Seasonal variations of water condensation were studied in the Výpustek Cave (Moravian Karst). Microclimatic data such as cave / external air temperatures and visitor numbers were monitored in the Škrapový Chamber and exterior with an hour step during the almost seasonal monitoring campaign. The water condensation data were recorded at monthly intervals using a polished limestone tablet located in the monitored chamber near the thermometers. Long-term monitoring showed that the temperature of the cave air was controlled by the cave airflows driven by the temperature difference between the exterior and the cave, DTAF. The anthropogenic temperature appeared as the peaks superimposed onto the natural cave air temperatures and corresponded to the number of visitors. A seasonality of water condensation based on cave airflows was identified: a completely dry surface of the limestone tablet during the UAF mode and drops of the condensed water on the tablet surface in the DAF mode. As a consequence of the dissolution by condensed water, the traces of calcite recrystallization were found on the tablet surface.
The Carboniferous limestones from the Brañes site in northwestern Spain contain dark, often doubly terminated authigenic quartz crystals. Optical microscopy and fluid inclusion studies of quartz crystals provide insights into the formation and thermal history of the surrounding limestones. The core of quartz crystals has been formed by filling voids created through the dissolution of sulphate. The morphology of the quartz crystals supportsthis interpretation. The primary and pseudosecondary fluid inclusions within external zones in these quartz crystals are mostly two-phase, consisting of aqueous liquid and a vapor bubble. Cryometric measurements show an initial melting temperature (Tfm) of approximately −50 °C, with melting temperatures (Tmice) ranging from −18.1 °C to −21.8 °C and −42.4 °C to −45.0 °C, respectively. These melting temperatures indicate highsalinity, estimated between 20 mass% and 29 mass% CaCl2 equivalent. The homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions range from 60 °C to 147 °C, and suggest that the external zones of the quartz crystals were formed during peak temperature conditions of diagenesis in the Early Permian period.
Rock towers are in the Moravian Karst quite a rare phenomenon. The biggest group of seven is situated west of the Holštejn village near the Vaňous walls in the half blind valley of the Bílá voda stream. Surrounding area is made up of the Vilémovice Limestone of Frasnian age, which are folded into SW steeply inclined folds with subhorizontal fold axes, very gently dipping towards SSE. Three systems of cleavage were detected in the locality. The most prominent cleavage system K0 is NE–SW striking moderately dipping towards SW. Based on the orientation, it is likely that this system is the axial cleavage of the main folds. The other two cleavage systems are K1 and K2, which have very similar orientation. Both are W–E striking, dipping towards S, K2 is slightly steeper than K1. All rock towers show signs of toppling. This was proven via an orientation analysis of the two cleavage systems K1 and K2. More traditional bedding planes could not have been used, because there were none detected in any of the towers and because they are folded, they would be unreliable anyway. These two cleavage systems have an almost constant angle of 16° ±4° between them and can be therefore used as a rotation gauge instead. The rotation angle of these towers increases more or less systematically downslope up to 20°. The mean rotation axes for both cleavages are the same and have a very similar orientation as the NNE–SSW striking fault. Two structures control this toppling: the NNE–SSW striking fault system, which is the main subvertical separation plane of the towers forming a pronounced crest above the towers and bedding planes generally dipping gently towards E, which served as a “basal” plane of the limestones block on which they toppled. Opening of fault planes was detected also in the Sonda pod Jedničkou cave system located SW of the rock towers in the same slope. This, in combination with several small warm air exhalation spots near the crest around the rock towers, suggests quite a deep reach of the slope deformation (40 meters). This was possible because the Bílá voda stream valley was originally empty with much higher and steeper slopes than today and was subsequently filled by Quaternary sediments.
A new occurrence of a mineral of the synchysite group was identified in a hydrothermal vein in the limestone quarry of the cement plant at the Hranice town (Moravo-Silesian Palaeozoic, Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic). The vein is formed by two chemically distinct generations of calcite (Cal97-100Rdc0-2Sid0-1), Fe-rich dolomite (Dol65-75Ank21-31Ktn2-6), quartz, pyrite and chalcopyrite. The synchysite-group mineral forms microscopic inclusions hosted by Fe,Mn-enriched calcite associated with pyrite and chalcopyrite. Since Ce predominates within the sum of REE+Y and the contents of F are low (0.14–0.29 apfu), the mineral can be classified as hydroxylsynchysite-(Ce). Chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns show a decrease from La to Er and a distinct positive Eu anomaly. The LaCN/SmCN ratios of the mineral (1.51–2.49) are different from those of the host limestones (2.81–3.14). Similar discrepancy is observed also in case of two other synchysite occurrences from area of the Moravo-Silesian Palaeozoic hosted by Culmian siliciclastic sediments. Therefore, the exact source of REE cannot be identified on the basis of determined elemental ratios only. The fractionation of REE during synchysite crystallization was mostly negligible at all three above-mentioned sites, which suggests a low content of strong REE-complexing ligands (i.e., F-, OH-, or CO32-) in the fluids and a dominant role of weak ligands (i.e., Cl-, SO42-,HCO3-). The positive Eu anomaly indicates an increase of redox potential of fluids, but not up to strongly oxidizing conditions (as Ce anomaly is absent). The fluoride ions could act as a depositional anion, allowing the precipitation of REE into a mineral phase. The given parameters (chloride solutions, geochemically open system, mixing of brines with other types of fluids) reflect well the features of hydrothermal system of post-Variscan mineralizations, which is also consistent with mineral composition of veins at all discussed sites.
This study presents the mineralogical and textural characteristics of deposits of turbidity currents containing amber from the Beloveža Formation, located in the Bystrica Unit near the village of Študlov. Based on optical and microprobe analyses, the translucent heavy minerals present in the sandstone consist of 40% tourmaline, 25% zircon, and 15% garnet. Other heavy minerals are found in minor quantities, including spinel, staurolite, amphibole, apatite, members of the epidote group, kyanite, rutile, monazite, and barite. The chemical composition of the garnet has a range from pyrope to grossular-rich grains.Dominated almandine-rich garnets with a higher content of the pyrope component (Alm59–73 Prp21–38 Grs0–7 Sps2 Adr0–2), which is typical for most Cretaceous and Paleogene sediments in the Magura Sedimentary Basin. Additionally, the chemical composition of the spinelides suggests a contribution of materials from supra-subduction geotectonic settings and crustal metamorphic rocks. Tourmaline is derived from metamorphosed sediments and peraluminous granites, typical of the continental crust.The chemical composition of the translucent heavy minerals in the studied sandstone sample indicates that the Southern Magura Ridge is the primary source of the sedimentary material. Chromium-rich spinels and pyrope-rich garnets indicate the presence of mafic to ultramafic, supra-subduction, or mantle rocks in the source region. The presence of coal and amber indicates the likely contribution of materials from forest-covered regions located to the south, specifically in the exposed areas of the active Western Carpathian accretionary wedge.
Sedimentological study of the deposits at the locality near Nové Bránice provides data about Eggenburgian–Ottnangian deposits of the Carpathian Foredeep basin in the area. Altogether 9 lithofacies have been identified and deposits of the two facies associations/ depositional environment have been recognised in the outcrop. The first one is represented by deposits of the fluvial channel formed by traction currents of poorly confined waterflows. In-channel bedforms (2D and 3D gravelly and sandy dunes) represent their prominent part. Braided fluvial style is supposed with important role of variation in fluvial discharge. Paleocurrent data signalises transport towards SE, S or SSW. The deposits of the second facies associations (covering the deposits of the first facies association) are interpreted as proximal overbank deposits related to flood events with important role of aggradation.Provenance analysis of the fluvial deposits is based on the evaluation of petrography of pebbles, transparent heavy mineral assemblages, composition of garnet and rutile, and zircon studies). The assessment of the gamma-ray spectra provides supplementary data. An important role of relatively local sources has been recognised represented dominantly by local granitoids and metamorphics of the Brno Massif (primary source). The role of the next crystalline complexes (Moldanubicum, Moravian Zone) in provenance was minor. Moreover, a role of intense reworking and redeposition of material from older deposits (as recycled secondary source) is supposed. Studied fluvial system continued towards the centre of the peripheral foreland basin.
For understanding the structure of the Earth‘s crust, field surveys and the collection of localized data are crucial, such as compass measurements of oriented structures, detecting lithological boundaries and distinguishing types of lithology. In addition to these traditional methods, a detailed digital elevation model (DEM) created through airborne laser scanning is becoming a new foundation and guide for understanding geological structures, with ever-increasing levels of detail. To enable the analysis of these structural elements taking advantage of geographical information systems (GIS) and using established structural geology methods (such as orientation analysis, geological cross-section construction, down-plunge method, or three-point method), new tools were developed within the GeoSol add-in for ArcGIS Pro. GeoSol uses the position of three points belonging to a single lithological boundary or fault plane to calculate the plane‘s orientation (dip direction and dip) and sketches the intersection line of this plane with the DEM. Slope and shaded (illuminated) models derived from DEM are helpful to determine the position of outcrops, but also subtler morphological manifestations of layering with varying erosion resistence, which can reveal the presence of tectonic processes such as folds or faults. GeoSol can also construct cross sections and intersect structural planes with it. Also other available surface or boreholedata can be projected on the plane of cross section.The GeoSol add-in thus combines the advantages of GIS with structural analysis methods, facilitating the construction of geological maps.
A new road cut near Starý Jičín in the external part of the Carpathian Flysch has revealed a tectonic slice with a complex internal structure interpreted as a duplex involving different formations of the Silesian and Subsilesian units. The Silesian Unit includes black pelites of the Hradiště Formation (Barremian–Aptian) and volcanic rocks of the Teschenite Association. The Subsilesian Unit is represented by grey claystones (Cenomanian), clays and paraconglomerates of the Frýdek Formation (Campanian), and claystones with calcareous sandstones of the Frýdlant Formation (Paleocene). Certain Albian and Cenomanian markers species of agglutinated foraminifers were recorded in small quantities already in the Aptian sediments. Hence, the partial-range zones based on deep-sea agglutinated foraminifers, originally proposed by Geroch and Nowak (1984), should be redefined as acme zones.
Miocénne sedimenty na úpätí Malých Karpát bývajú častokrát veľmi bohaté na fosílie,napriek tomu dočasné odkryvy často nebývajú zdokumentované. V práci predstavujemevýsledky získané zo záchranných prác z už nejestvujúceho odkryvu jz. od obce Dubová,ktorý vznikol vďaka stavebnej činnosti. Veľmi podrobne sme zdokumentovali faunu a flórumarginálnych morských sedimentov vrchného bádenu (spodný seraval) nanoplanktónovejzóny NN6 a ekobiozóny Ammonia beccarii, ktorá je laterálnym ekvivalentom zónybulimino/bolivínovej. Na základe diverzifikovanej asociácie vápnitého nanoplanktónu,dierkavcov, koralov, mäkkýšov a machoviek interpretujeme zmeny paleoprostredia počassedimentácie. Aj v krátkom časovom úseku, ktorý reprezentoval profil s hrúbkou 2,5 m, smeodhalili rôzne typy paleoekologického prostredia, ktoré boli ovplyvnené zmenami salinity,prínosom živín a dynamikou vodného prostredia. V celom profile predpokladáme veľmiplytkovodné prostredie, maximálne do 40 m, striedanie epizód s nízkym obsahom kyslíka(prevaha zástupcov rodu Ammonia), ktoré vznikali pravdepodobne v závislosti od energieprostredia. Salinita sa počas sedimentácie menila postupne od morskej, dokumentovanejschránkami dierkavcov (Elphidium, Borelis) a machoviek Cupuladria a Reusirella, pohyposalínnu dokumentovanú mäkkýšmi rodov Vitta a Pustulosia smerom do nadložia.Vodný stĺpec dokumentuje príbrežné prostredie vonkajšieho šelfu, vysoká abundancia redepozitovvápnitého nanoplanktónu kriedového a paleogénneho veku umožňuje uvažovaťo riečnych prínosoch paleo-Váhu.
Jarosite was identified for the first time in the metalydite of the Bystrý potok Formation ofthe Gelnica Group in the Southern Gemeric Unit of the Western Carpathians (Slovakia) atthe locality Betliar-Turecká. In metalydite, jarosite forms granular aggregates with smalltabular to pseudocubic crystals, occurring as pseudomorphs after pyrite or as crystalswithin muscovite interlayers. Pyrite was not preserved in the studied metalydite as it wascompletely replaced by secondary jarosite. Pyrite is present as an accessory mineral in theaccompanying graphitic-muscovite phyllites, locally in the metalydite. The sulphur necessaryfor jarosite formation comes from the breakdown of pyrite, while the source of potassiumis muscovite. During the supergene process, low pH fluids attack muscovite, releasing K+needed for jarosite formation. Chemical composition investigated by EPMA and based onthe Raman spectroscopy showed that, jarosite is typical with dominant Fe3+ in the intervalof 2.86–2.97 apfu and K+ in the range of 0.76–0.94 apfu. It contains minor amounts of Na+up to 0.13 apfu, H3O+ up to 0.11 apfu, As5+ up to 0.08 apfu and Pb2+ up to 0.01 apfu. Thesource of sodium in the jarosite is probably derived from muscovite, as no feldspars or clayminerals have been identified in the metalydite. The arsenic in the jarosite is probably sourcedfrom arsenic-rich pyrite, while the source of lead may be attributed to galena, relatedto hydrothermal processes within nearby metamorphic manganese mineralization. Thephosphorus in the jarosite likely originates from accessory apatite, which is found withinthe surrounding acidic metavolcanoclastics and phyllites that host the metalydite horizons.
Acidic metavolcanites from vicinity of Táborské skály in Zlaté Hory Ore District (Silesia,Czech Republic) were identified as metamorhosed equivalents of rhyolites or alkali-rhyolites,based on their modal composition and also on major and trace element analyses. Majorelements composition of so-called „problematic“ siliceous rocks, accompanying acidicmetavolcanites resembles more closely chemistry of sedimentary rocks, but their trace elementpattern is virtually identical with investigated metarhyolites; they probably representstrongly altered volcanogenic (probably pyroclastic) rocks. Trace element distribution inacidic metavolcanites is comparable with A-type granites. Based on A-type affinity of studiedrocks and position of their analyses in geotectonic discrimination plots after Pearce et al.(1984), confinement of volcanism to divergent geotectonic environment is the most probable.
Chromian illite-magnesite-dolomite-quartz rock (listvenite-like) containing Ni-Co mineralization was found in the Svratka orthogneisses from the Dřínová quarry. The main rock-forming minerals are Fe-rich magnesite, Fe-rich dolomite, Cr-illite and quartz, less frequently calcite. Accessory minerals include chromite (with 0.841–0.886 apfu Fe2+ and 1.642–1.742 apfu Cr), gersdorffite-cobaltite (Ni0.45-0.92Fe0.01-0.34Co0.01-0.34As0.83-1.02Sb0.00-0.03S1), sulfides (pyrite, sphalerite), and apatite. The illite from the Dřínová quarry contains up to 3 wt. % of Cr2O3. Presence of the Cr-illite, accesory chromite, and Ni-Co sulfoarsenides represents origin from ultrabasic protolith, reflecting transformation to phyllosilicatecarbonate-quartz listvenite.
Corkite, a Pb-Fe dominant member of the alunite supergroup, was found in the oxidation zone of the stratiform base metal deposit Zlaté Hory-Východ (Silesia, Czech Republic). It forms yellow-green coatings composed of microscopic botryoidal and globular aggregates in association with anglesite, cerusite, roentgenamorphic Mn-Pb oxides and plumbojarosite (which forms the cores of corkite aggregates but also occurs separatelly as cinnamon-brown coatings composed of microscopic rhomboedric crystals) in the cavities of quartz-limonite material. These aggregates are in polished section strongly zonal with a core made up of plumbojarosite with approx. 14 mol. % of (PO4)3- anion at structural position T and the peripheral parts made up of corkite. The chemical composition of corkite, determined by WDX microanalyses, is in relativelly good agreement with its theoretical formula, the anion sites are equally occupied by (SO4)2- and (PO4)3- groups or (SO4)2- slightly predominates. The arsenate anion is present only in trace amounts (below 0,01 apfu) which corresponds to the practical absence of As minerals in the primary ores of Zlaté Hory ore district. Problematic is the presence of silicium in all analyses which could be attributed either to anisomineral admixture or to the presence of (SiO4)4- at the anionic site of corkite structure. Analyses recalculated on the basis of two anion groups show excess of cations at both cation sites which could be due to the presence of unanalysed components at the anion site (probably (CO3)2- group. Structural position D is occupied virtually only by Pb with only subordinate amount of K. Substitution of Fe by Al at G site is very limited, Al together with Cu and Zn content is only minor. X-ray powder diffraction patterns (major lines 3.060 Å (100); 5.918 Å (75); 2.250 Å (47); 2.528 Å (34)) and calculated unit cell parameters of studied corkite are in good agreement with published data (Giuseppetti and Tadini 1987; Sato et al. 2009).
The Úsobrno locality is known on the basis of fossil fauna findings, which were documented and published by Vašíček (1941). Field research has not been able to find the original locality yet. In this reason paleontological material which is deposited in the collections of ÚGV PřF MU was researched. We identified a total of 573 species which belonged mainly to the classes Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Anthozoa and Scaphopoda and compared with the original findings mentioned by Vašíček (1941). The age of the samples was determined to be the Lower Badenian.Based on the findings, especially hermatypal corals, it can be assumed that the sea was warm (above 20 °C), well oxygenated with a soft and hard bottom and mostly shallow. Some findings of fauna from deeper marine areas (Ranella fragment, ahermatypal corals) indicate mixing or postmortem transport during sedimentation.
Fluvial archives are a rich source of information about the environmental impact of the local industry in the past. This research is focused on Holocene fluvial sediments that were excavated in the area of Křenová Street in Brno, Czech Republic. The area was researched during the rescue archaeological excavations, which unearthed the defunct Svitava river channel and its banks together with wooden constructions and archaeological artifacts from the 13th to the 16th century. Three profiles were documented and lithostratigraphically described. Samples for the palaeoecological and chemical analyses and granulometry were taken from the excavated trench S11. The finding of the rivers´ point bar and the shape of the riverbed allowed us to determine that the river was meandering. Analysed pollen profile of the medieval riverbed shows species-rich vegetation in close proximity of the medieval town and progressing urbanization. Results from chemical analyses shows that the area was not significantly polluted. The source of most of the probable contamination were surrounding sumps, as is indicated by slightly elevated concentrations of phosphorus in the sediments.
Several ponds were built in the vicinity of the city of Zábřeh (Czech Republic) during the 15th century, all of which disappeared over time, leaving only one (Oborník) that survived to the present day. Currently, the only proof of the existence of these ponds in the landscape are the dams, preserved in varying degrees of quality. Another potential proof of the presence of ponds is pond sediment, the existence and extent of which are the subject of this text. The abandoned Leštinský pond, located to the east of Zábřeh, was chosen for this research. This pond was only captured on the maps from the 1st military mapping, it is no longer depicted on newer maps. Its presence is indicated by a partially preserved dam, which is not very distinct in the landscape but is visible in Lidar images. The pond sediments were investigated through a combination of geological survey (shallow boreholes) and geophysical prospecting (electrical resistivity tomography and ground penetrating radar). A total of 5 drill cores were taken on which magnetic susceptibility, grain size, geochemical composition and spectral reflectance were measured. Four facies were identified based on the lithology and the used analyses. These facies are interpreted as a recent soil (facie P1), pond sediment (facie R) and buried alluvial soil developed on fluvial sediments (facie P2) and coarse-grained sands (facie F). The data from geophysical survey correlates with boreholes lithology and extends this information spacially. Above all, ground penetrating radar (GPR) of facie RF3, interpreted as the base of pond sediments, can be easily observed in GPR profiles. The obtained results provide information about the presence and thickness of the pond sediment. Pond sediment was captured in boreholes at thickness ranging from 12 to 38 cm, with no internal pond sediment stratigraphy being observed. The probable reason for such a limited sediment thickness could be the initially shallow depth of the pond or the pond’s summering process (“letnění”), during which no water was present in the pond and the removal of the pond sediment occurred in regular cycles.
The aim of our work was to use a statistical model to determine the degree of susceptibility assessment in the area of the Chřiby Highland and northern part of the Kyjovská pahorkatina Hilly land and then compare the results with field verification of their actual occurrence in a part of this previously unmapped area. Studied part with a total area of 353,47 km2 is frequently affected by landslides (580 landslides covering 9 % of the area). The mapped area and the results comparing with the final landslide susceptibility map showed that more than 85 % of the mapped landslides are located in areas of high and very high landslide susceptibility. For locations that were not detected by this statistical method, but where landslides were nevertheless subsequently mapped, it was found that their origin was initiated by phenomena other than the input conditions used for the analysis. The results of the analysis were verified by field research of the territory, which had not previously been comprehensively mapped (south part of the model area). A total of 98 landslides were newly identified or revised, covering a total area of 4 km2, corresponding to 7.4 % of the area reconnaissanced.
Širokopásmová seismická stanice VRAC (Vranov u Brna), provozovaná ÚFZ (Ústav fyziky Země, Masarykova Univerzita), je jednou z certifikovaných stanic IMS CTBTO (International Monitoring System of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization). Proto je velmi důležitá její schopnost zaznamenávat vzdálené seismické jevy. Tento článek se pokouší ukázat, pro jaké seismicky aktivní regiony může být využití stanice VRAC v rámci monitorování globální seismické aktivity výhodné. Za tímto účelem byla porovnána distribuce jevů registrovaných stanicí VRAC v letech 2011 až 2022 s celkovým rozložením projevů globální seismicity sledovaným na základě REB bulletinů (Reviewed Event Bulletin) CTBTO. V letech 2011 až 2022 zaznamenala stanice VRAC 81110 seismických jevů, pro 60120 jevů je známa lokace (vypočtená v datovém centru ÚFZ anebo převzatá od jiných seismologických institucí). V případě 54314 z nich je epicentrální vzdálenost od stanice VRAC větší než 3°. Během stejného období lokalizovala IMS 440787 seismických jevů zařazených do REB bulletinů, data stanice VRAC byla využita při zpracování 21453 z těchto otřesů. Nižší schopnost detekce seismických jevů stanicí VRAC byla pozorována nejen v případě regionů, vůči nimž se stanice VRAC nachází v zóně seismického stínu, ale také v regionech ve vzdálenostech 90° až 103° od stanice. Znamená to méně registrací jevů ze seismicky aktivních regionů Sumatry, Filipín a Střední Ameriky. Horši detekční schopnost vůči jevům ze vzdáleností 90° až 103° se očekávala, nikoli však v takové míře. Naopak v důsledku kaustiky PKP vln je u stanice VRAC zjevný výrazně vyšší počet záznamů, a to i středně silných a slabých seismických jevů. Stanice VRAC tak dobře registruje otřesy z jižní části příkopu Nových Hebrid a z regionu Samoa.
Hydrogeological area 4232 Ústí syncline in the drainage basin of the Svitava river is producing very significant amounts of underground water. This water has been used as drinking water since 1914 for the Brno agglomeration. Two hydrogeological structures are exploited: aquifer C (Jizera formation) and aquifer B (Bílá hora formation). The Ústí syncline represents an asymmetrical graben, the deepest part of which is delineated by the Semanín and Svitava faults. The underground water of both structures is replenished by rainfall in the areas where they crop-out, namely in the eastern flank of the whole syncline. Systematical monitoring of the quality of the underground water has been running in the area for a very long time. It comprises mainly monitoring of the water quality in the individual production areas and monitoring of wells of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. Evaluation of all these data showed, that the whole area of the Ústí syncline, but especially the aquifer C, is threatened by areal pollution by nitrate compounds and locally by pesticide metabolites. Nitrate content reach up to 40 mg/l, which is the limit concentration set by the regulation 252/2004 Sb. Pesticides locally exceed the limit concentration. This shows, that the most dangerous compounds for the underground water as potential contaminants are clearly compounds closely connected with agriculture. The introduction of potential contaminants is of course controlled by the hydrogeological properties of rocks, i.e. whether it is a reservoir rock or a sealing rock. Sandstones of the aquifer C are separated by a layer of marl, sometimes called the Ca/Cb aquiclude. However, in the near-surface zone and in outcrops, this marl is heavily fractured and is very permeable. The Ústí syncline is also known for several pseudo-karst caves. Moreover, deeper pseudo-karst caverns were penetrated by boreholes by accident during the exploration of the Semanín fault zone. This karst permeability enables rapid spreading of infiltrating compounds including all possible pollutants. Based on tritium activity, freons and SF6 measurements, the mean delay times of the underground water in the Ústí syncline is estimated to be the first tens of years. One cannot presume any natural attenuation of very stable pesticides metabolites, just dilution. Based on this, there is a very real risk, that with increasing share of underground water younger than 2010, which has much higher concentration of pollutants, the concentration of these compounds will increase in exploited underground water.
This study presents the new record of brachiopods from the Middle Miocene deposits of the locality of Oslavany, Moravia, Czech Republic. The assemblage contains five species, i.e. Terebratula sp., Megathiris detruncata (Gmelin, 1791), Joania cordata (Risso, 1826), Argyrotheca cuneata (Risso, 1826), and Platidia sp. Apart from the species J. cordata, that dominates in the studied assemblage, the remaining species are reported for the first time from Oslavany. All species recognized here were already recorded from other localities in the Moravian part of the Carpathian Foredeep.
