The current management of the Delta is unsustainable for almost all stakeholders. 2. Recent improvement in the understanding of the Delta environment allows for more sustainable and innovative management. 3. Most users of Delta services have considerable ability to adapt economically to risk and change. 4. Several promising alternatives exist to current Delta management. 5. Significant political decisions will be needed to make major changes in the Delta.
The current management of the Delta is unsustainable for almost all stakeholders. 2. Recent improvement in the understanding of the Delta environment allows for more sustainable and innovative management. 3. Most users of Delta services have considerable ability to adapt economically to risk and change. 4. Several promising alternatives exist to current Delta management. 5. Significant political decisions will be needed to make major changes in the Delta.
The Political Constitution of the United States of Mexico (CPEUM) dates from February 5, 1917. It recognizes that all people will enjoy the guarantees granted by the Constitution, which may not be restricted or suspended, except in some cases and under the conditions that it herself establishes.On the centenary of the promulgation of its Magna Carta, Mexico is experiencing a deep economic, political, social and governmental crisis, and the consequent loss of access to fundamental human rights to survive.Among the effects of this situation, 44 million people are in the age of preparing to enter the labor market and sustain the Mexican economy for the next four decades. However, their economic situation prevents them from having the resources required to access adequate food, pay educational expenses and enter the labor market.This reality makes it essential to explore the possible causes that have originated these circumstances and propose viable alternatives that alleviate – in the medium term – the immense deficiencies of the Mexicans and recover the hope that there will be possibilities of a lasting life.
The face-to-face between the world of law and the life sciences is heavy with implicit: fear that it will open the way to liberticidal confrontations or hope that it will be able to allay the social fears born of human intervention in living things. We therefore expect the law to organize a legal order capable of governing activities relating to the life sciences. However, this demand for legal protection and security appears to be excessive in relation to the capacities of the law. In fact, it expresses a social anxiety commensurate with the crisis that our civilization is going through
With the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, international law provides an effective reference source beyond the law of the States. This law has two specific characteristics. In the first place it is as much a law in relation with new techno-logies as a law of principles because it applies the principles in the light of the diversity of scientific practices. Secondly, these technologies are at their most active in the field of globalization and support some standardization of practices. When the first character deals with power and standardization of scientific practices, the second the normative aspect recognizes the cultural and professional dimension of technoscience. In both cases, the diffusion and integration of science and technologies in society is a global phenomenon, exceeding the sphere of local cultures and laws.
Within this work are approached some historical elements on the history of the evolution of the perception of the links between the soul and the body and the modification of the place of the soul within canon and Roman rights.
Epigenetics invites, by its specific characteristics, to reflect on a variety of questions relating to public policies in a logic of “sustainable health” but also of “lasting respect” for fundamental rights. Thus, preserving a sustainable environment means placing the prospect of a longer human life in a logic of better quality of life, of “sustainable health”, but it is also a matter of public policy
Athough, first forms of legal provisions concerning medical research in Croatia (ex Yugoslavia) came into force during 1970s (regulating work of „commissions for drugs“), more vivid presence and impact of law within bioethics can be traced in the 1990s. Beside the new Law on Health Protection (1997) – articles 51 and 52 requiring the establishment of ethics committees and regulating the framework of their duties, the introduction and the success of the law occured as a consequence of political changes and international opening, influencing education, research, health and social policies. Later progression of the legal discipline within bioethics can be noticed not only with respect to the work of prominent legal experts, but also the main tide of Croatian bioethics, particularly the Integrative Bioethics of Ante Covic.The aim of this paper is to detect the main representatives of legal perspective and discipline within modern bioethical trends in Croatia, as well as to clarify some of the many intriguing mutal influences.
We want here to examine the challenge of cultural pluralism that the new discipline of Bioethics is rising to a Church that wants to leave the sacristy. Being herself in the contemporary world, the Church should be involved in those issues and should be concerned by the common anguish shared by secularized society, which does not share necessarily a religious vision of the world. We should question why theology should be interested in bioethics and its problems and the way we tackle them. We should also search what may be the perspectives for dialogue faced with those challenges such as the health as a right and duty; dilemmas that arise at the beginning and end of life, the role of the theologian and religious persons in the new research ethics committees
Industrialization has developed ingenious activities for the purpose of profit. This affects all sectors including agriculture and the concern is to verify the positive or negative interactions that the different economic activities have on each other. To do this, it is urgent to integrate the life sciences, including agriculture, to a much more global reflection for the future of society by taking into account cultural diversity, economic and social disparities, but first and foremost by integrating the “vital constants” without which there may not be a future at all
Understand the deep relations between biology (logic of life, language of life), bioethics (ethos of life) and environment (fruit of the ecosystem-culture relationship, Angel Maya, A. 1996), from the South that we embody, implies decolonizing, deconstructing these three terms from the Southern Environmental Thought. It is about de-anthropizing them and reconfiguring them from geo-thought, that is, the thought that arises from our earth.To see ethics in a telluric way implies to feel it in the earth, as an understanding of the language of nature and of life. Of human life, certainly, but without excluding other forms of life. Rather, it is about denouncing the way in which life is exploited, put at the service of industrial production.Southern Environmental Thought connects bioethics with the environment to show the close aesthetic-complex relationship between these two words. The term Abya Yala reflects this reality. Originally from Cuna, this word means to live well and refers to the way of living of the non-Westernized human. It also means the generous, fertile and flowering Earth, words which evoke the way in which the Habitat allows the inhabitant to poetically inhabit the Earth.
From the 1960s to the present, most States in the world have enacted legislation aimed at reducing the impacts of environmental degradation. However, the affirmation of the right of every person to a healthy and adequate environment for life as a Human Right constituted an important milestone for its incorporation in the constitutional frameworks and legal systems of countries; in the policies, norms and programs of international organizations; as well as in the regulation of economic activities, promoting the development of Environmental Law. In a complementary manner, the prosecution of cases of violation of the fundamental right to a healthy and adequate environment for life not only provides an important source of constitutional jurisprudence at the national and international level; it also contributes to broaden the theoretical and conceptual scope of this right, as well as to clarify its interdependence and articulation with other principles
The purpose of this article is to report the legal regulation and the main judicial decisions relating to the precautionary principle. In the Argentine system, unlike prevention, precaution did not enter in the new civil and commercial code as a principle applicable in any sector. It is expressly regulated in environmental matters and a group of authors extend it to other cases in which collective or diffuse interests exist. From a procedural perspective, caution has led to changes in the requirements of traditional legal instruments. The jurisprudence of all instances, including that of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, shows that the configuration of the precautionary principle is still under construction.ticle is to report the legal regulation and the main judicial decisions relating to the precautionary principle. In the Argentine system, unlike prevention, precaution did not enter in the new civil and commercial code as a principle applicable in any sector. It is expressly regulated in environmental matters and a group of authors extend it to other cases in which collective or diffuse interests exist. From a procedural perspective, caution has led to changes in the requirements of traditional legal instruments. The jurisprudence of all instances, including that of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, shows that the configuration of the precautionary principle is still under construction.
We address the ethical causes of the global ecological crisis we are currently undergoing, along with the expansion of the instrumental reason that is typical of modernity and the critics arisen from ecological ethics and feminism. Helping to solve the ethical crisis found in the base of ecology, with the intention of universal rationality, is possible from bioethical approach: utilitarianism and radical neoliberalism are useless, and maybe the foundations of our ethical duties with the nature and the rest of the living creatures may be found in the proposals of the dialogic ethics, neoaristotelian perspective and personalisme.
Is there an environmental criminal law? Environmental law is emerging as a new, third-generation, collective, peripheral, predominantly public, fundamental, preventive rather than repressive, global, universal and inalienable right, a right of interrelation, the object of which is essentially natural, changing and interdisciplinary. In turn, environmental criminal law could be defined as “the set of legal norms with criminal content aimed at protecting the environment in which manlives and is in contact”.
The method of surrogacy is one of the most controversial issues related to IVF Much ink has been spilled over the expression of opinions both in favor and against the application of the method. In Greece, surrogacy is permitted under a number of strict conditions that have to be met in order to be lawful. The main concern of the Greek legislator was child’s best interest. However, the lack of a common approach regarding surrogacy among the countries of Europe favors reproductive tourism and leads to inequality between the European citizens as far as access to Medically Assisted Reproduction is concerned. Given this situation, there is an urgent need for a common regulation regarding the application of surrogacy which, in one way or the other, is actually gaining more and more ground implemented. The Greek model proposes a viable solution in this direction.
The analysis of the case law gives us the vision of an enlightened reality that is complex and full of nuances. In fact, the European Court of Human Rights has not hesitated to transform in the long term the social, legal and medical vision of transsexualism. However, although the Court remains sensitive to social developments, its approach to the relationship between gender and reproduction remains to a large extent dependent on the margin of appreciation it leaves to States.
From an economic perspective, damage and loss valuation aims first at justifying climate change mitigation efforts. But the difficulties related to the heteroge-neity of the damage and the time horizon of the impacts make the results very contingent of the computation hypotheses. The debate thus focused on the social cost of carbon, driven by the idea of basing climate change policies on emission pricing. But damage assessment could also be used as a basis for compensating victims. Although the idea of climate justice is struggling to establish the basis for this compensation, international negotiations have begun to lay the groundwork for it through the Warsaw Mechanism, which remains however far from this goal
The declaration adopted on 13 November 2017 by UNESCO establishes a short list of ethical principles to guide decision-making and policy development in the fight against climate change at all levels, including local, national, regional and international levels. In this perspective, it addresses political and institutional decision makers as well as companies, associations and individuals, in order to mobilize society as a whole to tackle climate change. While the aims set by the drafters of the declaration undoubtedly seem encouraging and fully justified consi-dering the need for global action in this area, one cannot but wonder about the instrument chosen to implement them, namely ethics. This choice suggests a text with two obvious, if not crippling, limits: a non-binding character on the one hand and limited credibility resulting from the use of values on the other hand. Under these conditions, a question inevitably arises: why ethics?
The robotization of the human implies a more or less intimate hybridization with the machine. When it participates in the repair of the human being, it generates a modification of the legal status of the robot that passes from the category of things to that of personn, which has remarkable effects in terms of civil liability. However, as the therapeutic aspect of hybridization disapears, not only does the robot move away from the category of personn, but the hybrid body raises many questions about fundamental rights
