The chemical composition of banana (Musa sapeintum and Musa cavandish) peel were studied.The proximate analysis was found to be 89.63 and 86.43 moisture and 12.48 and 7.65 crude protein and 3.86 and 14.05 total lipid and 18.5 and 12.26 ash, 14.61 and 16.36 crude fiber, 50.55 and 49.23 total available carbohydrate in peel of Musa sapientum and Musa cavandish., respectively.The ash contained (mg/100 g) 96.58 and 60.68 mg and 137.69 and 81.71 Na and 0.75 and 1.48 Zn and 3.80 and 2.11 Fe and 102.25 and 43.12 Ca and 3804.73 and 2882.12K in peel, respectively, antimicrobial activity of Musa sapientum and Musa cavandish were found to be the methanolic extract more effective than all other extracts on bacteria and fungi.Oppositethat in anti-cancer activity of Musa sapientum and Musa cavandish were found to be the methanolic extract not effective compare with all other extracts on Hepatic cell cancer (HEP G2) and colonic cell cancer (HCT).The phenolic compound contents (mg/100 g) were determined of Musa sapeintum and Musa cavandish peel, methanolic extract The results show the presence of pyrogallol (31.98 and 63.98) catechein (21.55 and 16.33), gallic (58 and 3.22), vanillic (2.94 and 4.46) ellagic (5.57and 1.48), protocatchoic (1.22 and 3.09) and catechein (21.55 and 16.32), e-vanilic (19.6 and 7.23) salycilic (25.53 and 1.13), respectively.
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of haemodialysis on thyroxin level in patients with chronic renal failure.The sample of this study included forty nine participants (28 male and 21 female).Eligible participants were patients on regular dialysis for >1 year at the time of enrollment, had no co morbidity and had no known previous thyroid dysfunction.The study was conducted in one educational hospital in Jordan.Serum level of thyroid hormones T4 and T3 were measured prior to the dialysis session and after completion.There was a statistically significant increase in the level of T3 and T4 after completion of dialysis, however, this increase did not go beyond the normal value.Haemodialysis initiate a trend for increase in the level of thyroxin hormones.Patients on chronic dialysis need vigilant assessment for thyroid function in order to prevent future complications.
To investigate the probable effects of mummy on chondrocyte proliferation and expression of cartilage specific gene.Chondrocytes at the second passage were plated at density of 1×10 6 in monolayer or seeded onto PCL scaffolds.Cells in both conditions were divided into control (received medium) or treated with mummy at concentrations of 500 or 1000 µg mLG 1 for 72 h.The gene expression profile of collagen II, aggrecan, Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) and Sox-9 was evaluated using real-time RT-PCR.The ability of mummy to enhance the proliferation of chondrocytes was further evaluated using doubling time.Treatment of chondrocytes with 1000 µg mLG 1 of mummy resulted in a significant increase in expression of Sox-9, COMP and aggrecan genes in both monolayer and 3D culture conditions.Compared to the monolayer cultivated cells, expression of genes in seeded chondrocytes on PCL scaffolds was significantly higher.The highest proliferation rate of chondrocytes was found at a concentration of 1000 µg mLG 1 .The preliminary findings of this study revealed that mummy can be a promoting factor for chondrocyte proliferation and ECM synthesis.The use of mummy at 1000 µg mLG 1 may be a suitable dose for cartilage tissue engineering.
Page No.: 26-32 Volume: 15, Issue 2, 2020 ISSN: 1815-8846 Research Journal of Biological Sciences Copy Right: Medwell Publications Abstract: The research was conducted to evaluate the performance of tomatoes varieties on growth, yield and quality through the application of partial rootzone drying. The study was conducted in green house at the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara (UISU) Medan in May 2014 until September 2014. The planting media used were straw compost mixed with top soil enriched with Urea, SP-36 and KCL fertilizer filled into polybeg up to 10 kg in weight. Observation variables are: the growing, yield and quality of tomato.
Penicillium digitatumare associated with heavy losses of seeds, fruits, grains, vegetables and other plant products in transit and storage rendering them unfit for human consumption.The research sought to identify fungal pathogens of groundnut rot in storage in Hong Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria a major groundnut producing area.A survey was carried out using random sampling on incidence of groundnut rot in the seven districts of Hong Local Government Area in the month of July 2016.Isolation and identification, frequency of occurrence, virulence as well as effect of pathogens on germination of groundnut seeds and seedling growth were carried out.Incidence of rot occurred in all 7 districts with the highest in Hong, Hildi and Gaya, pathogens associated with the rot were identified as follows; Aspergillus niger (brasilensis) Aspergilus flavus, Penicillium chrysogenum, Rhizopus stolonifer, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Pseudallescheria boydii, Cylindrocarpon lichenicola and Scedosaporium prolificans.The frequent occurring fungi were Aspergillus niger (brasilensis) and Aspergillus flavus while the most virulent was Aspergillus flavus.There was significant reduction in seed germination and seedling growth at 99.99% probability level for both the Valencia (Kampala) and Peruvian (Kwathrumthrum) from 33.33% for uninoculated to 11.00% for inoculated.Proper storage practices to reduce groundnut rot as well as enhance seed viability are therefore, suggested.
: Medicinal plant such as Ziziphus Spina-Christi (ZSC) has been used for the treatment and prevention of several ailments in human and animals.It is recommended for the management of diseases in which free radical species are produced as a result of oxidative stress. However, there is lack of systematic study on the antioxidant and antityrosinase capacities of ZSCF from Nigeria. The present study quantifies the anti-oxidant and anti tyrosinaseability of the ZSCF grown in the Gwaski, Southern Borno state Nigeria. Antioxidant activity was assessed by using 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Superoxide-Radical Scavenging Activity (SRSA), Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power (FRAP assay). Overall the ZSCF showed strong antioxidant ability and high anti tyrosinase effect. There is variation in the oxidation power (DPPH) with 15.5% at the concentration of 7.8 μ g mL G 1 -88.4% at 1000 μ g mL G 1 and 22.5% at 7.8 μ g mL G 1 as well as 63.5% at 1000 μ g mL G 1 for FRAP assay. The percentage antityrosinase activities varied from 4.1% at 7.8 μ g mL G 1 -70.5% at 1000 μ g mL G 1 for plant crude extract. The observed antioxidantand anti tyrosinase ability of ZSCF may be due to abundant presence of phenolic contents and high electron donating ability to neutralize free radicals.
: Endophytic fungi are symbiotic association and the harbor of plants. It is living in inner tissues and without causing any apparent symptoms. In the present investigation, the endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves of Cenetlla asiatica and Melia azedarach . These 2 plants are highly medicinal properties. Totally eight different genera were isolated from both the leaves. Generally, Absidia repens, Alternaria sp., Aspergillus flavus, A. terreus, Chaetomium globosum, Curvularia sp., Fusarium solani and Humicola sp. The maximum percentage of endophytic fungi and diversity indices were recorded in Melia azedarach leaves fragment when compared to Centella asiatica leaves.
The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-hyperglycemic effect, lipid profile and the activity of certain hepatic enzymes of the ethanolic extract of the plant Arbutus andrachne on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.About 30 Wistar albino rats weighing between 180-200 g were randomly classified into four categories of six albino rats.The normal control group (group A) was treated orally with distilled water.The diabetic control group (group B) was induced by streptozotocin.So, this group is considered as a negative control.The non diabetic rats (group C) which was treated with the ethanolic extract of the plant A. andrachne that collected from Jerash/Jordan of a dose 200 mg kg !1 .The last group (Group D) which included the diabetic rats that treated with 200 mg kg -1 of the ethanoilc extract of the plant A. andrachne.The treatment was carried out daily for 14 days.The glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and hepatic enzymes levels were quantified in serum of experimental rats.Study was carried out in Faculty of Pharmacy/Applied Science University (December, 2018) and Botany Lab, Department of Biological sciences/University of Jordan.The results unambiguously showed that there was significant declines (p<0.05) in triglycerides and glucose levels in albino rats that treated with A. andrachne ethanolic extract compared with group B, the control group of diabetic rats.Significant reduction (p<0.05) in hepatic enzymes -AST and ALT-levels were also observed in rats treated with the plant ethanoilc extract compared with group B experimental rats.However, no significant changes in the cholesterol level were observed in the treated rats compared with the control group.Data in this piece of research revealed that the plant A. andrachne ethanolic extract has both hypoglycemic and hypolipidimic effect.This extract is suggested to reduce the liver damage induced by streptozotocin through maintaining the activity of hepatic enzymes.
12 8 4 0 Testosterone concentration (pg/mL serum) Control Vehicle 213 mg/kg 425 mg/kg Groups Control Vehicle 213 mg/kg 425 mg/kg Groups Diameter of seminiferous tubules (µm
Follicular and luteal phases of estrus cycle of Tapri and mixed goats under semi intensive management system. In order to get insight to understand the mechanism of steroidogenesis and study of various phases of estrus cycle in highly prolific Tapri goats of Sindh, in first phase an attempt was made to determine the length of various phases of estrus cycle of Tapri breed and its comparison with cross breed goats during three estrus cycles. Total ten healthy adult cycling goats (five from each breed) were maintained at the departments of animal reproduction and livestock management, FAHVS, SAU, Tandojam. Vaginal cytology method was used as marker to determine the status of estrus cycle. It was found that mean length of estrus cycle in tapri and cross breed goats were 21.32±0.26 and 21.2±0.56 days, respectively, both the longest (22.2±0.67 days) and shortest (20.4±0.66 days) duration of estrus cycles length were found in cross breed. The length of follicular phase including the estrus was 1.48±0.07, 1.34±0.01 days and during proestrus period it was 2.98±0.01 and 3.20±0.1 days in tapri breed and cross breed respectively, similarly, during luteal phase the length of metestrus and diestrus were in tapri versus cross breed goats were 3.25±0.14 vs 3.28±0.6 and 13.59±0.10 vs 13.28±0.4 days, respectively.
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major health concern all over the world.The number of affected people is increasing every year.Many factors contribute to the disease including diet, genetics, lifestyle and so forth.The disease is characterized by hyperglycemia because of insuffiency of the insulin producing beta cells of the pancreas.There is need for alternatives to the conventional antidiabetic drugs to overcome their shortages vitamin D and calcium intake are thought to protect against DM our research aims to evaluate the effect of administration vitamin D, calcium and combination of both on glucose and insulin levels in diabetic rats.Diabetes mellitus was induced intraperitoneally in male Wister albino rats by injection of alloxan (150 mgkgG 1 bw).Animals were divided into seven groups of eight rats each: group I served as normal control, group II act as diabetic control.The diabetic rats treated groups (III, IV, V, VI and VII) were treated, respectively with metformin at dose of 100 mgkgG 1 , vitamin D 3 at dose of 12.5 μgkgG 1 , calcium gluconate at dose of 100 mgkgG 1 both vitamin D 3 and calcium gluconate and olive oil at dose of 0.3 mLkgG 1 (serve as vehicle group).The treatments were performed by oral administration once a day for 28 consecutive days.The results showed that vitamin D 3 and vitamin D 3 -calcium combination lowers blood glucose level and calcium alone was not statistically significant decreased glucose level.Supplementation with vitamin D 3 with or without calcium increases insulin slightly when compared with normal control.
The promoter is a DNA sequence that regulates the expression of a particular gene. Knowledge of the promoters used in gene constructs for genetic transformation is essential for successfully applying GM technology. Promoters can be classified as constitutive, inducible and organ/tissue specific. The use of inducible and organ/tissue promoters has gained importance, because of its extensive applicability. This review presents a summary of the different types of promoters with examples of some of them that have been identified and characterized for genetic transformation of various plant species.
