The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence provides new possibilities and more accessible methods for artistic creation. Classical poetry, as an important treasure of Chinese culture, possesses enduring cultural value and social significance, while also showing new prospects for inheritance and development in the digital era. The instrumental attributes of large AI models have lowered the threshold for classical poetry composition by providing standardized forms, creative inspiration, and textual materials, thereby stimulating broader participation in poetic creation. However, AI-generated classical poetry still shows limitations in content depth, emotional expression, aesthetic coherence, and cultural connotation. Therefore, the artistic subjectivity of human creators remains irreplaceable. With the continuous development of generative artificial intelligence and the refinement of human-computer collaboration models, the creation and inheritance of classical poetry may enter a new stage of development.
Purpose: Drawing on conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study investigates how benevolent sexism (BS) affects women’s career growth through the mediating mechanism of self-depletion, while examining the moderating role of employee mindfulness in mitigating the adverse effects of BS. Methods: Data were collected from 388 female employees across multiple industries in Chinese state-owned enterprises using a snowball sampling approach, with a response rate of 86.2%. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling and moderated mediation analysis with Mplus 8.3 and the SPSS PROCESS macro. Results: The findings demonstrate that BS negatively affects career growth both directly and indirectly by increasing self-depletion. Self-depletion serves as a significant mediator in the relationship between BS and career growth. In addition, employee mindfulness moderates the first stage of the mediated relationship, such that the indirect effect of BS on career growth through self-depletion is weaker when mindfulness is high. Conclusion: This study develops an integrated theoretical framework that explains how BS impedes women’s career growth through psychological resource depletion while identifying mindfulness as a protective psychological resource. The findings extend COR theory by revealing the resource-depleting nature of BS and demonstrating how mindfulness may help preserve psychological resources in response to workplace stressors. The study also provides a theoretical foundation for future research on additional mediating and moderating mechanisms and offers practical implications for organizational interventions.
This study aims to examine the role of local communities in building collective resilience in response to terrorist attacks on religious symbols. Drawing on structuration theory and social capital theory, it explores the complex relationship between community resilience and local wisdom in a post-terrorism context. The research was conducted in Solo, Indonesia, and involved 15 purposively selected participants, including religious leaders, interfaith community leaders, cultural practitioners, government officials, youth activists, and survivors. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation of cultural and interfaith activities, and analysis of policy documents and program archives. The data were then analyzed thematically using an interactive analysis model. The study identifies four main themes. First, local wisdom and cultural practices serve as the primary basis for restoring interfaith relations. Second, the structuration process occurs through collaboration between local agents, including the FRH, the Ministry of Religious Affairs, the city government, communities, young people, and universities, and institutional structures and religious moderation programs. Third, the revitalization of public space and cultural practices functions as a means of promoting peace, strengthening social trust, reducing the stigma of violence, and fostering a new habitus of tolerance, thereby enhancing social resilience. Fourth, challenges remain in sustaining community engagement in resilience-building efforts related to pluralism and interfaith dialogue. The study highlights the importance of a local wisdom-based social reconstruction approach in developing religious moderation policies and preventing extremism at the local level.
This scoping review examines the intersectional impact of religion and gender on health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa, with particular attention to their combined implications for health equity. Despite notable improvements in healthcare systems across the region, substantial disparities persist, particularly among marginalized populations. Existing scholarship has largely analysed religion, gender, and health outcomes in isolation, overlooking the complex and mutually reinforcing dynamics that shape lived health experiences. Drawing on intersectionality theory, this review synthesises peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2023 to explore how religious beliefs, gender norms, and structural inequalities interact to influence health behaviours, access to care, and overall well-being. The findings indicate that religion plays a dual role, acting both as a facilitator and as a barrier to positive health outcomes. Religious doctrines and leadership structures significantly influence health-seeking behaviour, attitudes toward medical interventions, and community perceptions of illness. At the same time, entrenched gender norms and roles continue to shape differential access to healthcare services, decision-making power, and exposure to health risks. The review highlights how individuals experiencing compounded vulnerabilities—particularly women in socioeconomically disadvantaged or religiously conservative contexts—face distinct and amplified health challenges. It further demonstrates the influential role of religious leaders in shaping community health practices and policy acceptance. By offering an integrated and intersectional synthesis, this study contributes to the fields of Public Health, Global Health, Health Policy, and Gender Studies. It advances current knowledge by demonstrating how sociocultural and religious structures interact with gender to sustain or mitigate health inequities in sub-Saharan Africa. The findings underscore the importance of engaging religious actors in health policy processes and designing culturally responsive, gender-sensitive interventions aimed at reducing persistent health disparities across underserved populations.
Purpose: This study is motivated by widespread resentment toward public–private partnerships (PPPs) in both scholarship and practice, despite the fact that sustainable service delivery depends on citizen consent. This study aimed to examine the application of the social license concept to PPPs and its significance. Methodology: This study is based on a thematic literature review designed to identify and analyze pathways through which PPPs secure a social license to operate. The analysis focuses on studies addressing stakeholder engagement, legitimacy, and public acceptance in PPP contexts, with the aim of synthesizing actionable principles for enhancing public trust and project legitimacy. Main findings: PPPs have been adopted as strategic procurement mechanisms, public‐policy instruments, and project‐delivery models; yet post‐implementation evaluations report mixed performance outcomes. A key reason for this variability is the failure of many PPPs to secure a social license to operate, which has at times provoked public dissent. Therefore, this study investigates how PPPs can obtain and maintain a social license to operate. Applications: Drawing on an extensive literature review, it identifies clear pathways for PPPs to enhance legitimacy, foster community consent, and increase “publicity” – all critical factors for their long‐term success. Novelty/Originality: this study contributes in articulating practical strategies for acquiring social license at a time when PPPs face growing opposition, despite their transformative potential for society. Keywords: Social license, public–private partnerships (PPP), community consent, infrastructure project legitimacy, stakeholder engagement, enhancing publicity, sustainable infrastructure delivery, citizen participation, social acceptance strategies.
Purpose: In pre-modern Vietnam, Confucianism played a central role in shaping historical writing and legitimizing political authority. This study examines how Confucian literature strategically incorporated dragon-and-king legends into official historiography to construct a sacralized image of kingship and reinforce dynastic legitimacy. It further aims to identify recurring narrative motifs to uncover the mechanisms through which political discourse operated via legendary texts. Methodology: Moving beyond the treatment of legends as mere folkloric elements, this study interprets them as instruments of power in the construction of collective memory and royal identity. Drawing on five official Vietnamese historical chronicles from the fifteenth to the twentieth century, the research identifies ten representative legends and analyses them through key Confucian doctrines, including the Mandate of Heaven, Rectification of Names, and cosmological omens. Main Findings: Three central motifs emerge: divine dragon lineage, dragon-protected rulers, and celestial signs of rightful rule. The findings reveal how the synthesis of Sinitic political thought and local belief systems generated a distinct mytho-political discourse, reflecting processes of intercultural adaptation in the construction of dynastic legitimacy and social order. Applications: The findings offer valuable insights for understanding the role of myth and narrative in state-building processes, particularly in contexts where cultural hybridity and political symbolism intersect. Novelty/Originality: This study is original in its interdisciplinary application of discourse analysis and Eric Hobsbawm’s theory of “invented traditions” to demonstrate how folk legends were reformulated, or even invented, by Confucian scholars to serve ideological ends. Keywords: Confucianism, invented traditions, Việt legends, intercultural interaction, political strategies.
The purpose of this research: is to examine how environmental sustainability performance moderates the health impacts of pollution in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with a focus on the role of sanitation, environmental justice, and clean energy access in mitigating the adverse effects of particulate and methane emissions. Methodology: Drawing on the World Bank World Development Indicators for 20 SSA economies over 2000–2023, we combine trend-based diagnostics with random effects panel regressions to estimate how the interaction between the Environmental Sustainability Rating (ESR) and major pollution channels shapes aggregate health outcomes. ESR is proxied through indices of environmental sanitation, enforcement of property rights over the ecological commons (environmental justice dimension), and household access to clean cooking energy. Main Findings: The results show that higher sanitation coverage, stronger ecological property rights, and expanded clean energy access significantly mitigate the adverse health impacts of particulate and methane emissions (p < 0.01). Heterogeneity analysis revealed that Egypt, Nigeria, and South Africa face markedly elevated methane-related morbidity relative to Madagascar, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda, after controlling for income, urbanization, and climatic variability. Scenario simulations indicate that a 10-percentage-point increase in clean cooking energy access could lower under-five mortality by 4.5 % within five years. Applications: Policy experimentation suggests that targeted household subsidies for renewable fuels, alongside nature-based solutions such as mandatory tree planting for minor environmental offenses, would yield rapid co-benefits for public health and decarbonization consistent with the One Health framework. Novelty/Originality: The study underscores the urgency of integrating environmental justice metrics into regional sustainability dashboards and of tailoring pollution control strategies to national emission profiles. These insights can inform the African Union’s Agenda 2063 and ongoing negotiations on an ambitious continent-wide methane abatement pledge in the coming decade. Keywords: Environmental sustainability rating (ESR), Pollution–health outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa, Methane emissions risk in Africa, Clean cooking energy access, Environmental Justice and Property , Rights, Health policy implications, Renewable energy subsidies for households, Panel data analysis 2000–2023.
The purpose of this research is to examine job stability, a crucial factor impacting employee well-being. Various subjective perceptions, such as those related to the minimum wage, purchasing power, and economic welfare, can influence the job stability of private-sector employees. This study aims to analyze the influence of minimum wage perception, purchasing power perception, and economic welfare perception on the job stability of private employees in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Methodology: This study employs a quantitative approach with a sample of 250 private employees in Yogyakarta, selected through random sampling. Data were analyzed using multiple regression and the SEM-PLS method. Main Findings: The results indicate that minimum wage perception significantly enhances job stability, whereas perceptions of purchasing power and economic welfare do not exert a significant influence. This suggests that private employees feel more secure in their jobs when they perceive the minimum wage as adequate, while their subjective assessments of broader economic conditions have less impact on stability. In conclusion, policies related to the minimum wage are more critical than perceptions of purchasing power or general economic welfare in sustaining job stability. Application: These findings can inform human resource strategies and public policy, particularly in regional labor planning and wage regulation, helping employers and policymakers design more effective employee retention programs. Novelty/Originality: This study presents a novel approach by integrating three perception-based variables (minimum wage, purchasing power, and economic welfare) to simultaneously assess their impact on job stability among private-sector employees. Unlike previous research that focuses on macroeconomic indicators such as unemployment or inflation, this study emphasizes subjective perceptions, an area that remains underexplored, particularly in the context of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Keywords: perception of minimum wage, purchasing power, economic well-being, job stability, private employees.
The COVID-19 pandemic prompted an unprecedented global shift towards online education, affecting over a billion students worldwide. In response, governments turned to digital platforms to ensure uninterrupted learning. Moroccan educators, too, navigated this transition, employing various technological tools to design and deliver virtual classes. This study aims to support future research, improve educational practices, and inform policy decisions by offering valuable insights into online education in Morocco. It also investigates the adaptive strategies used by Moroccan teachers during the COVID-19 outbreak, focusing on their pedagogical approaches and innovations in online instruction. Drawing from the theoretical framework of Online Collaborative Learning (OCL), data was collected through an online survey questionnaire administered to 842 teachers across different regions of Morocco. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was utilized for data analysis. The results illuminate the diverse strategies teachers employ to engage students in the virtual classroom, shedding light on effective practices that emerged amidst the challenges posed by the pandemic. This paper contributes valuable insights into the dynamic landscape of online education in Morocco, highlighting the innovative approaches adopted by educators during the pandemic. By understanding and documenting these strategies, educational stakeholders, policymakers, and future digital learning initiatives can better support and enhance online teaching practices for future academic challenges. Keywords: Online Learning, Distance Teaching and Learning, Teacher Preparedness, Online Assessment, Student Engagement, Moroccan Teachers.
The purpose of this research: This study aims to develop an Early Intervention Guideline for parents to improve the social skills of their children with ASD in Jordan. The issue covered in this study is very crucial as it focuses on a sample of people who may lack the care from others because they need special care. Methodology: An experimental quantitative research design was chosen. Using a random sampling method, 60 families of children with ASD were chosen for this study. A self-developed questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics via SPSS. Main Findings: The results revealed a moderate level of agreement among the parents relating to the needs of the family for guidance for early intervention (M=2.39, SD= 0.94) to improve the children’ communication skill (M=1.75, SD=0.76) and the social skills (M=1.57, SD=0.61). The result of the effectiveness before the Early Intervention Guideline intervention was lower (M=1.89, SD=0.63), than after the training (M=2.39, SD=0.94). The communication skills showed an increase after the training (M=1.75, SD= 0.76). The child’s social skills showed an improvement after training (M=0.93, SD=0.47) compared to the development of the child’s skills before training (M=0.93, SD=0.55). Applications: These results indicated the necessity of conducting early intervention programs for families of children with ASD to improve their social and communication skills. Novelty/Originality: This study is new as it designs a comprehensive guideline for Arabic parents of children with ASD in Arabic to improve the social skills of the children. This study is very useful for other centers that take care of other disabled children, such as children with deaf and hearing impairment. This study is applied in Arabic; hence, any Arabic disabled center can use these results to achieve a high degree of communication with disabled children. Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), early intervention, guideline, parents, social skills, Jordan.
This study systematically examines the influence of design thinking in South African higher education, emphasizing its role in enhancing problem-solving and creativity among diverse stakeholder groups. The research aims to explore how design thinking addresses complex educational challenges and to identify strategies for its effective integration into academic contexts. The novelty of this study lies in its context-specific approach, providing a comprehensive synthesis of literature that highlights the unique socio-economic, cultural, and institutional dynamics of South Africa. Unlike previous research, this review not only maps the theoretical and practical applications of design thinking but also proposes actionable recommendations tailored to the South African higher education sector. The findings underscore design thinking’s potential to foster innovation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and inclusive pedagogical practices, thereby contributing to the transformation of higher education in the region. Keywords: Design Thinking, Higher Education, Problem-Solving, Creativity, Innovation, South Africa, Curriculum Development.
The purpose of this research: is to examine the complex interplay of consent, coercion, and compassion in shaping the lived experiences and responses of trafficked women — a pervasive global issue with profound human rights and social implications. Methodology: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive and systematic literature search was conducted, resulting in the inclusion of 33 peer-reviewed articles published between 2020 and 2024. Records were identified through multiple academic databases, screened for eligibility, and evaluated against predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A qualitative synthesis focused on the factors that entrap women in human trafficking networks and the continuum between perceived voluntary participation and coercive circumstances. Main Findings: The findings reveal that sociocultural determinants, including economic vulnerability, gendered power imbalances, and institutionalized coercion, critically facilitate the recruitment and retention of women in trafficking contexts. Identified rehabilitation strategies include trauma-informed care, comprehensive legal assistance, and community-based reintegration programs. This review highlights the critical need to balance accountability mechanisms for perpetrators with survivor-centered, compassion-based support systems for victims. Applications: These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and advocacy groups seeking to develop more effective, victim-sensitive anti-trafficking interventions and support frameworks. Novelty/Originality: This review contributes a novel conceptual lens by critically analyzing the blurred boundaries between consent and coercion, and by emphasizing the role of compassion as both a protective and empowering factor in the recovery and reintegration of trafficked women, as this aspect remains underexplored in existing literature. Keywords: Human trafficking, trafficked women, consent, coercion continuum, compassionate care, trauma-informed rehabilitation; socioeconomic vulnerability, gender-based power imbalances; survivor support interventions; legal assistance strategies; community-bas.
Purpose: This study aims to explore emerging trends in Muslim women’s leadership, identify structural and cultural barriers and enablers, and propose context-sensitive strategies to enhance their leadership potential in Pattani Province, Thailand. Methodology: A qualitative research design was employed, involving document analysis and in-depth interviews with 15 key informants from diverse community and organizational backgrounds. Main Findings: The findings reveal a promising transformation: Muslim women are increasingly engaging in public life, supported by growing social acceptance, expanding grassroots networks, and shifting attitudes particularly among the younger generation. These dynamics suggest a gradual erosion of long-standing barriers. Nevertheless, persistent challenges such as patriarchal norms and the dual burden of domestic responsibilities—continue to constrain their full participation in leadership roles. Application: The study proposes a multi-level approach to strengthen women’s leadership: individual-level capacity building through culturally grounded leadership training; community-based initiatives that foster peer support networks and safe spaces for expression; and policy-level reforms to institutionalize support via dedicated leadership centers and gender-responsive budgeting. These recommendations are designed to amplify the voices and agency of Muslim women as key agents of change in Pattani’s peacebuilding and development processes. Novelty/Originality: This qualitative study offers a novel examination of Muslim women’s leadership in Pattani Province a conflict-affected region shaped by cultural conservatism and gendered constraints. Unlike prior research focused on security or religious discourse, this study centers on women’s lived experiences and the socio-cultural shifts enabling their participation in governance, contributing a stakeholder-centered perspective to the literature. Keywords: Muslim women, Leadership, Pattani, Gender equality, Community development.
This study examines the emerging right to disconnect in the digital workplace by comparing the legal frameworks in France, Belgium, Spain, Italy and Australia, and assesses the need for similar protection in Vietnamese law. These countries were selected as they represent diverse legal traditions (civil law and common law) and have enacted right to disconnect legislation. Using a comparative legal analysis method based on primary law sources, this study examines that France and Belgium require enterprises to issue internal agreements or regulations on the right to disconnect; Spain and Italy combine this right with data protection and flexible working regulations; while Australia clearly stipulates the right to refuse out-of-hours communications in law, along with dispute resolution mechanisms and sanctions. In contrast, the 2019 Vietnamese Labor Code does not recognize the right to disconnect or restrict out-of-hours communications. Based on best practices, the author proposes recommendations for Vietnam to define the right to disconnect, clarify exceptions, align overtime compensation with KPI systems, and embed sanctions for non‑compliance. The novelty of this study lies in integrating recent Australian legal reforms into a cross-system comparative analysis, thereby proposing a model that is appropriate to the legal context and corporate culture in Vietnam. The findings can inform Vietnamese policymakers in drafting effective statutory provisions and better protect the mental health of workers, improve the effectiveness of human resource management, and approach international labor law trends. Keywords: right to disconnect, comparative, policy recommendations.
Background: Strategic leaders play a pivotal role in navigating organisational crises; however, limited research has examined how such leaders in South Africa’s business schools foster academic resilience, particularly during complex and prolonged crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This qualitative study aimed to investigate how strategic leadership in a selected South African business school influenced institutional activities and strategic direction during the pandemic, with the goal of sustaining academic continuity and resilience. Methods: This descriptive study employed a qualitative research design, drawing on an interpretive, subjective approach to capture participants’ lived experiences. Six experienced academic leaders from a South African business school were purposively selected. Data were collected through semi-structured virtual interviews and analysed thematically. Results: Findings indicate that strategic leadership shaped institutional activities and strategic direction through several mechanisms: strategic thinking, a holistic transition of teaching and learning from face-to-face to online modalities, agile resource mobilisation and utilisation, transparent strategic communication, and fostering multi-level strategic commitment during the COVID-19 crisis. Conclusion: Overall, resilience manifested primarily as reactive, with strategic leaders facilitating coping and adaptive capacities rather than proactive measures prior to the pandemic. The study underscores that effective crisis response depends on strong strategic leadership, reinforced by the commitment of tactical and operational leadership. Moreover, the findings highlight the critical role of internal and external stakeholders in managing crises and safeguarding organisational resilience during and beyond such events. It is recommended that leadership development practitioners adopt an integrative approach to cultivate the multidimensional influences of strategic leaders and strengthen three key resilience capabilities—anticipation, coping, and adaptation—to proactively enhance academic resilience in business schools during times of crisis. Directions for future research are also identified. Keywords: Strategic Leadership, Resilience, South Africa, COVID-19, Academic Leaders.
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance has become a core strategic concern for firms worldwide due to tightening regulatory pressures, evolving stakeholder expectations, and the urgency of sustainable development. This study investigates the microfoundations of ESG performance (ESGP) by examining how internal organizational behavior and incentive contracts shape ESG outcomes, and how these effects are conditioned by the external green/digital political economy. The empirical analysis relies on an unbalanced panel of 325 listed companies from multiple countries over the period 2020–2024. ESGP scores serve as the dependent variable, while indicators of organizational behavior and incentive contracts constitute the main explanatory variables. Using descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression, and moderated regression within a fixed-effects framework, we estimate the impacts of internal drivers and their interaction with the green/digital policy context. The results show that incentive contracts exert a strong positive effect on ESGP (β = 0.42, p < 0.01), while organizational behavior has a moderately positive impact (β = 0.28, p < 0.05). Crucially, the interaction between incentive contracts and the green/digital index is also positive and significant (β = 0.35, p < 0.01), indicating a substantive moderating effect of the external political economy. The overall model fit suggests substantial explanatory power, underscoring that micro-level governance mechanisms yield stronger improvements in ESG outcomes when embedded in supportive green/digital regulatory environments. These findings imply that firms adopting structured incentive systems and participatory behavioral models are better positioned to enhance ESG performance, particularly in jurisdictions with robust green and digital policy frameworks. Keywords: ESG performance; organizational behavior; incentive contracts; green political economy; corporate governance; structural equation modeling (SEM).
Government R&D subsidies are a key policy instrument for promoting innovation among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), yet their effectiveness in revitalizing marginal or zombie firms remains conceptually contested and empirically insufficiently understood. This study addresses this gap by examining the differential effects of government R&D support on the financial and technological performance of 882 marginal firms in South Korea over the period 2012–2018. Using probit and Poisson regression models, we find that government R&D subsidies exert no statistically significant influence on financial performance indicators such as sales growth, but have a positive and statistically significant effect on technological performance, measured by the generation of domestic and foreign patents. This study makes four main contributions. First, by jointly analyzing financial and technological outcomes, we identify heterogeneous effects of R&D subsidies on marginal firms and show that technological capabilities may persist even under conditions of prolonged financial distress. Second, we challenge “all-or-nothing” policy narratives that depict marginal firms as uniformly unproductive, demonstrating instead that a subset of these firms possesses latent innovative capacity that responds positively to targeted public support. Third, we advance a refined theoretical framework that helps reconcile mixed findings in prior research, arguing that limited absorptive capacity and structural market barriers constrain the commercial translation of innovation while leaving technological innovation pathways relatively intact. Fourth, we derive concrete policy implications by advocating for the development of integrated inter-ministerial information systems to identify and monitor marginal firms with genuine R&D potential, thereby enhancing the efficiency of resource allocation and reducing the risk of indiscriminate subsidization of persistently unproductive enterprises. Overall, our findings support a shift from uniform to differentiated innovation policy, prioritizing firms with credible recovery prospects and demonstrable innovative capacity. In doing so, the study offers a more nuanced understanding of how public R&D investment can catalyze sustainable innovation among SMEs operating at the margins of economic viability, with broader implications for innovation policy design in both emerging and advanced economies. Keywords: R&D subsidies; Government R&D support; Marginal firms; Zombie firms; Financial performance; Technological performance; Patent output; Innovation performance; Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs); Absorptive capacity; Innovation policy; Public support programs; Firm-level innovation; Distressed enterprises; South Korea.
This study examines how gender is negotiated within the informal labour market of street vending and how such participation contributes to the economic and social empowerment of Indigenous women street vendors in Guwahati City, Northeastern India. Methodology: The research adopts a qualitative case study design complemented by descriptive survey methods. Empirical data were collected through a structured survey of 60 Indigenous women street vendors and 30 in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted in Guwahati over an eight-month period in 2022. Open-ended research questions and an interview schedule were used to elicit detailed life histories, work trajectories, and experiences of negotiation in public space. The analysis focuses on the feminisation of informal work and the intersection of gender, indigeneity, and informality in the urban economy. Main Findings: The findings indicate that street vending constitutes a crucial source of income, financial autonomy, and socio-economic mobility for Indigenous women, enabling them to contribute to household decision-making and improve their social standing. At the same time, these women continue to face pervasive structural barriers, including insecure work conditions, limited access to basic amenities and social protection, harassment and discrimination in public spaces, and ambiguous or exclusionary regulatory frameworks. The study shows that women rely on informal social networks, collective strategies, and everyday negotiations with authorities and male actors in the market to sustain their livelihoods. Applications: The results provide evidence to inform gender-sensitive urban planning and labour policies that formally recognise street vendors as workers and integrate them into inclusive regulatory and social protection regimes. The study can guide local governments, NGOs, and community-based organisations in designing interventions that improve working conditions, enhance access to infrastructure and services, and strengthen Indigenous women’s bargaining power in informal markets. It also offers insights for scholars and policymakers concerned with gender, informality, and urban development in other developing-country contexts. Novelty/Originality: This study offers an empirically grounded analysis of Indigenous women street vendors in Northeastern India an under-researched region in the literature on gender and the informal economy. By foregrounding Indigenous women’s own narratives and negotiation strategies, the article advances understanding of how feminist and intersectional dynamics operate within informal labour markets and urban public spaces. It contributes original evidence on the dual processes of feminisation and marginalisation in informal work, while demonstrating how informal street vending can simultaneously reproduce vulnerability and serve as a pathway to economic and social empowerment. Keywords: women street vendors; Indigenous women; urban informal economy; women’s economic empowerment; gender and labour; Guwahati City; Northeast India.
Preschool education constitutes the foundation of children’s academic and socio-emotional development, and preschool teachers play a critical role in shaping these early learning experiences. This study investigates the relationships between Job Satisfaction (JS), Work Engagement (WE), and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) among preschool teachers, with particular attention to underlying mediating mechanisms. A total of 408 preschool teachers participated in a questionnaire survey. The instrument demonstrated strong content validity and excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.962). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to assess the overall model fit and to estimate the direct and indirect effects among the constructs. In the proposed model, OCB is specified as the outcome variable, JS as the primary antecedent, and WE, Psychological Empowerment (PE), and Emotional Intelligence (EI) as key mediators. JS exerted substantial positive effects on WE (β = 0.621), PE (β = 0.538), and EI (β = 0.492). In turn, WE (β = 0.683), PE (β = 0.318), and EI (β = 0.294) significantly predicted OCB. Indirect effect estimates confirmed the mediating roles of WE, PE, and EI in the relationship between JS and OCB. The findings underscore the centrality of JS and the importance of enhancing WE, PE, and EI to foster positive discretionary behaviors among preschool teachers and to strengthen organizational functioning in early childhood education settings. Keywords: job satisfaction (JS); work engagement (WE); organizational citizenship behavior (OCB); preschool teachers (PSTs); psychological empowerment (PE); emotional intelligence (EI); mediating mechanisms; teacher motivation).
The study evaluates the current status of direct labour resources in Vietnam’s coastal fisheries sector, with a focus on both workforce quantity and quality, and identifies key challenges constraining labour supply. Empirically, it examines workers engaged in aquaculture and marine capture activities in coastal communities of Quang Ngai province, a major economic hub in the country’s central coastal region. The results reveal substantial labour market pressures in coastal fisheries. Although fisheries workers account for an average of 6.5% of the local labour force, demand for labour remains under-satisfied, hindering stable production and productivity gains. A pronounced labour shortage is particularly evident in Quang Ngai. Among 91 surveyed aquaculture households, 77 (84.62%) reported difficulties in recruiting workers. The situation is even more severe in fishing households, where 108 out of 138 (78.26%) reported labour shortages. These findings underscore the need for targeted policy measures and support mechanisms to mitigate labour constraints in coastal fisheries. The study provides an evidence base for designing and implementing sustainable human-resource strategies in Vietnam’s coastal fisheries and tourism sectors, in line with the national development vision to 2030 and outlook to 2040. Keywords: labour resources; coastal fisheries; fisheries industry; Quang Ngai; Vietnam.
