Ziel dieser Arbeit war es zu testen, ob das Verfahren der Membrandestillation mit hydrophoben Membranen für österreichische Verhältnisse ein taugliches Verfahren ist, um den Alkoholgehalt in alkoholreichen Weinen zu senken und das typische, fruchtig-frische Geschmacksbild wieder zu erlangen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden früh und spät geerntete Trauben der Sorte Grüner Veltliner einerseits unangereichert (10,9 %vol bzw. 12,1 %vol) und andererseits auf 13,3 %vol bzw. 14,3 %vol angereichert vergoren und die angereicherten Weine dann in Schritten von jeweils minus 0,7 %vol um bis zu 2,1 %vol entalkoholisiert. Bei der Alkoholreduktion mittels Membrandestillation mit hydrophoben Membranen wurde auch der Einfluss der Begasung des Strippingswassers mit Stickstoff bzw. Kohlendioxid auf die Produktqualität bestimmt, wobei sich herausstellte, dass Kohlendioxid deutlich fruchtigere, frischere Weine ergab. Chemische Analysen der Weine ergaben, dass die Gehalte der Zucker und Säuren infolge der Membrandestillation nicht verändert wurden, während hingegen bei Ethylacetat Abnahmen zwischen 14–44 %, bei Methanol zwischen 6–28 %, und bei höheren Alkoholen feststellbar waren. Die Verringerungen der flüchtigen Verbindungen waren proportional dem Grad der Entalkoholisierung, wirkten sich aber nicht qualitätsmindernd aus. Die sensorische Beurteilung der Weine erfolgte durch amtlich geschulte Weinkoster, wobei bei der Bewertung nach dem 20-Punkteschema immer ein entalkoholisierter Wein mit CO 2 -gesättigtem Strippingwasser als Bester bewertet wurde, und zwar bei dem früh gelesenen, angereicherten Grünen Veltlinern (Ausgangsalkoholgehalt: 13,3 %vol) die auf 12,5 %vol teilentalkoholisierte Variante und beim spät gelesenen, angereichterten Grünen Veltliner (Ausgangsalkoholgehalt: 14,3 %vol) die auf 13,5 %vol alkoholreduzierte Variante. Auch bei der deskriptiven Bewertung wurden Weine mit einer Reduktion des Alkoholgehalts um 0,8 %vol bis 1,5 %vol bei der Hauptkomponentenanalyse in den Bereichen fruchtiger Geruch und sortentypischer Geschmack sowie guter Gesamteindruck sehr gut bewertet. Somit kann festgestellt werden, dass die Alkoholreduktion mit Membrandestillation und hydrophoben Membranen aufgrund der sehr guten erzielten Produktqualitäten und den bekannt geringen Investitions- und Betriebskosten sowie der einfachen Bedienung eine sehr gute Möglichkeit für das moderne, zukunftsfitte Alkoholmanagement darstellt.
Zusammenfassung Der Einsatz von Kaliumpolyaspartat (KPA) und Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) ist bei Wein und Schaumwein seit 2017 (KPA) bzw. 2009 (CMC) erlaubt und in der Praxis angekommen. Bei Traubensaft gibt es derzeit nur eine publizierte Untersuchung hinsichtlich CMC und keine mit KPA zur Vermeidung kristalliner Ausscheidungen. In diesem Versuch wurde der Einsatz von KPA und CMC bei weißem und rotem Traubensaft mit unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen (KPA: 50 – 400 ml/hl, CMC: 100 – 300 ml/hl) getestet und deren Einfluss auf die sensorische Qualität (Gesamturteil, einfacher und erweiterter Dreieckstest) der Fruchtsäfte bei einer Lagertemperatur von 4 °C bzw. 20 °C untersucht. Es wurde auch das Minikontaktverfahren zur Vorhersage der Stabilität der Säfte hinsichtlich kristalliner Ausscheidungen getestet und ein Stabilitätsfaktor zur Abschätzung der Stabilität errechnet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass zur Vermeidung von kristallinen Ausscheidungen in Traubensaft sowohl KPA als auch CMC erfolgreich eingesetzt werden können. Die zur Stabilisierung bei 4 °C Lagertemperatur notwendige Einsatzmenge der verwendeten Produkte liegt laut den Ergebnissen dieser Studie bei weißem Traubensaft bei 50 bis 150 ml/hl KPA (Zenith Uno) sowie 100 ml/hl CMC (VinoStab 2.0). Bei rotem Traubensaft müssen höhere Mengen zur erfolgreichen Stabilisierung eingesetzt werden (200 ml/hl KPA bzw. 300 ml/hl CMC). Die notwendigen Einsatzmengen liegen daher meist über den für Wein und Schaumwein zugelassenen Mengen. Eine signifikante sensorische Veränderung der Traubensäfte ist beim Einsatz der notwendigen Mengen nicht zu erwarten. Das Minikontaktverfahren (errechneter Stabilitätsfaktor) ist bedingt zur Vorhersage der Stabilität der Traubensäfte geeignet. Der Wert sollte bei einer Lagertemperatur von 4 °C bei weißem Traubensaft in Abhängigkeit der Reife (Jahrgang) unter einem Bereich von 2,8 bis 3,7 und bei rotem Traubensaft unter 2,0 liegen.
OBJECTIVES: Autism is a neuro-developmental disability, associated with considerable behavioural, social, and communicational challenges. As there is no treatment to completely cure autism and associated symptoms, many alternate methods of therapies such as yoga, acupuncture, reiki, animal therapy etc. are considered to minimize the symptoms. In this literature review, we have examined beneficial effects of yoga therapy and acupuncture in patients with autism spectrum disorder. METHODS: We have searched the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and PubMed. The search strategy was limited to articles in English. We have kept the study design broad and have included both randomized and open label trials and meta-analysis papers to get information on effectiveness of ancient therapies on ASD. RESULTS: Yogic meditation sessions were effective in improving the brain activity by reducing anxiety and stress. Yogic postures improved musculoskeletal functions. Acupuncture methods improved communication, physical ability, self-care abilities and behaviour in children with ASD. CONCLUSION: Yogic interventions were found to trigger parasympathetic dominance which is essential to attain physiological and psychological balance. Though considerable limitations are associated with these approaches, these therapies can still be considered as effective tools in improving autism related symptoms.
In the modern world, the uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources driven by humankind’s pursuit of greater dominance over nature and convenience has exacerbated the climate change process that began with the Industrial Revolution. This phenomenon has reached critical levels today. In recent years, the risk and uncertainty caused by climatic events experienced almost throughout the earth's crust due to global warming have started to affect agricultural products and ecosystems more than ever. Each ecological zone experiences these changes to different extents. Notably, in regions characterized by species-specific climatic traits and dominated by monoculture, the effects of these transformations are more pronounced. In this context, examining the impacts of climate change on hazelnut agriculture in Turkey’s Black Sea Territory, where hazelnut farming is prevalent, and analyzing the outcomes are of great importance. Thisstudy aimed to examine the effects of climate variables measured monthly between 2004 and 2022 on hazelnut yield, tree count, and productivity across leading hazelnut-producing provinces of Ordu, Samsun, Sakarya, Giresun, Düzce, Trabzon, Zonguldak, Artvin, Kocaeli, Bartın, Bolu, and Rize, including all districts within these provinces, through econometric modeling. To assess current climatic conditions, meteorological station data recorded on minimum, average, and maximum temperatures, precipitation, humidity, and wind were analyzed. These twelve provinces were utilized as the scale of analysis for hazelnut cultivation. The model included a cross-sectional application, where provinces served as individual units, and a time series covering 19 years from 2004 to 2022 was used. The model incorporated hazelnut production volume, the number of fruit-bearing trees, and yield values as dependent variables, while atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, wind, temperature, and precipitation were considered independent variables. Based on the findings obtained in the study, regression models with fixed and random effects (Model-1, Model-2, and Model-3) revealed that atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, temperature, and precipitation variables did not independently have significant effects on hazelnut production volume, the number of productive hazelnut trees, or hazelnut yield.
Background: The study analyzes the mechanisms for protecting public law interests in criminal cases involving the return of property assets, as a factor in ensuring the accessibility and effectiveness of justice, through traditional methods and tactics of financial investigations, as well as using the capabilities of artificial intelligence technology. The authors rely on the provisions of the criminal procedure legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which reflect the types and features of financial investigations, with an emphasis on the impact on the effectiveness and accessibility of justice. By identifying the mandatory features and elements of a financial investigation under the legislation of Kazakhstan, parallels are drawn with other types of financial investigations provided for in developed Western countries. The directions of using artificial intelligence tools in financial investigation are proposed.
Mung bean is a legume widely cultivated in subtropical and tropical regions of the world. Its introduction in Burkina Faso is of great interest for the food and nutritional security of the population. However, the development of its cultivation could be hampered by a number of biotic constraints, including fungal diseases caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. To this end, 23 mung bean genotypes were screened in greenhouse with the most pathogenic isolate of the M. phaseolina fungus. Classification of genotypes according to recorded severity scores revealed three categories namely moderately resistant, susceptible and highly susceptible genotypes. No genotype proved resistant to the Sahelian isolate of M. phaseolina. However, two genotypes, M14 and lM2 showed moderate resistance to the Sahelian isolate of M. phaseolina. The results of this study could help in mung bean productivity program in Burkina Faso et in in drought-prone regions in the world.
Forest onion (Bawang hutan, local name), Scorodocarpus borneensis Becc is one of the medicinal ingredients considered to have properties that are useful as antioxidants, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, etc. This plant is widely found in the forest areas of Kalimantan, Indonesia. While its cultivation is still very lacking. In this research, the chopped bark of bawang hutan was refluxed with methanol solvent, then the methanol extract was partitioned to ethyl-acetate: water = 1:1. The ethyl acetate phase obtained was fractionated by column chromatography (SiO2; i). n-hexan : ethyl acetate = 20:1~2:1; ii). n-hexane-ethylacetate = 5: 1; and preparative thin layer chromatography (n-hexaneethylacetate = 2:1). Each fraction was tested for antioxidant activity by the free radical scavenging method using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and obtained pure isolates that have antioxidant activity in fraction SbEA 8-5. Based on the interpretation of Ultra-violet-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) spectra, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) 1D 1H, 13C-NMR, DEPT, and NMR 2D (HMQC, COSY, HMBC), the chemical compound is 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (protocatechuic acid) which has an IC50 of 12.05 ppm.
Trichoderma is a potential biocontrol agent that is widely used by farmers worldwide. In this study, we selected four stress-tolerant and chitinase-producing Trichoderma isolates (VT-8, VT-14, VT-15 & VT-17) to analyses their ability to produce plant growth promoters, their phosphate solubilizing ability, and their volatile organic compound availability. We used qualitative and quantitative methods to analyses the invitro production of plant growth promoters. The formation of dark red to pale yellow colour indicated the production of indole acetic acid. Among the four Trichoderma isolates, VT17 exhibited a dark red colour, indicating the highest indole acetic acid production. Quantitative analysis confirmed that VT-17 produced 79.86±0.12 µg/ml of indole acetic acid. All four isolates were analyzed for their phosphate solubilizing ability using qualitative and quantitative methods. The formation of a clear zone indicated the presence of phosphate solubilizing activity. Trichoderma isolate VT-17 showed the highest activity with a clear zone of 1.17 cm and a quantitative analysis result of 9.25 µg/ml. We selected Trichoderma isolate VT-17 for GC-MS analysis based on their antifungal activity studies. The analysis revealed the presence of seven volatile organic compounds that have been reported to exhibit biocontrol activity. Therefore, Trichoderma isolate VT-17 could be used as a biocontrol agent.
Although numerous studies have explored teaching practice satisfaction among Chinese normal university students, they often focus on rational and technical factors, overlooking the emotional aspects. This study examines the influence of affective experiences on teaching practice satisfaction and the mediating role of emotional labor strategies. A total of 1,234 normal university students in China completed the Affective Experience Scale, Emotional Labor Strategy Scale, and Teaching Practice Satisfaction Scale. The findings of our current findings showed that positive affective experiences were significantly correlated with deep behavior, natural behavior, and teaching practice satisfaction. Moreover, deep behavior was positively associated with both natural behavior and satisfaction. Multiple mediation analysis revealed that positive affective experiences directly and indirectly impacted teaching practice satisfaction through deep and natural behaviors. Conversely, negative affective experiences were linked to surface behavior and inversely related to natural behavior and teaching practice satisfaction. Surface behavior negatively impacted satisfaction, while natural behavior positively correlated with it. Multiple mediation analysis also indicated those negative affective experiences indirectly influenced teaching practice satisfaction via surface and natural behaviors. Emotional labor partially mediates the relationship between affective experiences and teaching practice satisfaction. These findings offer empirical evidence and practical insights for enhancing satisfaction through emotional labor strategies and the management of affective experiences.
This study examines the relationship between coaching styles and the athletic performance of high-level basketball players in Hunan Province, China. Driven by the 'Healthy China 2030' strategy, there is a growing need to understand the athletic outcome of coaching influence. While previous researches have categorized coaching styles, little is known about the empirical evidence for the direct impact on the performance. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap by utilizing the sample of 246 players and 83 coaches from 15 universities. Data are collected by using the Sports Leadership Scale (LSS) and the Sports Performance Perception Scale, the result demonstrates that the regression equation – Athletic Performance =1.500+0.156 (Rewards) + 0.326 (Social Support) + 0.105 (Authoritative) + 0.363 (Democratic) + 0.288 (Training). The findings reveal that the coaches predominantly use a reward and a praise style, a significant positive correlation exists between the coaching style and the player performance. Specifically, democratic behavior shows the strongest correlation with high athletic performance (r = 0.407, P < 0.01). A subsequent regression analysis confirms this and demonstrates that democratic coaching has the most significant predictive effect on performance (β = 0.363, P < 0.05), with the five coaching dimensions collectively explaining 25.9% of the variance. In addition, the study concludes that a democratic coaching style is the most influential in enhancing athletic performance, providing a clear recommendation for coaches to adopt an athlete-centered approach in training and further development.
Background: Linezolid, a synthetic oxazolidinone antibiotic, is effective against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. However, prolonged use is associated with mitochondrial toxicity and lactic acidosis. Predictive modeling can enhance risk assessment and support therapeutic drug monitoring. Objective: This study evaluates various PK/PD models to describe lactate elevation associated with linezolid therapy. Both simulated and clinical data were used to fit four mathematical models: Emax, piecewise linear, log-linear, and AUC-based. The goal is to assist clinicians in optimizing dosing strategies and anticipating potential toxicity. Methods: Simulated linezolid concentration data (0–15 mg/L) were used to construct models in Python, employing NumPy for computations and Matplotlib for visualization. Each model was fitted to time-series lactate data extracted from a published clinical case report. Key parameters—such as EC₅₀, Hill coefficient, and exposure thresholds—were estimated to evaluate model performance. Results: The Emax model captured threshold-like lactate dynamics, closely reflecting the onset of clinical lactic acidosis. The log-linear model showed a smooth, progressive increase in lactate and remained robust across all time points. The piecewise linear model offered interpretability but lacked physiological realism. The AUC-based model reflected cumulative exposure effects and was suitable for long-term monitoring, though less sensitive in early phases. Conclusion: The Emax model provided the best fit for abrupt lactate elevation, while the log-linear model offered a balance between predictive accuracy and clinical utility. These models support individualized dosing strategies for at-risk patients undergoing prolonged linezolid therapy. Further validation in clinical cohorts is recommended.
In recent years, climate change has displaced millions of people around the world. South Asia—particularly Pakistan—is among the most vulnerable regions, where re-current floods, droughts, and extreme heat events have forced large segments of the population to migrate in search of safety and livelihoods. Despite this growing crisis, no comprehensive study has systematically examined the key factors driving cli-mate-induced migration in Pakistan. In this context, we conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature published between 2010 and 2024, drawing from Google Scholar and Web of Science, to identify and synthesize the multidimensional drivers of climate-induced migration. Our analysis categorizes these drivers into three intersecting vulnerability domains: socioeconomic (income inequality, landlessness, limited access to healthcare and education, gender disparities), geographical (hazard exposure, terrain, water scarcity, slow on set events like droughts and heatwaves), and historical-structural (colonial legacies, tribal norms, land conflicts, governance failures, and gendered social structures). Findings reveal that climate-induced migration is not solely a response to environmental hazards but is shaped by overlapping vulnerabilities that compound risk. Research to date has focused disproportionately on flood-induced displacement, with limited attention to slow-onset disasters. A critical insight emerging from the review is the heightened vulnerability of women, who face systemic barriers, increased exposure to violence, and restricted access to relief and recovery resources during displacement. This review highlights the urgent need for integrated, risk-informed migration policies that address deep-rooted socioeconomic inequalities, strengthen institutional capacities, and ensure gender responsive planning. Tackling the structural drivers of vulnerability is essential for enabling safe, dignified, and adaptive forms of climate mobility in Pakistan.
Grit is a psychological notion that highlights personal tenacity and dedication to long-term goals. This study examines the relationship between the level of grit and academic performance among medical students. A descriptive-correlational study was conducted involving 262 participants. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the gathered data. Results showed that there was no significant difference based on the demographic profiles such as age, sex, or family income, nationality, year level, and student status. The participants were shown to have high levels of grit. Also, a significant relationship was found between grit and academic achievement, as determined by the general weighted average (GWA). The findings underscore the importance of fostering resilience and long-term commitment in medical training. Future research could explore interventions to enhance grit and its impact on student outcomes across diverse educational settings.
This exploratory study uses PRISMA and current evidence to examine auditors' perceptions on blockchain technology. The project will analyze literature to determine the benefits, drawbacks, and effects of integrating blockchain technology into audit practice. Secondary data analysis reveals that blockchain's immutable and auditable records primarily enhance audit transparency and correctness. The results indicate that widespread acceptance is conceivable despite technological complexity, implementation costs, and regulatory concerns. The literature also suggests that blockchain can reduce fraud and errors; however, this requires a significant shift in audit methodology at large scales and alignment with regulators to implement regulatory compliance and standardization. This report consolidates auditors' current impressions of blockchain and highlights key areas that require attention for successful adoption. This research can help auditors, policymakers, and researchers prepare for future blockchain technology auditing studies and practical actions. This study used a systematic review, analysis, and synthesis of current papers to show why auditing is going through one of those transformative moments for blockchain technologies. It showed how much blockchain can transform audits, but it also reminded us that strategic planning and regulatory support are needed to face these issues head-on.
The increasing prevalence of water scarcity has emphasized the urgent need for effective management of water distribution systems, particularly in urban areas. To achieve rational management of facilities and ensure long-term customer comfort, water utilities on the worldwide are seeking solutions to find a good compromise to avoid the major problem of leaks in distribution networks. Several techniques exist to address this problem, including pressure modeling of distribution networks, which has become a widely used technique for reducing leak rates and extending the lifespan of installations. This work consists of proposing a methodology for optimizing leaks in a drinking water supply network in Bologhine city using hydraulic models and stochastic methods. Stochastic model namely BAT algorithm was employed to simulate various scenarios of demand fluctuations and pressure changes, allowing us to assess the risk and occurrence of leaks under different operational conditions. The optimization of pressure control was achieved by implementing a strategic pressure management system that dynamically adjusts pressure settings based on real-time demand data and identified vulnerabilities within the network. By employing these methodologies, cities like Bologhine can enhance their infrastructure resilience, reduce water loss, and promote sustainability in urban water systems.
Like any other family structure, the nuclear one too has its beauty or advantages among which one can count financial stability, less conflicts, less confusion, and strong bonds among family members. This article then examines the advantages of a nuclear family as depicted in JC Buthelezi’s novel entitled Impi Yabomdabu Isethunjini. The discussion in this discourse focuses on the financial situation, relationship among family members and state of mind within this kind of family. The subtopics of the paper are introduction, financial stability, less conflict, less confusion and strong bonds among family members. Definitions of the concepts of ‘family’ and ‘nuclear family’ are included as part of the introductory section of the study. Lastly, a concluding remark will be included towards the end of the discourse.
The rapid expansion of global brandy production has heightened environmental concerns regarding the disposal of distillery dregs, particularly when these wastes are discharged into surface waters. However, distillery dregs are rich in valuable constituents such as organic acids (75–104 mmol L-1 ), making them a promising chemical ameliorant for the reclamation of saline-sodic soils. This study investigates the potential of utilizing brandy industry by-products to improve soil properties, with the dual objectives of determining effective application rates and addressing waste management challenges. Field experiments were conducted in 2023 on saline-sodic soils covering an area of 1,280 m². Treatments involved applying 50%, 75%, and 100% of the calculated distillery dreg application rate. The results indicated that the optimal treatment, consisting of 14,600 t ha⁻¹ of distillery dregs combined with 5,000 m³ ha-1 of leaching water, effectively reduced soil salinity and alkalinity to acceptable levels. To enhance economic feasibility and minimize transportation costs, it is recommended that distillery dregs be concentrated fivefold at the production site prior to field application. Overall, these findings highlight the dual environmental and agronomic benefits of employing distillery dregs for the sustainable reclamation of saline-sodic soils while promoting responsible management of brandy industry residues.
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between occupational formaldehyde exposure and physical health symptoms among pathology laboratory workers. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted between May and September 2016, and included 98 healthcare workers. Formaldehyde exposure was measured using a badge method during an eight-hour shift, and the Formaldehyde Exposure Index (FAI) was calculated. Participants completed a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, occupational factors, and physical symptoms. The Mann-Whitney U test and correlation analyses were used for statistical evaluation. Results: The mean age of participants was 40.06 ± 9.09 years. The median formaldehyde measurement was 0.030 ppm (range: 0.004–4.400). Formaldehyde levels were significantly lower in laboratories with local and general ventilation systems (p < 0.05). A total of 89.8% of participants reported at least one physical symptom; the most common were unpleasant odor (75.3%), headache (61.3%), and watery eyes (58.1%). The mean FMI of those reporting at least one symptom (513.83 ± 381.16) was significantly higher than that of those without symptoms (15.35 ± 11.05) (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The incidence of physical symptoms increased with higher formaldehyde exposure indices among pathology laboratory workers. These findings highlight the critical importance of effective ventilation systems, personal protective equipment use, and regular exposure monitoring in protecting worker health.
This study examined the organizational structure and the construction and communication of meaning in the political “Opinion” articles of the Saudi daily newspaper, Arab News. Employing Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) as the theoretical framework, it examined theme structures and thematic progression patterns in 10 opinion articles published between February 1 and February 3, 2024. The analysis identified three primary types of themes: topical, textual, and interpersonal. The findings revealed that Arab News predominantly employs topical themes, reflecting its focus on current socio-political issues. This is expected since opinion pieces are typically concerned with newsworthy topical issues. Thematic progression analysis indicated that the articles primarily employed constant Theme structure, followed by the linear pattern, ensuring textual coherence by maintaining a central argument, reinforcing key points, and sustaining logical development throughout the discourse. These findings underscore the strategic structuring of political opinion discourse and highlight the intricate interplay of ideas and perspectives in journalistic writing. Ultimately, this study provides valuable insights into media discourse, shedding light on how journalistic practices shape public opinion and influence political narratives.
Background: This study explores the integration of digital forensic technologies – including online trial broadcasting – into Kazakhstan’s criminal justice system as a key driver of legality, rights protection, and judicial transparency. Drawing on Kazakhstan’s criminal procedure legislation and recent digital transformation initiatives, the authors examine the procedural framework governing digital evidence and prosecutorial responsibilities in a digital environment. Through comparative analysis with advanced international practices, the study identifies effective models for managing electronic evidence, incorporating artificial intelligence (AI), and conducting online trial broadcasts. The article reviews scholarly literature on digital forensics, AI applications in criminal justice, and the challenges of live-streaming court proceedings. Empirical data from Kazakhstan’s judiciary highlight both achievements and persistent legal gaps, particularly in regulating online broadcasts of high-profile criminal cases. Special attention is given to international approaches that successfully balance transparency, data privacy, and procedural fairness – serving as benchmarks for Kazakhstan’s ongoing reforms. From the analyzed sources, the authors extract key theoretical and practical insights to shape a comprehensive prosecutorial model tailored to Kazakhstan’s digital realities. This model aims to safeguard individual rights and public interests, ensure the admissibility and integrity of digital evidence, enhance prosecutorial decision-making through AI tools, and promote judicial openness via regulated online broadcasting. Strategic recommendations are proposed for legislative reform, technological integration, and capacity-building to strengthen prosecutorial effectiveness in Kazakhstan’s digital judicial transformation. Methods: To achieve the research objectives, the authors employed a multi-methodological approach, including: − Descriptive legal analysis to examine Kazakhstan’s legislative framework on digital and forensic technologies in criminal procedure, with emphasis on prosecutorial roles and the regulation of electronic evidence and online broadcasting. − Comparative legal analysis to identify and assess international best practices in digital evidence management, AI integration, and online trial broadcasting, evaluating their relevance to Kazakhstan’s legal and technological context. − Legal modeling to propose scenarios for integrating advanced forensic tools and AI systems into prosecutorial procedures, aiming to optimize evidence handling, enhance transparency, and uphold legal safeguards. − Empirical case studies of Kazakhstan’s judicial practices involving digital evidence and online broadcasts, revealing legislative gaps, procedural challenges, and technological limitations. This comprehensive methodology supports the development of targeted recommendations for reform and modernization within Kazakhstan’s criminal justice system. Results and Conclusion: the study recommends establishing a national digital evidence management platform incorporating AI and blockchain verification, alongside legal procedures for their use and unified cybersecurity standards. Forecasts suggest these measures could reduce criminal case durations by 20–25%, improve evidence analysis accuracy to 90%, and enhance public trust in the justice system. Adapting global best practices to Kazakhstan’s context provides a strategic foundation for modernizing criminal justice and reinforcing the role of public prosecutors.
