Inspiring customers is a powerful strategy for retailers to increase basket values and unplanned purchases. Based on Social Impact Theory and Shopping Goal Theory, this article examines how the socialness of the pre-purchase journey influences customer inspiration and purchase behavior. Analyzing 1,391 customer journeys, we find that higher socialness of the pre-purchase phase significantly boosts customer inspiration, but only when the touchpoints used are primarily online. Customers who feel more inspired through social touchpoints spend more (+7.3%) and make unplanned purchases more frequently (+24.5%). These findings highlight the opportunities for management to leverage targeted online touchpoint strategies in the pre-purchase phase to drive customer inspiration. To unlock this potential, companies should strategically realign their customer journey and omnichannel management with the goal of fostering customer inspiration.
Exposure Draft 2024/1 proposes changes to the impairment test under IAS 36, allowing capital ex penditures for expansions and future restructuring to be included in the value in use-even if the entity is not yet firmly committed to their implementation. An analysis of the comment letters re veals that the proposal has been largely welcomed by stakeholders due to its closer alignment with internal forecasts, despite widespread concerns about increasing management over-opti mism. This paper demonstrates why the proposal is conceptually questionable and problematic from a user perspective. Strategic forward-looking plans could obscure already incurred impair ments and contribute to the creation of internally generated goodwill. As a result, the proposal risks accelerating the erosion of accrual accounting in favor of a stronger orientation toward the management approach.
Order fulfilment in online grocery retail presents providers with complex challenges. This paper examines key decision problems across the three core phases of order fulfilment-replenishment, picking, and delivery-and analyses their specific characteristics as well as their interplay with or der acceptance. The focus lies on how data-driven approaches can enhance the performance of the fulfilment process and profitability in retailing. The analysis follows a managerial and analyti cal perspective, combining theoretical insights with practical implications.
This essay is a contribution to the history of marketing in Germany. The text source and subject of investigation is the 2nd edition of & bdquo;Grundriss eines vollst & auml;ndigen Kaufmanns-Systems" (1768) by Carl G & uuml;nther Ludovici. The sales-related issues and instruments discussed therein will be exami ned, critically analyzed in a historical context, and illuminated in the light of & bdquo;modern"marketing theory.
The study addresses the existing research gap on the perception of tax behavior of multinational companies by individuals in the context of their own tax morale. To do so, a qualitative study is conducted to develop a model that structures the individual and multidimensional perceptions and cognitive processes described. One possible strategy for reacting to the discrepancy between the status quo and the desired state, as perceived by the interviewees, characterized by standards ofjustice or world views, is to question ones' own tax morale. The actual expressed adjustment of tax morale also depends on the effect ofpotential intellectual mediators. The findings reveal a de terminant for tax morale of individuals and also offer methodological implications.
The paper analyses the plausibility of a multi-factorial efficiency measurement of brick-and-mor tar grocery retail stores using real company data. For this purpose, two best-practice-frontier me thods are applied, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Corrected Normalised Additive Analysis (CNAA). Both approaches enable the simultaneous evaluation of multiple input and out put variables without requiring prior monetization. The results show that both methods estimate plausible and largely similar efficiency scores. While the CNAA is less complex to implement, the DEA offers additional possibilities for deriving practical managerial recommendations. Therefore, both methods represent a practical and methodologically robust foundation for KPI-based retail controlling, particularly in complex decision-making situations where traditional performance in dicators prove insufficient.
Goodwill impairments serve as a leading indicator of a decline in future profitability. Thus, management often use their discretion not to recognise impairment losses to avoid negative capital market reactions and to hide past suboptimal investment decisions. This exploratory paper examines whether accountability mechanisms are effectively restrict opportunistic management behaviour. We conduct an experiment with 90 experienced financial statement preparers and management consultants to compare accountability practices commonly used in practice against enhanced accountability requirements. We find that participants under increased process accountability are more likely to recognise impairment losses, engage in more balanced information search, and exhibit less biased information processing. Specifically, we argue that a stronger focus on process accountability in audit committee operations can reduce existing cognitive biases. We also find that consultants contribute to neutral information processing.
Employees from different generations are increasingly working together in companies. This inclu des opportunities and risks in the work process. Creating successful collaboration between diffe rent generations is known as generation management. This area of human resources manage ment represents an emerging field of research with high impact, for example, on the competitive ness of companies. Successful generation management can improve employee retention and inc rease employer attractiveness, which is very important in times of skilled labour shortage and has a strategic relevance. Selected results from studies, in conjunction with an overview of the current state of research, provide recommendations for action for the design of generation management in companies. This has many implications for trading companies.
NPOs increasingly use business management tools, in particular accounting with double-entry bo okkeeping and with a balance sheet and income statement. In this article, the problems ofa direct transfer to NPOs without a profit target like universities and churches, which is also emphasized in the international literature, is shown. Instead, a modified annual financial statement for NPOs with a cashflow statement, balance sheet and statement of changes in assets is proposed. An example is used to demonstrate how this can be easily implemented in double-entry bookkee ping. This can significantly improve the information function ofNPO accounting.
As recently published research results have shown, the use of algorithmic models makes it possib le to digitize the accounting policies of corporations. Based on this, matrix models based on ma thematical algorithms will be developed below, which represent digitization alternatives within the scope of the audit procedures relating to the result-dependent expenses and income, the statement of equity and the use ofprofits of corporations and contribute to considerable rationali zation of the commercial law audit of corporations. In the overall picture, the models presented provide assistance with the gradual digitization of special fields of the annual financial statement audit.
In the course of the integration of ISA [DE] into the principles of proper auditing, IDW PS 201 was revised. In the case of financialyears with the same calendaryear, the new provisions for the audit of annual financial statements will come into force from 2023. In the literature, greater attention was paid to paragraph 9 in particular, which ultimately led to a debate about the significance of fiscal court rulings for commercial law. The IDW was accused of systematically downgrading BFH decisions and unlawfully giving higher weight to its own legal statement. The concrete relation ship of the auditing standard to the understanding of failure under commercial law has barely be en considered in accounting research. This study is intended to add this perspective to the existing discussion process.
The introduction of ARUG II has fundamentally reformed the remuneration reporting of publicly listed companies. This study analyzes the impact on the scope and readability of these reports based on a pre-post comparison of 438 remuneration reports for the reporting years 2020 to 2022. Textual analyses show that, despite the significant increase in report length, readability has only slightly deteriorated, although the reports remain difficult to understand. Many companies voluntarily have their reports audited beyond the minimum legal requirements to send a deliberate signal of transparency.
Key performance indicators play a significant role in sustainability reporting in accordance with CSRD and ESRS, and this importance is expected to increase further because of the EU Commissi ons' omnibus proposals. However, the determination and analysis of sustainability-related indica tors involve additional challenges compared to financial indicators. This paper discusses these is sues for selected indicators related to environmental, social, and governance aspects within the ESRS. This highlights the lofty standards required for meaningful analysis. Companies should take these demands into account when identifying their relevant stakeholders in the context ofmateri ality assessment.
This article deals with the option to take share-based payments into account when determining a minimum tax profit or loss in accordance with the Minimum Tax Act (MinStG). This is relevant for determining the amount of any subsequent taxation in group structures in which companies are subject to low taxation under the MinStG. This article begins by defining the term share-based payments. It then outlines the regulatory requirements according to HGB, IFRS and tax law for ac counting for share-based payments and explains the consequences of applying the option under section 34 MinStG for share-based payments.
In the context of the newly endorsed public Country-by-Country-Reporting (public CbCR), taxation research has primarily focused on the usefulness and costs of the disclosed information. While the proprietary and reputational costs of public CbCR are likely of the greatest importance, the intro duction ofa public report on corporate income tax information also entails considerable tax com pliance costs (TCC). Quantifying the various TCC for fulfilling public CbCR requirements is challen ging for taxpayers. By using an explanatory interview study, the goal of this study is to identify potential determinants of TCC associated with the introduction of public CbCR through an explo ratory interview study. The interviewees particularly emphasize the importance of business struc tures, process changes, data collection, and data preparation measures as significant cost drivers. The study illustrates that for a comprehensive consideration of the costs induced by public CbCR for companies TCC must be taken into account.
Both, the place of management pursuant to para. 10 of the German Fiscal Code (AO) and the ma nagement permanent establishment pursuant to para. 12 sent. 2 no. 1 AO represent a key nexus for German taxation. However, there is extensive debate on how the terms "place of manage ment" under para. 10 AO and "site of management" under para. 12 sent. 2 no.1 AO can be distin guished. This article presents available theories regarding the systematic relationship between pa ra. 10 AO and para. 12 sent. 2 no. 1 AO and discusses these theories in case studies. In conclusion, sound reasons speak against the compulsory establishment of a management permanent estab lishment at the place of management. Thus, the establishment of a management permanent es tablishment requires the fulfillment ofadditional criteria, beyond those stipulated in para 10 AO.
The IDSt e.V. aims to advance digitalization in tax administration. The Advisory Committee VIII on Education and Training of the IDSt set out to identify the practical requirements. To achieve this, a questionnaire was developed based on expert interviews, targeting tax experts from various industries, tax consulting, and tax authorities. The questions addressed not only the desired skills but also the preferred methods of delivery.
The concept of ESG (economic, social, governance) factors has emerged to substantiate sustainability in financial markets. As a result, ESG risks are forming a new category of financing risks in connection with sustainable financial instruments and must be integrated into financial risk management. Consequently, reporting on ESG risks is also being enhanced in the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS), which concretizes the European Unions' Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD). Against this background, this article presents the results of an empirical study on the current status of mandatory risk reporting on the ESG-related risk management of DAX40-companies in 2022.
In the context of company acquisitions, as a result of the purchase price allocation in accordance with IFRS 3, there is extensive accounting policy leeway in the form of method options and scope forjudgement, which can also be used by decision-makers for the targeted structuring of the financial position, net assets and results of operations of the separate financial statements to be prepared in accordance with the applicable IFRS in order to achieve certain objectives of the acqui ring company. As recently published research results have shown, the use of an algorithmic model makes it possible to digitise the accounting policy of corporations and the audit of earnings-rela ted successes. Building on this, a decision model is developed below to capture accounting policy effects in initial and subsequent accounting, which is to be used by the management of listed stock corporations in the context of purchase price allocation for the design of separate financial statements (IFRS-EA) to be prepared for disclosure purposes in accordance with Section 325 (2a) HGB. This model can be integrated into approaches for the digitalisation of accounting policy, with the help of which simulations of the IFRS-EA after the company acquisition are already possible in the context of due diligence, taking into account accounting policy design alternatives.
Companies with their own art collection are constantly asking themselves whether and, ifso, how the artworks should be accounted for in the IFRS financial statements. Answers to this questions can only be found in the literature for national accounting. This article examines how a companys' art collection should be accounted for in IFRS financial statements and discusses possible accoun ting policy options.
