The automatic programming is an essential phase in the adaptation of information systems because it allows the system to advance from its observations on the environment. The system is formed during the operation by creating gradually its own ontology of the domain; therefore it is necessary that the knowledge stored evolve in an automatic way and during operation without asking a large participation of the human user. In this sense, this article aims to analyze the different learning techniques and process the information relating to the context to which the objective of choosing the proper technique to the situation in order to facilitate the storage, access and exploitation of such information.
In this paper, we are focused on characters recognition, for this we present a comparison between the Krawtchouk Invariant Moment (KIM) and the Pseudo Zernike Invariant Moment (PZIM) for the recognition of printed Arabic characters (translated, rotated and contaminated by noise). In the preprocessing phase, we use the thresholding technique, and in the learning-classification phases, we use the supports vectors machines (SVM).The simulation results demonstrates that the KIM method gives more significant results that the PZIM for each Arabic character.
Iris recognition is one of the emerging areas as the demand for security in social and personal areas is increasing day by day. The main and most challenging step in the process of iris recognition is iris localization. As accuracy in localization of iris significantly affect the further processing of feature extraction and template matching stages. Traditional algorithms work efficiently and accurately in localizing iris from eye images taken in constrained environmental conditions. But their accuracy is affected when eye images are taken in unconstrained environmental conditions. The proposed algorithm starts with determining the exact location of iris even in the presence of specular highlights and non-ideal environmental conditions. The proposed algorithm works well for iris images and the accuracy of segmentation stage has increased when intuitionistic fuzzy is applied on the UBIRIS v2 iris images.
The most common technique in the normalization of 3D objects is the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). However, it is well known that the principal axes generated by the PCA may be different for similar shapes. To overcome the limitations of the PCA we propose in this paper a normalization method to give robustness to remeshing, rotations and reflections of meshed 3D objects. This method is based on the integration of the mesh volume, the use of barycentric coordinates and the CPCA (Continuous Principal Component Analysis).
Business intelligence is based on the existence of main components including : data warehouses .The data warehouse is a specialized database which main task is to provide quick access to data in analysis objective. But in some cases it is necessary to use a set of data warehouses to provide a complete information . This structure is what we call federation, and even if the components are physically separated, they are logically seen as a single component. Generally, these items are heterogeneous which make it difficult to create the logical federation schema ,and the execution of user queries a complicated mission. In this paper, we will fill this gap by proposing a model for logical federation schema creation based on ontology, in order to treat different schema types (star , snow flack) including the treatment of hierarchies dimension too.
The wireless sensor networks (WSN) are composed by a large number of micro sensors that are randomly deployed in an area of interest to supervise or monitor various phenomena (temperature, pressure, humidity ..). The wireless sensor nodes are typically powered by non-rechargeable batteries which makes them constrained in terms of energy. As communication energy represents the largest part of the energy consumed in sensor nodes [1], so energy efficient routing is one of the main issues to prolong lifetime of wireless sensors networks. This paper proposes a hierarchical routing protocol called MGI-LEACH for homogeneous wireless sensor networks based upon the framework of LEACH such as the network is divided into multi groups to prevent the concentration of cluster head in a particular area of the network, and the cluster head selection is based on high residual energy and a short distance from the base station (BS) in each communication round, which minimizes the communication energy of wireless sensor nodes, and hence, increases lifetime of the whole network. Simulations using MATLAB software show improved lifetime in different levels of Grouping compared to the classical algorithm LEACH.
Online Social Network (ONS) is the easiest platform to connect with one another. There are many Online Social Networking websites exist to bring up the reliable communication among the users. Facebook, Orkut, Google+, Twitter, MySpace, etc are some of the Online Social Networking websites. All the social networking websites provide the interface formally known as profile, to share their willingness with others. The users of these websites could share their feelings, photos, text file and even whatever the user wishes to provide. All the Online Social Networking websites bring the friends, family members and relatives together to share their desires in a fast track manner, however still it lacks in security module. The shared photos and information are freely open access to all the users of social networking websites. When the photos are freely available, the unauthorized users can easily access the photos of others and download it. Once the photo is downloaded, that image can be misused widely such as creation of fake profile and the photo can be sold to other nuisance websites. This kind of data hacking activities in online social networks even leads the life to death. In this paper, data hacking in online social network is considered and a novel mechanism is presented to prevent the data hacking.
This article describes in the first, the design of a new microstrip patch antenna for WIFI/WLAN applications (IEEE 802.11 b/g/n). Secondly, the article presents the effect of electromagnetic waves on a model of the human head exposed to the antenna designed in the ISM2450 band. By adopting a model tissue to seven layers of an adult. The objective is to evaluate the specific absorption rate (SAR) due to the propagation of electromagnetic waves along a human head for different antenna-head distances in simulation anatomic based model of the human head at a frequency of 2450MHz. All results, reflection coefficient, VSWR, radiation pattern, SAR and field distributions are presented. The simulation analysis was performed using the HFSS software. MGI-L�z for homogeneous wireless sensor networks based upon the framework of LEACH such as the network is divided into multi groups to prevent the concentration of cluster head in a particular area of the network, and the cluster head selection is based on high residual energy and a short distance from the base station (BS) in each communication round, which minimizes the communication energy of wireless sensor nodes, and hence, increases lifetime of the whole network. Simulations using MATLAB software show improved lifetime in different levels of Grouping compared to the classical algorithm LEACH.
Cloud computing is a new development of grid, parallel, and distributed computing with visualization techniques. It is changing the IT industry in a prominent way. Cloud computing has grown due to its advantages like storage capacity, resources pooling and multi-tenancy. On the other hand, the cloud is an open environment and since all the services are offered over the Internet, there is a great deal of uncertainty about security and privacy at various levels. This paper aims to address security and privacy issues threatening the cloud computing adoption by end users. Cloud providers are mindful of cloud security and privacy issues and are working hardly to address them. Few of these threats have been addressed, but many more threats still unsolved. This paper focused on cloud computing security and privacy threats, challenges, and issues. Furthermore, some of the countermeasures to these threats will be discussed and synthesized. Finally, possible solutions for each type of threats will be introduced before we end with conclusions and future work.
In any programming language source code, the code that is repeated is called the clone. The clone detections have got much attention in the recent years. In literature there are a number of clone detection techniques have been proposed. These techniques includes CP-Miner, CC-Finder etc. each of these techniques attempts to detect the clone from the source code of various programming languages. In this study, we will provide comprehensive details of the various clone detection techniques proposed so far. These techniques have been critically evaluated based on a no of efficiency measure parameters. In our future work we will propose our own clone detection technique that will more efficient and accurate in terms of code clone detection from multiple programming languages.
Securing the communication channels only, cannot guaranty end-to-end security in SOA based systems. To provide complete security, there is need to provide security at application level for SOA based systems. But it is a great challenge for the developer of the web services to implement the security during development of the web services. In this paper we have proposed a model, which will automate the generation of security policies for web services. This system will facilitate and enable the developers of the web services, to generate and implement security policies during the development of the web services, without having intensive knowledge of the security domain and the underlying system. The proposed system will also make the application level experts independent of the security experts for the generation and implementation of the security policy for the development of the web services.
Wireless sensor network is vulnerable to various attacks due to the deployment in hostile environment. Among various types of security threats, low power sensor nodes are affected by the attacks that cause random drainage of the energy level of sensors. It leads to the death of nodes. The denial of sleep attack is the most dangerous type of attack in this category. Most of the existing approaches to detect denial of sleep attack involve lot of overhead, which lead to poor throughput. In this survey, different approaches for the detection and prevention of denial of sleep attacks in wireless sensor networks are described.
This research proposes a new secure token profile for improving the existing Web Services security standards. It provides a new authentication mechanism. This additional level of security is important for the ServiceOriented Architecture (SOA), which is an architectural style that uses a set of principles and design rules to shape interacting applications and maintain interoperability. Web Services is one of the technologies to implement SOA and it can be implemented using Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). A SOAP-based Web Service relies on XML for its message format and common application layer protocols for message negotiation and transmission. However, it is a security challenge when a message is transmitted over the network, especially on the Internet. The Organization for Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) announced a set of Web Services Security standards that focus on two major areas. “Who” can use the Web Service and “What” are the permissions. However, the location or domain of the message sender is not authenticated. Therefore, a new secure token profile is proposed for enhancing existing Web Service security standards and illustrates its performance advantage over existing WS Security standards.
CPU scheduling is the basis of multi-programmed operating systems. The scheduler is accountable for multiplexing processes on the CPU. By switching the CPU among processes, the operating system results in the computer more prolific. Various CPU scheduling algorithms exist for a multi-programmed operating system like First Come First Served (FCFS), Shortest Job First (SJF), Shortest Remaining Time Next (SRTN) and Round Robin (RR) scheduling algorithm. This paper has threefold objective. Firstly, it throws light on a new-fangled CPU scheduling algorithm called MIN-MAX whichbehaves as both preemptive and non-preemptive algorithm basis on the burst time. Secondly, it would helps to understand how MIN-MAXalgorithm improves the CPU efficiency in multi programming operating system and also trims down the starvation problem amongprocesses. Thirdly, it focuses on the comparative study of the existing algorithms on basis of various scheduling parameters with the proposed algorithm MIN-MAX.
Brain tumor is one the most common or major reason for death among individuals. It is apparent that survival of chances of patient could be expanded if tumor is identified at its initial stage. In this research work, we have developed a simple approach for detection of brain tumor which is based on the method using Euclidean distance classifier and making use of feature vector table and which over comes the limitations of conventional in which combination of supervised and unsupervised learning have been implemented to build cancer detection system, as there is huge overhead in this approach and there is a need to maintain large size training datasets. The new proposed method first convert the image into indexed image, than after de noising it with 3*3 mean filter, it conducts the block wise scanning to get feature set of statistical features in both frequency and time domain and finally based on Euclidean distance measures an optimized tumor part is segmented which is ROI (region of interest) then this segmented part is validated and test to arrive at exact brain tumor part required. The result show high reduction of time, increases specificity with better accuracy in terms of true positive rates.
Cloud computing is a new rising paradigm, consists a pool of virtual resources for cloud users, where they can access, build and use different operations as per their need by just agree upon the contract called Service Level Agreement (SLA) with the cloud provider. Task Allocation and Storage Distribution are the two discussable issues while talking about cloud storage (Collection of VMs). Thus it is very important to the cloud provider for choosing highly efficient and maximum profitable scheduling and load leveling strategy to allocate resources to the various customers for their different operations. In this article a cost effective load balancing scheme for cloud computing is proposed that increases the performance of the resources by decreasing migration time and response time. The proposed system has a new task scheduling with load balancing technique (T S L B algorithm) associated with compression technique to increase resource utilization and to speed up the process.
This paper presents a new approach to be used for people detection and tracking in image sequences based on color control points and skin color modeling. This method aims to track these people in complex situations such as players on a soccer field. Each person in the image is represented by several control points which are obtained using a color version of the Harris algorithm detector. Each control point is characterized by the local appearance which is a vector of local characteristics. Then we determine the rules that define the skin regions in three different color spaces such as RGB, HSV and YCbCr, and we apply these rules to our images to segment skin regions. Using a set of control points and skin regions allows us to track a person by matching control points based on the measure of ZNCC correlation «Zero mean Normalized Cross Correlation». The simulations and experimental results show the robustness of our algorithms in terms of stability and convergence. Performance is illustrated by some examples. Thus, our method fits well with the noise conditions.
Semantic Web add to all these resources that allow computer systems to understand the meaning by accessing collections of information and inference rules that can be used to drive reasoning automated to better satisfy user requirements. Standard description of Web resources proposed by the W3C, as the name implies, RDF (Resource Description Framework) is a meta-data used to guide the description of resources, to make it more structured information necessary for engines research and, more generally, to all necessary computer automated tool for analyzing web pages. The web is a new web sematique or all Web resources are described by metadata, which allows machines better use of these resources. Considering as a foundation specification FOAF (Friend Of A Friend), we use semantic structures (RDFa) to create an ontology and technologies in which it is implemented.Create a conceptual model (eg, an ontology) for personas and their uses in the context of human- computer interaction we will present some screenshots of execution of application.
With increase in the number of Web services, the complexity involved in finding appropriate services for the given user’s request also increases. So, selection of appropriate services has become an important task while processing the request. Initially, service selection is based on the matchmaking algorithm, but as there are number of identical and overlapping services for a single request, a mechanism needs to be defined to determine which services will participate in selection of the given request. Though ranking methodology considers the need of requestor, it does not consider other constraints like functional and non functional qualities. To meet these kinds of constraints, QoS based web service selection has been chosen. This approach maximizes the user satisfaction by composing the qualities of web service using Fuzzy rule based system. This allows imprecise information and help to model highly complex problems that have multi dimensional data. This method is experimented and the results prove better selection when compared with conventional methods.
