Reproduction is one of the most important factors limiting dairy cattle production. Early resumption of ovarian cyclicity postpartum is important to helps cows to conceive early in this critical period. This study aimed to investigate the profiles of resumption of ovarian cyclicity postpartum in Montbeliarde dairy cows under semi-arid environment .Milk samples taken thrice weekly from 30 to 60 days postpartum and progesterone concentrations in skim milk were determined by Chimiluminescent Immuno Assay. Onset of luteal activity (OLA) was defined as the first day milk progesterone concentration ≥ 1 ng.mL-1for two successive measurements. Progesterone profile were classified as: Normal cyclicity; 52.3 % (n = 68/130) and delayed resumption (delayed first ovulation) 47.7 % (n = 62/130). The body condition score (BCS) of cows, class pf parity, calving season and class of conception rate are factors of variation that affect (p<0,000) the profiles of postpartum resumption ovarian activity.
The crop of Phaseolus vulgaris L. is one of the main sources of income for small-scale farmers in Ecuador. However, yields are affected by diseases such as common bean wilt, caused by the fungus Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Therefore, sustainable biocontrol alternatives are being sought to reduce the use of fungicides. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Bacillus sp. on the mycelial growth of Sclerotium rolfsii under in vitro conditions in the Molecular Biology Laboratory of ESPAM MFL. Thirty-five isolates of Bacillus sp. were used in dual culture with S. rolfsii. The percentage of mycelial growth inhibition was evaluated at 24, 48, and 72 hours. The Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test was used to detect differences between treatments, and Dunn's post-hoc tests (p<0.05) with Bonferroni correction were performed. When comparing the inhibition capacity of Bacillus sp., the best treatments were ECA-83, ECA-58, and ECA-106, with inhibition percentages greater than 83 %, followed by ECA-45, ECA-56, and ECA-90, which inhibit the growth of S. rolfsii with median inhibition rates greater than 67 % at 72 hours of incubation. These treatments have good potential for controlling the growth of S. rolfsii, thus promoting the development of sustainable agriculture in Ecuador.
This study analyzed the morphological traits of the 2utica olive variety, assessing its variability through statistical methods. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified the first three components as having the greatest influence on the grouping of 2utica clones. Fruit and endocarp length, width, and weight, as well as pulp weight, were associated with PC1, while the shape index of both fruit and endocarp was linked to PC2. PC3 included the leaf shape index, internode length, pulp percentage, and the pulp/endocarp ratio. Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) showed that the twentythree olive clones formed two distinct clusters, with five clones remaining independent. These findings highlight the morphological diversity of Montenegro's oldest olive variety and contribute valuable insights for the preservation and characterization of this important genetic resource.
Maize is a high-demand staple crop valued for both its nutritional and phytochemical qualities, yet it is deficient in Zn. Nanobiofortification is a promising strategy to increase Zn content. A completely randomized block experiment was conducted in Venecia, Durango, M & eacute;xico (25 degrees 46 ' 56 '' N, 103 degrees 21 ' 02 '' W) to evaluate five zinc oxide nanoparticle treatments (control; T1: 100 mg.L-1; T2: 200 mg.L-1; T3: 300 mg.L-1; T4: 400 mg.L-1) and their effects on the nutritional, agronomic, and phytochemical quality of maize grain. No significant differences were observed in ear diameter, row number, grains per row, or ear mass, whereas ear length and 1,000 grain mass differed significantly. Overall, T1 showed the highest morphometric values, while enzymatic activity increased significantly in biofortified grains. Proximate analysis showed that T3 and T4 had higher ash, neutral detergent fiber, and fat contents than the control. Nanoparticle treatments also increased flavonoid and phenol contents, antioxidant capacity, and enzymatic activity. Zn concentration in T4 grains was 26 % higher than in the control. These findings indicate that ZnO nanoparticles enhance the phytochemical and nutritional quality of maize grains and represent an effective biofortification strategy, although agronomic quality was not consistently improved.
Livestock farming in Mexico faces challenges related to seasonal climate variations, specifically drought periods that cause forage shortages; consequently, haymaking has emerged as a potential solution. However, not all producers adopt this practice. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the factors explaining the adoption of hay as forage in cattle production units in northern Veracruz. The statistical analysis employed a Logit model in which the dependent variable took a value of 1 (for the use of hay) or 0 (for non-use). Data were gathered through a survey of 240 producers in the Veracruz Huasteca region. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS 9.4 software. The results showed that only 32.9 % of producers in the region adopted the haymaking strategy, while the remainder relied on grazing. The study determined that the adoption of this technology was influenced by technological and socioeconomic barriers. Factors increasing the likelihood of adoption included technical capacity (machinery availability), support (technical advice), and the management of internal resources (cut-and-carry pasture). Therefore, technology transfer policies should focus on simultaneously strengthening these three components to guarantee the sustainability of regional livestock farming.
