Purpose: To determine correlations between the grade of lens opacity and tear levels of total antioxidant activity (TAA) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) products in patients having both cataract and bacterial keratitis treated versus not treated with methyl-ethyl pyridinol hydrochloride (MH). Methods: Patients of the study group had both senile cataract and bacterial stromal keratitis; they received MH (nine four-week cycles of daily treatment with MH separated by four-week breaks) as an adjunct to the conventional antibacterial treatment. Patients that received the conventional antibacterial treatment only were used as controls. The development of senile cataract in patients with keratitis was followed up for 18 months. Severity of lens opacity was assessed by slit lamp biomicroscopy and scored on a scale of 0 to 5. Tear levels of TAA, malondialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugate (DC) were determined in patients with keratitis only and those having both keratitis and cataract. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to determine associations between the grade of lens opacity and tear levels of metabolic characteristics. Results: Correlations between the grade of lens opacity and tear levels of TAA, MDA and DC were higher for patients having both cataract and keratitis and treated with MH than for patients with keratitis only. There were correlations of the grade of lens opacity with tear levels of TAA, MDA and DC (R=-0.85, R=0.80 and R=0.65, respectively) and of the tear level of TAA with tear levels of MDA and DC (R=-0.84 and R=-0.72, respectively) for patients having both cataract and bacterial keratitis and treated with MH. Conclusion: Our findings of apparent correlations of the grade of lens opacity with the parameters of the oxidative-antioxidatiove system in the tear fluid of patients indicate a pathogenetic role of bacterial keratitis in the development of cataract. MH has antioxidative properties and may be used for correcting metabolic abnormalities and preventing structural and functional changes in the lens in cataractogenesis with corneal inflammation.
Purpose: To assess the ultrasound features of epibulbar malignancies of various histogenesis (melanoma and carcinoma), including the thickness of adjacent sclera and the sonographic density and dimensions of the neoplasm before and at various time points after radiation therapy plus cryosurgery. Material and Methods: Ultrasound (US) examination was performed in 75 patients with conjunctival melanoma (CM) or conjunctival carcinoma (CC) who underwent treatment at SI “The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the NAMS of Ukraine” in 2004-2021. Of these, 58 (77.3%) had CM, and 17 (24%) had CC. Of the patients with CM, 30 (51.7%) were men aged 18 to 88 years (median, 51.3 years), and 28 (48.3%) were women aged 26 to 87 years (median, 57.3 years). Of the patients with CC, 12 (70.6%) were men aged 28 to 82 years (median, 66.3 years), and 5 (29.4 %) were women aged 35 to 74 years (median, 57.0 years). US biomicroscopy images were obtained using the 50-MHz Aviso Ultrasound Platform. Dimensions and sonographic density of the tumor, thickness of the sclera underlying the tumor and scleral thickness on the opposite side were assessed at baseline and each 3 months over a one-year follow-up. All patients received radiation therapy (RT) plus cryosurgery (alias, cryodestruction of the tumor). Results: For the total study sample, the thickness of the sclera beneath the tumor was, on average, 1.9 times thinner compared to scleral thickness on the opposite side, and this difference was significant (p < 0.01). Eyes with partial resorption of CM exhibited a thickness of the underlying sclera (0.42 mm) that was 1.3 times and 1.2 times thinner compared to eyes with complete resorption of CM (χ2 = 3.13, р = 0.006) and eyes with partial resorption of CC (χ2 = 4.31, р = 0.01), respectively. A middle sonographic density was the most common category of sonographic density for CM as well as CC (χ2 = 3.1, р = 0.004; χ2 = 4.3, р = 0.006, respectively). There was a conjugation between the category of sonographic density and the presence of tumor recurrence in patients with CM or CC. Recurrence of CM or CC was observed only in tumors with a middle sonographic density (χ2 = 6.01, р = 0.004). A thickness of the sclera underlying the tumor not exceeding 0.30 mm may be considered as a risk factor for the development of scleromalacia (odds ratio (OR) = 7.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.2-53.8) (Copyright Registration Certificate for a Work No. 134003 issued on March 3, 2025). Conclusion: The thickness of the sclera beneath the tumor as assessed by US was thinner compared to scleral thickness on the opposite side. A middle sonographic density was the most common category of sonographic density for CM. There was a conjugation between the category of sonographic density and the presence of tumor recurrence in patients with CM and those with CC. Recurrence of CM or CC was observed only in tumors with a middle sonographic density. A thickness of the sclera underlying the tumor not exceeding 0.30 mm may be considered as a risk factor for the development of scleromalacia (OR = 7.7, 95% CI 3.2-53.8).
Purpose: To describe the case of longitudinal structural changes in the optic disc in ischemic optic neuropathy. Methods: A 63-year-old male patient (two eyes) was under observation for three months, from August to October 2024. Informed consent to use medical records for research purposes was obtained from the patient. Ethical approval was obtained from the local ethics committee (committee meeting minutes of March 24, 2022). Visual acuity and ophthalmoscopy OU were done and optic coherence tomography (OCT) OS was performed in August and October, 2024, and OCT OD was performed in October, 2024. Automated perimetry and OCT angiography (OCTA) OU were performed in October, 2024. Results: The 63-year-old male patient was examined and diagnosed with “optic atrophy OS and non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) OU”. The OCT study of structural components of the optic disc OS showed a 54.9% reduction in the average thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) of the optic disc and a 4.4% reduction in the thickness of the inner retinal complex (GCL++) in October compared to August 2024. In August 2024, RNFL thickness and GCL++ thickness in the superior and inferior segments were thicker in the left eye than in the right eye. In October 2024, the thickness of both layers in the inferior segment became thicker than the thickness of the superior segment for the left eye, likely reflecting the expansion of swelling to the inferior segment. In October 2024, it was in the inferior segment of the peripapillary region that OCTA showed a reduction in vessel density along with dilated and tortuous capillaries. Conclusion: Studies of longitudinal structural changes in the optic disc reflect the role of localized swelling as a consequence of impaired blood perfusion in NAION, and confirm an increase in the affected area, likely due to secondary factors.
Purpose: To assess the efficacy (success rate) of modified diode transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) in patients with painful neovascular glaucoma (NVG) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Material and Methods: This prospective, single-center cohort study included 62 patients (62 eyes) with NVG secondary to RVO. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the number of intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medications, laboratory characteristics and pain scores were assessed. A diode laser TSCPC with a fiber optic G-probe was performed at a power of 1,000 mW for duration of 1.5 s (corresponding to 1.5 J/pulse). Post-TSCPC measures of success included IOP between 10 and 21 mmHg or a reduction in IOP of ≥ 30% from baseline IOP, no ocular pain and improvement in or maintenance of BCVA. Results: At 12 months after TSCPC, the IOP decreased by 48% (р = 0.000). Eight (13%), 18 (29%), and 7 (11%) eyes received two, three, and four CPC sessions, respectively. Post-TSCPC complications included long-term inflammation was noted in 6 eyes (9.7%) and hyphema in 1 eye (1.6%). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that TSCPC success depended on the baseline IOP (р = 0.01), number of local IOP-lowering medications (р = 0.03), and presence of preoperative complications (р = 0.02), and was associated with a D-dimer value < 0.55 mg fibrinogen equivalent units/l (р = 0.01). Panretinal laser photocoagulation performed early (within 3 months) after RVO and combined with antiangiogenic therapy did not prevent NVG, but contributed to the success of TSCPC for NVG. Conclusion: The success rate of modified diode TSCPC in patients with painful NVG secondary to RVO at 12 months was 71%. Modified diode TSCPC in painful NVG secondary to RVO appears to be safe in terms of the absence of serious complications (hypotony and phthisis bulbi). TSCPC success depends on the presence of ophthalmic and systemic complications which should be treated.
Purpose: To evaluate postoperative results of pars plana vitrectomy combined with an inverted internal limiting membrane-flap technique and intravitreal injection of viscoelastic material for optic disc pit maculopathy complicated by serous macular detachment in a child. Observations: Ocular examination included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) testing, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, dilated fundus examination, intraocular pressure measurement, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and color fundus photography. BCVA in the left eye was 20/50 (0.4). Preoperative OCT findings showed distortion of retinal layers, serous macular detachment and a large schisis cavity in the left eye. Foveolar depression was not determined due to the height of intraretinal fluid and subretinal fluid extending towards the optic disc pit. Retinal thickness in the macular area was 507 μm. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed in combination with an inverted internal limiting membrane internal limiting membrane-flap technique and intravitreal injection of viscoelastic material, followed by 15% C3F8 gas endotamponade. A follow-up OCT examination in 3 months showed decreased subretinal fluid, residual edema, and restored foveolar depression. Retinal thickness in the macular area was 328 μm. BCVA of the left eye improved to 20/32 (0.63). Conclusions: Pars plana vitrectomy with an inverted internal limiting membrane-flap technique for optic disc pit maculopathy allows to reduce an amount of intra- and subretinal fluid. A visco-associated flap fixation technique creates conditions for its stabilization, which ultimately contributes to improving anatomical and functional outcomes during surgery and in the postoperative period.
Purpose: To experimentally examine in vitro and in vivo regenerative processes resulting from the effect of experimental samples of synthetic (poly)vinyl formal (PVF) based hydrogel implants. Material and Methods: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis; Vero cell culture evaluation of in vitro regenerative processes by the wound-healing assay; evaluation of in vivo regenerative processes in the rabbit ocular and crest tissues resulting from the effect of experimental samples of synthetic PVF based hydrogel implants. Experimental studies of hybrid hydrogels were conducted in 20 Chinchilla rabbits (age, 5–6 months and weight, 2–3 kg) that were maintained and fed under similar conditions. Results: The most active regeneration of the damaged Vero cell monolayer (with a wound closure percentage of 91%) resulted from the effect of the sample of PVF/AuNP (12.06 µg/g) hydrogel, followed by PVF-based hydrogel and PVF-based hydrogel impregnated with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). In an in vivo study of local effects after implantation of PVF/AuNP (12.06 µg/g) hydrogel in the scleral sac, orbital tissue or below the crest intradermally, the rabbits who underwent this implantation exhibited mild edema of postoperative suture site and adjacent conjunctiva which reduced on day 10 and practically disappeared on days 17-19. Histomorphological studies of responses of the rabbit orbital and crest tissue to the hydrogel implant found neither implant resorption nor acute inflammation of the surrounding tissue. Conclusion: Our in vitro and in vivo study of regenerative processes resulting from the effect of experimental samples of synthetic PVF based hydrogel implants demonstrated that PVF/AuNP (12.06 µg/g) hydrogel is highly biocompatible and had promise as an implant material.
Purpose: To assess the expression of molecular markers of peripheral blood lymphocyte activation (СD7+, CD54+, CD95+) before and after eye-preserving treatment for Т1 to Т3 choroidal melanoma (CM). Material and Methods: Expression of molecular markers of peripheral blood lymphocyte activation (СD7+, CD54+, CD95+) was examined before and after eye-preserving treatment for Т1 to Т3 CM. The major study group (group 1) consisted of 25 patients (14 (56.0%) women and 11 (44.0%) men; mean age (standard deviation (SD)), 51.7 (16.6) years) who received the eye-preserving treatment (transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT (delivered using the developed methodology) combined with strontium-90/yttrium-90 (90Sr/90Y) brachytherapy (BT)) for moderate to large (T1-T3) CM (tumor base, 3.1 to 15 mm; tumor thickness, 3.1 to 9.0 mm). The control group (group 2) consisted of 16 patients (12 (75.0%) women and 4 (25.0%) men; mean age (SD), 55.4 (11.2) years) who received TTT only for small (T1) CM (tumor base, ≤ 12 mm; tumor thickness, ≤ 3 mm). Results: The expression of markers CD7+, СD54+, and CD95+ before treatment for Т1-Т3 CM was higher than before treatment for small Т1 CM, but the difference was significant only for the absolute expression of CD7+ (р = 0.0008). After TTT for small Т1 CM, a statistically significant increase was observed only in the absolute and percentage expression of CD7+ (р = 0.04 and р = 0.0000, respectively) and the absolute expression of FAS-ligand CD95+ (р = 0.05). Additionally, the level of СD54+ increased after treatment, but not significantly. Absolute expression levels of these molecular markers decreased after TTT plus BT, but not significantly. Additionally, the percentage expression of СD7+ decreased statistically significantly (р = 0.02), and the percentage expression of СD95+ decreased statistically insignificantly (р = 0.06). After eye-preserving treatment for CM, there were significant differences between the two groups in the absolute and percentage expression of FAS-ligand CD95+ (р = 0.003 and р = 0.000, respectively) and CD54+ (р = 0.03 and р = 0.000 respectively), with these levels being lower in group 1. Conclusion: Expression of molecular markers of peripheral blood lymphocyte activation (СD7+, CD54+, CD95+) increased with tumor progression in patients with CM. The expression of the markers increased after TTT only for small Т1 CM, and decreased after TTT plus BT (90Sr/90Y) for Т1-Т3 CM, likely due to the effect of radiotherapy.
Professor Sergii Volodymyrovych Filatov: Just a son in the shadow of a great father or a prominent ophthalmologist?
Purpose: To objectively determine longitudinal changes in corneal optical density (COD) in patients with bacterial keratitis (BK). Methods: Thirty patients with unilateral BK (mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 44.7 ± 11.5 years) underwent examination. Fellow eyes were used as controls. Optical densitometry was performed using the corneal topography system Pentacam AXL at admission and days 7 and 14 of treatment. Results: At presentation and days 7 and 14 of treatment, the average median (interquartile range [IQR]) COD value for the affected eyes was 92.8 (55.6-99.6), 89.7 (51.1-97.3) and 80.6 (32.0-93.1) grayscale units (GSU), respectively (p < 0.05), indicating a decrease in inflammatory infiltration, and the average mean (SD) COD value for the control eyes was 19.6 ± 3.0, 19.9 ± 2.8, and 19.7 ± 2.6 GSU, respectively, with no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: The use of optical densitometry for monitoring corneal transparency in eyes treated for BK over a two-week period enabled objective recording of a gradual reduction in median (IQR) COD values in the affected eyes from 92.8 (55.6–99.6) to 80.6 (32.0–93.1) GSU, corresponding to an improvement in the clinical status of patients.
Background: Cervico-Oculo-acoustic syndrome, also known as Wildervanck syndrome, is a rare inherited disorder that causes congenital hearing loss, Klippel-Feil abnormalities, and Duane retraction syndrome. Females are more likely to have Wildervanck syndrome and associated skeletal and cranial anomalies. This illness's distinctive symptoms must be accurately documented to advance clinical knowledge and therapeutic strategies. Case Presentation: An eleven-year-old girl from a blood line had restricted neck movement and left eye abduction since birth. She had genu valgum, arachnodactyly, micrognathia, and other notable cranial anomalies. Interventions: Supportive treatment included neck mobility and scoliosis therapy, hearing aids for her conductive hearing loss, and genu valgum assessments. Genetic consultation assisted with family planning and inheritance patterns. Conclusion: As this example shows a rare phenotype, patients with Wildervanck syndrome may have more symptoms than previously considered. This patient’s limb malformations underscore the need for thorough clinical examination and genetic research. This paper provides a good starting point for comprehensive Wildervanck syndrome diagnosis, treatment, and genetic counseling.
Aim: to compare the effectiveness of complex drug treatment of patients with toxoplasma retinochoroiditis. Methods: A total of 33 patients (45 eyes) diagnosed with toxoplasma retinochoroiditis were examined at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Eye Microsurgery (RSSPMCEM). Among them were 13 men (39.3%) and 20 women (60.7%). The patients' age ranged from 19 to 56 years. Depending on the proposed treatment, the patients were divided into 2 groups. I. the main group. All patients in the main group were recommended to use Spiramycin 3,000,000 IU orally, 1 tablet once a day for 14 days, intramuscular injections of Immunomodulin 0.01% - 1 ml - 1 time per day - 10 days, parabulbar injections of Dexamethasone 0.5 ml 1 time per day for 5 days in the affected eye, as well as instillation of drops of Bromfenac 0.09% 1 drop 2 times a day - a month. II. Control group. All patients in the control group were recommended to use Spiramycin 3,000,000 IU orally, 1 tablet once a day for 14 days, parabulbar injections of Dexamethasone 0.5 ml once a day for 5 days in the affected eye, as well as instillation of Bromfenac 0.09% drops, 1 drop 2 times a day - a month. Results: Our study revealed that a pronounced functional result was achieved after 3 months of treatment, and positive dynamics were observed throughout the entire observation period. Conclusion: The additional use of immunomodulatory therapy demonstrated greater efficacy in the treatment of toxoplasma retinochoroiditis over six months. The main group showed greater statistically significant improvements in BCVA (0.41±0.05 to 0.68±0.05) compared to the control (0.43±0.05 to 0.58±0.05), RNFL thickness increased to 82 ±1.5 µm from 78±1.6 µm, and macular edema decreased to 278±3.8 µm from 312±4.2 µm. Despite structural disorganization persisting, immunomodulatory therapy demonstrated a significant advantage in improving functional and anatomical outcomes
Purpose: To determine the duration of the hypotensive effect of the modified transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) with an 810-nm laser (1.5 J/ pulse) versus a 1064-nm laser (1.0 J/ pulse) followed by a 12-month follow-up in patients with diabetic neovascular glaucoma (NVG), and to assess the need for repeat TSCPC. Material and Methods: This prospective open-label study included patients with diabetic NVG with a follow-up of 12 months. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR) was found in 31/46 patients (67%) and the fundus could not be visualized in 15/46 patients (33%). Nine patients (20%) had a history or retinal laser photocoagulation and no pattern vision. All patients received TSCPC with a diode laser (810 nm, 1.5 J/ pulse) or neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser (1064 nm, 1.0 J/ pulse). TSCPC success was defined as an IOP between 10 and 21 mmHg (or a reduction in IOP of ≥ 30% from baseline IOP), no ocular pain, and an improvement or no change in best-corrected visual acuity. Results: There was no statistically significant difference (р = 0.87) in the duration of hypotensive effect in NVG patients between diode-laser TSCPC and Nd:YAG-laser TSCPC. At 12 months, IOP was ≤ 21.0 mmHg in eyes of 18/24 patients (75%) in group 1 (1064 nm) versus 17/22 patients (75%) in group 2 (810 nm). The regression model for predicting the need of repeat TSCPC in diabetic patients with NVG based on baseline IOP, presence of ocular complications of NVG, and ocular pain score and diabetes duration explained 94% of the variation in outcome (Nagelkerke's R2 = 0.94), and the model accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were 96.2% (p < 0.001), 0.958 and 0.882, respectively. Conclusion: At 12 months, stable ocular hypotensive effect of the modified TSCPC with an 810-nm laser (1.5 J/ pulse) and a 1064-nm laser (1.0 J/ pulse) was observed in 77% and 75%, respectively, of diabetic patients with NVG. The independent variables with the largest impact on the need for repeat TSCPC in diabetic patients with NVG were the baseline pain numeric rating scale score ≥ 8 (odds ratio (OR), 4.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.84-8.91), presence of ocular complications (OR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.84-8.91), diabetes duration ≥7 years (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.46-2.28) and IOP ≥35 mmHg (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.4-3.3).
Purpose. To identify specific risk factors and protective factors to inform tailored screening and management strategies for high-risk individuals. Methods. This case-control study included a total of 800 eyes from 400 individuals, comprising 200 pairs of eyes diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 200 glaucoma-free (the control group). Data were collected through structured questionnaires and comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the association between POAG and systemic conditions such as diabetes and hypertension, as well as various sociodemographic factors. Results. Systolic arterial hypertension was identified as a risk factor (p<0.05), while diastolic hypertension showed a protective effect (p<0.05). Contrary to expectations, diabetes mellitus was not statistically associated with an increased risk of POAG (p>0.05). Conclusion. The results emphasize the importance of arterial hypertension in the pathogenesis of POAG. The lack of significant association with diabetes in this cohort may be due to population-specific factors, such as genetic background or lifestyle. These findings support the need for tailored screening programs targeting individuals with risk factors. This study highlights the complex interaction of systemic diseases in the development of POAG. While arterial hypertension is confirmed risk factor, diabetes did not play a significant role in this cohort. Early detection through targeted screening of high-risk groups could improve the management and outcomes of glaucoma patients.
Purpose: To examine macular volume changes as assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and rates of these changes in different stages and courses of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Material and Methods: Totally, 123 patients (191 eyes; 54 men and 69 women; age, 48 to 69 years) with POAG were included in the study and underwent examination. Of these eyes, 67 were found to have pre-perimetric glaucoma and 124, perimetric POAG. At 5 years after enrollment in the study, the rate of macular volume change was assessed in 118 eyes. Examination included routine eye examination, static automated perimetry and OCT. POAG was classified as progressive or stabilized on the basis of annual rate of mean deviation (MD) change. The control group comprised 27 healthy individuals (54 eyes). Results: Macular volume was smaller in patients with perimetric glaucoma than in those with pre-perimetric glaucoma and decreased with an increase in the stage of glaucoma. We found macular volume to be positively moderately correlated with the annual rate of MD change (r = 0.6649, p < 0.05). Throughout a five-year study period, there was a reduction in the macular volume in 52.8% of eyes with pre-perimetric glaucoma and 59.7% of eyes with perimetric glaucoma (p > 0.05). A reduction in the macular volume was seen significantly more frequently among eyes with progressive perimetric POAG than among eyes with stabilized POAG (67.8% versus 45.9%; χ2 = 4.46; р < 0.05). Conclusion: Macular volume positively moderately correlated with the annual rate of MD change in eyes with POAG. Macular volume was significantly smaller in eyes with perimetric POAG than in controls and eyes with preperimetric POAG, and significantly decreased with an increase in the stage of glaucoma. A reduction in the macular volume over time was almost 1.5 times more common in eyes with progressive perimetric POAG than in eyes with stabilized perimetric POAG.
Aim: clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of various lasers in treating acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Methods. The study involved 50 patients (53 eyes) with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR): 32 (60.4%) with the acute form and 18 (39.6%) with the chronic form. Patients were divided into three groups based on treatment and the leakage point's (LP) location. Group 1; 19 patients (19 eyes) received focal laser coagulation. Group 2 included 24 patients (24 eyes) who underwent subthreshold micropulse laser treatment (SMLT) for retinal neuroepithelial detachment. Group 3; 7 patients (10 eyes) with chronic disease underwent focal coagulation combined with SMLT, with LP confirmed via fluorescein angiography (FA). The observation lasted 6 months. Results. At the 4-week follow-up, Group 1's best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved by 60.2% to 0.75±0.01, with central retinal thickness (CRT) decreasing by 72.8% to 257.2±13.1 µm (p<0.05). Group 2 experienced a 30% BCVA improvement to 0.5±0.02, and a 32.1% CRT reduction to 266.6±10.3 µm (p<0.05). Group 3 showed a 26.5% BCVA increase to 0.35±0.01, with CRT decreasing by 27.3% to 280.6±14.5 µm (p<0.05). Conclusions. When the leakage point (LP) is located in the subfoveal region, in cases of the chronic form of the disease with large-area diffuse hyperfluorescence, in situations where the filtration point is not detected by fluorescein angiography (FA), and in cases of disease recurrence, subthreshold micropulse laser treatment, the use of subthreshold micropulse mode laser devices with a yellow wavelength (577 nm) is considered a safe and effective therapeutic method.
Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and assess the clinical features of conjunctival melanoma and carcinoma based on the data on patients presenting to the Ocular Oncology Department, SI “The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of the NAMS of Ukraine". Material and Methods: Medical records of 125 patients with conjunctival malignancy (94 conjunctival melanoma (CM) patients (75.2%) and 31 conjunctival carcinoma (CM) patients (24.8%)) treated at the Filatov Institute in 2004-2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Of these CM patients, 49 (52.1%) were males (age range, 18 to 88 years; median, 51.1 years), and 45 (47.9%) were females (age range, 26 to 87 years; median, 56.6 years). Of these CC patients, 24 (77.4%) were males (age range, 28 to 82 years; median, 64.6 years), and 7 (22.6%) were females (age range, 36 to 77 years; median, 56.6 years). Results: CM and CC were seen in 1.9%-3.4% and 0.5%-1.2%, respectively, of total annual patients presenting with ocular malignancy to the institute. The most common age group among CM patients was 40-59 years (р = 0.02), and among CC patients, 60-79 years (р = 0.01). Most CM patients (57 patients or 60.9%) lived in urban areas (χ2 = 7.7, р = 0.01), and most CC patients (17 patients or 56.3%) lived in rural areas. Primary tumors were seen in 84 CM patients (89.4%) and 22 CC patients (75.8%), and iatrogenic tumors, in 10 CM patients (10.6%) and 7 CC patients (22.5%). Most commonly, iatrogenic lesions were seen after surgical treatment (60% for CM and 83.3% for CC). The most common melanoma anatomic conjunctival location was inner inferior region (34 patients or 36.2%; р = 0.03). The two most common carcinoma anatomic conjunctival locations were outer inferior region (32.8%; р = 0.004) and inner inferior region (25.8%; р = 0.01). Disease duration at presentation was less than 12 months for most (60.7%) CM patients, and less than 3 months for most (72.4%) CC patients (median, 1.4 months). Conclusion: CM and CC were seen in 1.9%-3.4% and 0.5%-1.2%, respectively, of total annual patients presenting with ocular malignancy to the institute. The majority of patients with conjunctival malignancy had CM (60.9%) and the majority (60.9%) of CM patients lived in urban areas. Primary tumors were seen in the majority of patients (89.4% of CM patients and 75.8% of CC patients). Most commonly, iatrogenic lesions were seen after surgical treatment (60% for CM and 83.3% for CC). The outer half of the eye was involved more frequently (50%) in CM patients, and the inner half was involved more frequently (43.8%) in CC patients. Disease duration at presentation was less than 12 months for most CM patients (60.7%), and less than 3 months for most CC patients.
Volodymyr Petrovych Filatov, an outstanding ophthalmologist, Academician of the AS of UkrSSR and AMS of USSR, and the founder of the Ukrainian ophthalmology school: a life pathway
Purpose: To determine correlations of the parameters of the oxidative-anti-oxidative system in the lens, aqueous humor and tear fluid with the grade of lens opacity in rabbits with cataract and/or bacterial keratitis treated versus not treated with methyl-ethyl pyridinol hydrochloride (MH). Methods: Fifty-four adult Chinchilla rabbits were used for all experiments. Superficial bacterial keratitis only was induced only in the right eye (groups 1 and 2), and each of animals in group 2 received five four-week cycles of four-times-a-day-treatment with MH in the right eye separated by four-week breaks. In animals of groups 3 and 4, cataract was induced by nine-hours-a-day total exposure to 350-1150 nm ultraviolet (UV) radiation from a mercury-arc lamp for a period 40 weeks. Each of animals in group 4 received MH treatment in both eyes using the same scheme as noted above. In animals of groups 5 and 6, cataract was induced in the same way as in animals of group 3, and keratitis was induced in the same way as in animals of group 1. Each of animals in group 6 received MH treatment in the right eye using the same scheme as noted above. Group 7 comprised intact control rabbits. The Spearmen rank correlation was used to assess associations between the grade of lens opacity, activities of glutathione peroxidase (GP) and catalase (CT), and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugate (DC). Results: The grade of lens opacity was negatively correlated with the activities of GP and CT, and positively correlated with the levels of lipid peroxidation products (MDA and DC) for rabbits with keratitis only, cataract only, and especially keratitis plus cataract, treated or not treated with MH. There was no substantial change in the values of correlation coefficients for rabbits treated with MH compared to those not treated with MH. Conclusion: Our findings of correlations between the above-mentioned parameters indicate the important role the metabolic abnormalities have in the formation of structural and functional changes in the lens of animals with corneal inflammation. These findings also lay ground for introducing pathogenesis-targeted metabolic correction with MH for oxidative-antioxidative system imbalance in ocular tissues
Background: Corneal and limbal dermoids are benign congenital tumors which are most commonly located in the inferotemporal quadrant. Tumor growth results in astigmatism, leading to anisometropic amblyopia. It is important to select a surgical treatment option contributing to a reduction in astigmatism and an improvement in visual acuity, and leading to good or excellent cosmetic results. Purpose: To report a case series of epibulbar dermoids treated with deep lamellar keratoscleroplasty. Material and Methods: We report on 4 cases (age range, 14 to 40 years) with epibulbar corneal limbal dermoids (2 eyes) and limbal dermoids (3 eyes). Dermoid excision by deep lamellar keratoscleroplasty was performed in three eyes, and by peripheral lamellar keratoscleroplasty, in one eye. In addition, no surgery was performed in one eye with a grade I dermoid. Patients underwent general eye examination, ocular photography was performed for documentation purposes, and excised dermoids were sent for histomorphological examination. Results: In all cases, histomorphological studies confirmed the benign nature of the disease. In addition, the corneal portion of the corneoscleral graft or the corneal graft was clear. Deep lamellar keratoscleroplasty for corneal and limbal dermoids contributed to a significant reduction in corneal astigmatism, improvement in visual acuity and satisfactory cosmetic results. No corneoscleral graft rejection or neovascularization was noted and no infectious complication was observed.
