This paper focuses on the 10-year period from 2000 to 2010, when foreign architects are said to have begun to become more active, and collects data mainly from literature surveys and on-site investigations related to that period. Based on this data, 1) it compiles a list of architectural works designed by foreign architects in China from 2000 to the present, and grasps an overall picture of the architectural activities of foreign architects. 2) It discusses the characteristics of the architectural activities of foreign architects by examining the designs of museums, theaters, exhibition facilities, etc., which are said to have a relatively large number of works by foreign architects.
This paper develops a companion paper intended to be read in conjunction with it, the terms used in this paper being defined as in that paper [1]. Herein, I investigate the role of the separation (SoP) and progression (PoP) of the Primary Polyhedra (PP) in the all-space-filling periodic arrays of polyhedra (the honeycombs), and their analogous morphology to the separation (SoF) and progression of faces (PoF) in the polyhedra (PP to PP within their class, and generically across classes). In previous research, I classify the honeycombs into three classes by symmetry. Here, I address Class III, and find 10 distinct forms (16 allowing reflections) in 3 clusters (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary) that are pervaded by the SoP and the PoP of two PPs of Class II of Polyhedra that are √3 compatible (in 4 cases being self-compatible), and are organized on that basis, where each honeycomb consists of two arrays of primary forms, one of which separates from contracted (〖PP〗_1 contiguous) to expanded (〖PP〗_1 separated), while the other progresses (morphs 〖PP〗_2→〖PP〗_3) while remaining contracted or expanded, where the overall honeycomb can be contracted (both 〖PP〗_1 and 〖PP〗_2), hybrid (〖PP〗_1/〖PP〗_2 contracted and 〖PP〗_2/〖PP〗_1 expanded), or fully expanded (both 〖PP〗_1 and 〖PP〗_2). Subsequent papers will address Class II of 4 distinct honeycombs, which may also be organized in somewhat similar manner, and Class I of one distinct honeycomb in contracted form, to clarify the morphology of the honeycombs.
Natural fiber-based mulching sheets are biodegradable and pose no risk of microplastic pollution. While single-fiber mulching sheets have been developed in previous studies, this research proposed hybrid mulching sheets using tomato stem residues and rice stalks. The results confirmed the feasibility of combining natural fibers from different genera and families for mulching sheet production. The hybrid mulching sheets exhibited densities ranging from 0.684 g/cm3 to 0.792 g/cm3. The tensile rupture stress of the hybrid mulching sheets ranged from 9.78 MPa to 14.87 MPa. The light-shielding ratio of the mulching sheets was over 99.9%. The mulching sheets made from tomato stem residues showed particularly high tensile rupture stress. These results highlight a sustainable approach to utilizing diverse agricultural residues, providing potential alternatives to conventional plastic mulching films.
The cubic schema—considered as a 3-frequency polar zonahedron (PZ_3)—based on the separation of faces (SoF) to account for the order of the regular and semi-regular polyhedra and tessellations that I have previously presented, unveils within each symmetry class a three-fold symmetry by gender of the Primary Polytopes (PPs). This 3-fold symmetry appears remarkably pervasive, rather than an artifact of the schema, and to logically precede the bilaterality of the developed schema. Analysis of the topological relationship of proximal, like principial faces allows matrices to be developed of their relationship according to the SoF, for separation from contiguous (adjoining; d=0) to separated (adjacent; d=1), for the three gendered cases of negative (−ve), neutral (ntrl), and positive (+ve) faces. These three cases can be considered simultaneously, while horizontal rotation of the 2.5D PZ_3 schema about the primary Verticial Polytope—Great Rhomb (VP−GR) vertical axis at 2π/3 intervals can provide convenient snapshots of the corresponding pairs of the separating facial PTs (d=0 to d=1) by gender. In this paper, I reformulate my previous α|β facial convention to α|ω, to newly define α and ω as the +ve and −ve faces, respectively, of the SR (Class II: SRCO), and for the ntrl faces, the edges of the PL^- and PL^+ (Class II: CB and OH), respectively. Together with the (Vesica Pisces) rhombic schema of the progression of faces (RSoF), and the remarkable and highly regular SoF phenomenon, this PZ_3 schema, together with its rotation, provides an adequate, readily accessible modelling of the morphology of the PPs of the 3D polyhedra and 2D tessellations by class; it demonstrates the importance of the inherent three-fold symmetry of that order, in which the interplay of three tripartite genders, while constrained by the bilateral complementarities of two polar genders and one neutral, appears fundamental to objectively describing the generic structural morphology in the evolution of form of the symmetry classes of the regular and semi-regular polytopes. Finally, I consider the limitations of that underlying 3-fold order, and question whether 3-fold order might be subsumed as a 2-step differentiation of 2-fold order, to account for the form–counterform complementarity that develops between the ntrl and the other 2 genders, within the ntrl, and between the −ve and +ve genders, with respect to the PPs and their faces. The imageability of the combination of the RSoF and SoF PZ_3 schema strongly recommends it to researchers and designers.
By using an asymptotic approach method, it has been shown that the Collatz Conjecture is true with a ratio 98.22% in all positive integers [6]. In this paper, we expand the range of numerical experiment and show that the Collatz Conjecture is true with a ratio 99.8216% in all positive integers.
This paper proposes two improved genetic algorithms by using new crossover operators with Quick Sort and Staged Crossover Strategy. The proposed methods are applied to solve the Traveling Salesman Problem and Vehicle Routing Problem and shown better performance.
In this paper we consider a capacitated hub location-routing problem (HLRP) which combines the hub location problem and multi-hub vehicle routing decisions. The HLRP not only determines the locations of the capacitated p-hubs within a set of potential hubs but also deals with the routes of the vehicles to meet the demands of customers. This problem is formulated as a 0-1 mixed integer programming model with the objective of the minimum total cost including routing cost, fixed hub cost and fixed vehicle cost. An optimal solution is obtained by using Xpress-MP for the small sized problems. The experimental results show that the proposed mathematical programming approach can be a viable solution method for the intelligent mobility in supply chain network.
Study design: A Single-Case Experimental study. Setting: Children with brain injuries often experience motor dysfunction, which affects sensory integration and functional movement. The Selective Functional Movement Assessment (SFMA) is a practical tool for diagnosing movement dysfunctions, but its application in the rehabilitation exercise program for children with brain injuries is underexplored. Participants: Twelve children (mean age, 8.9 years) with brain injuries who participated in a 12-week rehabilitation exercise program. Interventions: The Selective Functional Movement Assessment (SFMA) is a diagnostic tool used to identify dysfunctional movement patterns and guide their rehabilitation for functional improvement. Main measures: Pre and post intervention scores were analysed using paired t-tests. Statistical significance was defined as p <0.05. Results: Improvements were found in multi-segmental flexion (MSF) and multi-segmental rotation (MSR) scores (p <0.009 (1.08 ± 1.54) and 0.025 (1.08 ± 1.41), respectively), but no changes were observed in other movement patterns. Multi-segmental flexion (MSF) and multi-segmental rotation (MSR) are critical for postural control and balance, which are often impaired in children with brain injuries due to sensorimotor integration difficulties. The rehabilitation exercise program positively impacted motor coordination and sensorimotor integration by incorporating complex movements. Conclusion: The rehabilitation exercise program was effective in improving functional movement, particularly in complex movement patterns such as MSF and MSR and can be a valuable tool in rehabilitation for children with brain injuries.
In this paper, I apply my 2.5D cubic schema of polyhedra by the separation of faces (SoF), and rhombic schema of faces (RSoF), to generate core–shell and core–multi-shell geometries for Class II of {2,3,4} symmetry, with respect to the interlayer cells they generate. This morphology of polyhedra by symmetry class with the inclusion of a null element VP recognizes 8 Primary Polyhedra (PPs) (or Primary Polytopes, PTs) for each of 5 classes, 3×3D, and 2×2D. Each PP (or PT) consists of facial polytopes (FTs) that are considered to include 0-dimensional (0D) vertices (1-gons), and 1D edges (2-gons), as well as 2D polygons (n-gons), considering as principial only those PTs that lie normal to (or vertices (VTs) lying on) the axes of symmetry. By locating the smaller PP within the larger PP, core–shell configurations are then developed for pairs of concentric PPs that share an edge of the cubic (zonahedral) schema, where both are of unit edge length, and coaxial, sharing common negative (−ve), neutral (ntrl), and positive (+ve) axes. In the exemplary Class II, these conveniently correspond to the facial, mid-edge, and verticial axes of the cube ((100), (110), & (111)), respectively. Restricting the pairings to the shared edges of the cubic schema abstracted from the SoF reduces the possible cases in each class from 56 to 12, so ensuring their compatibility. The interlayer between inner and outer PPs is then partitioned into radial prismatic (PRS), pyramidal (PYR), and truncated pyramidal ‘frustal’(TFM) (i.e., cupola) elements of (0, α | β, or 2) frequency/orientation according to the FT (Fig. 1), where 0 refers to the VT; α | β in the −ve and +ve cases to facial rotation (truncation), α being the FT of frequency n of the polar (OH or CB), β of the quasi-regular (CO), and in the ntrl case, α | β refer to the PL+–PL– orientations of ntrl edges (EG)s; and 2 refers to the 2n double frequency case. Inner VTs project to outer VTs, NEs, or n-gons to form 0-PRSs, ntrl 2-PYRs, or n-PYRs, respectively; inner NEs project to outer NEs or squares (SQs) to form 2-PRSs or 2-TFMsm respectively; and inner n-gons project to outer n-gons or 2n-gons to form n-PRSs or n-TFMs, respectively, while 2n-gons project to 2n-gons to form n-PRSs. These are all radial, on the main symmetry axes, and combine to fill the interlayer space. The heights of these elements are derivable from the inradii of the concentric PPs, and show constant increase by gender and axis of the cubic schema. Core–multi-shell configurations are also developed, by abstracting 4 or 3 consecutive sequences of coaxially aligned, concentric PPs from the cubic schema, thus using the core VP and/or outer GR, respectively; each of the 3 or 2 interlayers thus formed is completely filled by the corresponding PRS, PYR, and TFM elements. The geometries developed might find application to nanoarchitecture, e.g., of electrode catalysts, and in space structures.
Usually, selection operations of individual in the genetic algorithm have the duplicate selection as survival choice, based on these operations of generational change, various generational change models to keep the diversity have been proposed. Especially, by intentionally making difference in evolution speed of individuals, an efficient generational change model REAL has been presented. In this paper, we propose an improved type REAL by add a comparison of differential parent. Some numerical experiments for benchmark function optimization problems, the proposed algorithm show relatively good performance evaluation with comparison of REAL and the various generational change models.
A n × n complex matrix A is called H-matrix if its comparison matrix is a M-matrix. H-matrix and M-matrix are two important classes of special matrices which often appear in fields of system control and scientific computation. Many application problems are needed to judge whether a known complex matrix A is a H-matrix or not (Or equivalently, judge whether its comparison matrix M(A) is a M-matrix or not). Some iterative methods and direct methods have been presented in previous researches separately. But it is difficult to predict necessary number of iterations before ending these iterative methods. And the previous almost direct methods are based on some sufficient conditions of H-matrix (For example, subset of generalized diagonally dominant matrices), so they are not always valid for all H-matrices or non H-matrices. This paper proposes a recursive direct algorithm for judging whether a n × n complex matrix is H-matrix or not. The proposed algorithm is always valid for all complex matrices (dense or sparse). The number of arithmetic operations for the proposed algorithm is one-third of some traditional algorithms like the Sweeping method, LU decomposition and the Forward backward substitution method. We also discuss a special case for the banded matrices. The proposed algorithm has a simple structure and is easy for implementation.
Inspired by Critchlow [1], and Grünbaum and Shephard [2], previous work has proposed an integral 2.5D cubic schema of the regular and semi-regular polyhedra and polygonal tessellations of the plane for each class of symmetry. This schema is differentiated into an upper and lower layer of 4 polytopes each, and characterized by corresponding pairs of upper and lower polytopes [3]. The motif of paired two-step sequences of first alternating separation and morphological transformation of faces, and second morphological transformation and separation of faces is explored, which in 2D consideration of the 2.5D schema are disposed about the vertical axis, as characterized by the correspondence between the PPs of the lower and upper squares (rhombi). Developing earlier sustained research [3−11], this paper addresses a deeper typology of morphological transformation of the primary polytopes, involving the separation of one gendered set of the negative (–ve), neutral (ntrl), or positive (+ve) facial polytopes along the Y, Z, and X axes of the cubic schema. While one set of faces separates, the other two sets morph or project through null→regular or quasi-regular→double facial levels (0→α|β→2) of the rhombic schema or its reflection. Each facial set only separates once, faces separating by d=0→1. The cubic schema exhibits significant three-fold symmetry by gender. The separation of faces schema adequately describes the morphology of the three classes of regular and semi-regular polyhedra of {2,3,3}, {2,3,4}, and {2,3,5} symmetry, and the two classes of polygonal tessellations of {2,3,6} and {2,4,4} symmetry.
The angle of repose (AoR) is a critical calibration parameter in characterizing soil mechanical properties. This study examines the AoR across seven levels of soil moisture content. The fixed funnel method was used to measure AoR, complemented by a newly developed image-processing algorithm for AoR calculation. This algorithm effectively captures the irregular and rugged edges due to moisture-induced soil aggregation. The results indicated a consistent, monotonic increase in AoR with increasing moisture content. A model incorporating soil cohesion and internal friction angle was established to explain the observed AoR trends. Results suggest that changes in AoR are primarily driven by soil cohesion, with a relatively smaller influence from internal friction angle especially in moist conditions.
IoT and AI technologies are gradually being adopted by more and more companies due to its advantages of intelligence and automation, and is a must in the process of Industry 4.0. However, any technological investment is accompanied by risks and challenges. When increasing investment in IoT or AI technology, it is also necessary to increase investment in manpower to jointly improve the results of technological innovation. Considering the factors of production efficiency, production safety, and enterprise scale, this paper introduces a method for general enterprises to maximize the benefits of their investment in both IoT technology and manpower. It also suggests the implementation steps for general enterprises when investing in IoT or AI technologies.
This study explores the influence of consumer purchasing behavior on the motorcycle market, with a particular focus on high-end markets, such as Japan, and emerging markets, including India, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Key factors analyzing include brand reputation, engine performance, and the rising demand for electric vehicles (EVs), etc. Using multiple regression analysis to test the proposed hypotheses, the findings highlight that brand reputation is the most influential factor in high-end markets, whereas the EVs market needs, local average salary level and local motorcycle service shops coverage play the pivotal role in shaping purchasing decisions in emerging markets. The study collects extensive data from the internet marketing report and uses regression models and T-test to assess the impact of various variables on sales performance. Based on the results, the study proposes tailored market strategies for different regions. Lastly, it also explains the model's limitations and recommends future improvement by reforming the calculation with more variables and market sales data.
The linear complementarity problem LCP(A, q) which consists of finding an real vector z such that Az+q>=0, z>=0, and z^T(Az+q)=0, where A and q are given real matrix and real vector respectively. When A is a P-matrix, LCP(A, q) is a NP-complete problem. Some traditional direct methods for solving the above problem need O(2^n n^2) or O(2^n n^3) number of arithmetic operations at least. This paper proposes a recursive algorithm for solving the LCP(A,q) with A is a P-matrix. The maximum computational complexity for proposed algorithm is not more than 0(2^n) which is the possible smallest computational complexity. And the average computational complexity for proposed algorithm is not more than O((3/2)^n). The proposed algorithm has simple structure and can be implemented easily.
Since the Chinese government began to promote the development of New Energy Vehicles (NEVs) in 2009, the Chinese market has made great progress. This paper analyzes the growth of new energy vehicles from 2015 to 2023 through estimates and finds that although government subsidies are important driving factors in the early stage, the data shows ride-hailing vehicles, a unique factor in the Chinese market, is also a driving factor of the NEVs sales even after the decline of government subsidies.
In this paper, we propose an improved Elite Correlation Selection using the Correlation Tournament Selection in Genetic Algorithm. The new algorithm is applied to a Variable Knapsack Problem and shows a better performance. Keywords: Correlation Tournament Selection, Improved Elite Correlation Selection, Genetic Algorithm, Variable Knapsack Problem
This study aimed to investigate relationship between depression and health-related quality of life in cancer survivors and mediating effect of vitamin intakes on the relationship. This study utilized data collected in the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2020. Health-related quality of life was negatively correlated with depression, and positively correlated with thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin E intake. Mediation analysis revealed that only riboflavin and vitamin E intake had significant mediating effects. This study provides a foundation for future research aimed at improving the quality of life of cancer survivors through the use of vitamins. Key Words: Cancer survivors, Riboflavin, Vitamin E, Quality of life
In this paper, we propose a method to address the discoloration issue in the AnimeGAN model. Our method uses Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to sustain the chromatic integrity of the original image. We separate the image in the Lab color space, where the components of luminance (L), green-to-red variation (a), and blue-to-yellow gradient (b) exist independently. We use the L channel as the input for the AnimeGAN and color the grayscale image by predicting (a) and (b) channels with CNN. According to the experimental results, the discoloration problem of the AnimeGAN has been rectified, successfully preserving the color of the original image. Key Words: NST, GAN, AnimeGAN, CNN, Lab
