitness of sambo athletes, focusing on strength, endurance, agility, and reaction speed. Twentyone athletes, aged 18-24, were divided into two groups: a control group continuing their traditional training and an experimental group completing CrossFit three times a week. Both groups underwent 8 performance tests assessing general and special fitness, strength, endurance, and agility, before and after the intervention. Statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) were observed in three out of eight tests for the experimental group, specifically in abdominal strength (p<0.05), general fitness (p<0.02), and grip strength (p<0.04). While the experimental group showed positive trends, the overall impact was partial, with only three tests showing significant improvement. These results suggest that extending the training program to 6-8 months could lead to more substantial gains in physical performance.
Low back pain is a worldwide problem affecting quality of life and is one of the most common reasons for seeking medical consultations. This study aimed to compare the effects of Mulligan traction straight leg raise and slump stretching on pain, disability, and hip range of motion in patients with chronic low back pain and hamstring tightness. Forty-eight patients with chronic low back pain and hamstring tightness were randomly divided into two groups, Group A: Mulligan Straight Leg Raise Technique and Group B: Slump Stretching. The outcome measures included pain, disability, and hip range of motion, measured using the Visual Analogue Scale, Oswestry Disability Index, and Goniometer. Data were collected at baseline, in 4th week, and in the 8th week. The results of the current study indicated thatSlump stretching is more effective in treating patients with chronic low back pain and hamstring tightness as compared to the Mulligan SLR technique with a P value <0.001. Slump stretching may be a better technique compared to Mulligan SLR to improve pain, Hip ROM, and disability in patients with chronic low back pain with hamstring tightness.
The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of plyometrics on the development of explosive strength in the lower limb muscles of 7th-grade students (13-14 years old). Two classes were selected for the study: one experimental group with 24 students (8 female and 16 male) and one control group with 24 students (12 female and 12 male). A plyometrics program was implemented for 12 weeks. From the initial test to final test, both groups showed improvements to all tests applied, except for the drop jump test for the control group. Analysis of data between the groups shows improvement in favor of experimental group to the 10m and 20m sprint tests, standing long jump, counter-movement jump and drop jump. In conclusion, the implementation of the program significantly influenced the development of explosive strength.
