GIS has the potential to be an effective and developmentally appropriate tool for presenting and enabling interaction with primary sources, as well as visually situating them in time and space for K-12 students. The authors present a justification of GIS as a tool of digital historical inquiry and art education. They share a case study that used GIS to engage elementary students with a wide variety of sources. The authors suggest that students developed more complex notions of the Caribbean through their engagement with sources through GIS. This article aims to inspire archivists and educators to use GIS to make sources more accessible for, develop critical thinking in, and empower K-12 students.Keywords: CaribbeancartographyK-12 social studiesprimary source literacyvisual literacycritical thinking skills Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 John K. Lee, “Digital History in the History/Social Studies Classroom,” The History Teacher 35, no. 4 (2002): 503–517.2 Okabe describes Geographic Information System (GIS) as computer-based (digital) methods/tools for processing, organizing, and visualizing geographic data. Atsuyuki Okabe, “Introduction,” in GIS-Based Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences, edited by Atsuyuki Okabe (Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2006), 1–17.; The Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) describes GIS as pairing information with geographic locations. Before GIS was developed, data was plotted on a map by hand. In the last 40 years, GIS has become widely used to visualize information in almost every field by improving communication, efficiency, management of data, and decision making. “What is GIS,” ESRI, Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., https://www.esri.com/en-us/what-is-gis/overview (accessed April 10, 2023).3 Steven J. Steinberg and Sheila L. Steinberg, Geographic Information Systems for the Social Sciences: Investigating Space and Place (Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2005), 212.4 Keith C. Barton, “A Sociocultural Perspective on Children’s Understanding of Historical Change: Comparative Findings from Northern Ireland and the United States,” American Educational Research Journal 38 no. 4 (2001), 907.5 Currently we work with upper elementary (fourth and fifth grade) students from Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic, San Juan, Puerto Rico, and Miami, Florida, in whole class virtual settings. One reason we have done the workshops virtually is because of COVID-19 travel and school visitation restrictions. However, in settings where students can use individual technology, students could navigate through the GIS on their own or in small groups to complete the inquiry-based lesson presented by the teacher.6 Chris Bunin, Emily Driver, Andrew Dojack, Teresa Goodin, Randy, Scott, Donna Shifflett, Kristin Shuman, Casey Stanton, and Julie Stavitski, “#YOUCANMAPTHAT!,” (National Humanities Center, 2017), 11; Gökmen Güneş, Alaatinn Arıkan, and Turhan Çetin, “Analysing the Effect of Authentic Learning Activities on Achievement in Social Studies and Attitudes Towards Geographic Information System (GIS),” Participatory Educational Research 7 no. 3 (2020): 247–64.7 Michael F. Goodchild Karen K. Kemp, “NCGIA Education Activities: The Core Curriculum and Beyond,” International Journal of Geographical Information Systems 6 no. 4 (1992): 309–320.8 Timothy A. Keiper, “GIS for Elementary Students: An Inquiry into a New Approach to Learning Geography”, Journal of Geography 98 no. 2 (1999): 48.9 Eui-kyung Shin, “Using Geographic Information System (GIS) Technology to Enhance Elementary Students’ Geographic understanding,” Theory & Research in Social Education 35 no. 2 (2007): 235.10 Scott M. Waring and Cheryl A. Franklin Torrez, C., “Using Digital Primary Sources to Teach Historical Perspective to Preservice Teachers,” Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education 10 no. 3 (2010): 294–308.11 Catherine Delano Smith, “Maps as Art and Science: Maps in Sixteenth Century Bibles,” Imago Mundi 42 (1990), 65–83.12 Elliot W. Eisner, “The Primacy of Experience and the Politics of Method,” Educational Researcher 17 no. 5 (1988), 15–20.13 Padron uses the term “ideological transparency,” which we have interpreted as neutrality. Ricardo Padrón, The Spacious Word: Cartography, Literature, and Empire in Early Modern Spain (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004), 39.14 Annette Joseph-Gabriel, “Home,” Mapping Marronage https://www.mappingmarronage.com (accessed April 10, 2023).15 Vincent Brown, “Home,” Slave Revolt in Jamaica, 1760–1761: A Cartographic Narrative http://revolt.axismaps.com/ (accessed April 10, 2023).16 Stephanie Curci and Chris Jones, “Mapping the Haitian Revolution,” https://www.mappinghaitianrevolution.com/ (accessed April 10, 2023).17 Andrew Sluyter, “Home,” “The Atlantic Networks Project,” https://sites.google.com/site/atlanticnetworksproject/home (accessed April 11, 2023).18 Vincent Brown, “Home,” Two Plantations http://www.twoplantations.com/ (accessed April 12, 2023).19 Marlene H. Gaynair, “Islands in the North: Making Place and Space in Black Toronto,” https://islandsinthenorth.com/ (accessed April 13, 2023).20 Alexandra Cenatus, Ivanna Moreno, and Margarita Vargas-Betancourt, “Exhibits: The Haitian American dream timeline,” University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries, https://exhibits.uflib.ufl.edu/HaitianAmericanDream/ (accessed April 14, 2023).21 Katiana Bagué and Alexis Baldacc, “Exhibits: The Cuban American Dream Timeline,” University of Florida, George A. Smathers Libraries, https://exhibits.uflib.ufl.edu/cubanamericandream/ (accessed April 11, 2023).22 Kaiama L. Glover and Alex Gil, “Intersections,” In the same boats, https://sameboats.org/#/intersections (accessed April 20, 2023).23 Yilin Andre Wang, “Mapping LGBTQ + Caribbean Literature,” last modified 2017, https://queercaribbeanlit.wordpress.com (accessed April 12, 2023).24 Seanna Viechweg, “Mapping Caribbean Sci-Fi & Fantasy Writers: Tracing the Movement and History of Caribbean Sf & Fantasy Across the Global South, US & UK,” [StoryMap], April 15, 2021, https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/9d0f222f84be41c5b723dc8f173e5751 (accessed May 12, 2023).25 Yarimar Bonilla and Max Hantel, “Visualizing Sovereignty: Cartographic Queries for the Digital Age”, sx archipelagos, 1 (2016). http://www.smallaxe.net/sxarchipelagos/issue01/bonilla-visualizing.html.26 National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS), The College, Career, and Civic Life (C3) Framework for Social Studies State Standards: Guidance for Enhancing the Rigor of K-12 Civics, Economics, Geography, and History (Silver Spring, MD: NCSS, 2013), www.socialstudies.org/system/files/2022/c3-framework-for-social-studies-rev0617.2.pdf. The C3 Framework is a set of interlocking and mutually supportive principles that frame what students should learn about in social studies and how they should learn it.27 Library of Congress, “Teachers’ Guide: Analyzing Maps,” https://www.loc.gov/static/programs/teachers/getting-started-with-primary-sources/documents/Analyzing_Maps.pdf.28 The Inquiry Arc of the National Council for the Social Studies’ C3 introduces the term “compelling question,” which addresses problems and issues found in and across the academic disciplines that make up social studies. In this case, the question “What is the Caribbean?” underlines current debates about what are the spatial and symbolic limits of the region.29 Alain Manesson Mallet, The Islet Guanahani or San Salvador [Engraving], Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Guanahani#/media/File:Alain_Manesson_Mallet_-_circa_1685_-_The_Islet_Guanahani_or_San_Salvador_-_Fig_22.jpg (accessed April 12, 2023).30 Fragment of the Diario del primer viaje de Colón (1492/1995): “12 de octubre de 1492 […]Y todos los que yo vi eran jóvenes, ninguno tenía más de treinta años. Eran bien proporcionados, de muy hermosos cuerpos y muy buenas caras. Tenían los cabellos gruesos como las colas de caballos y corto. Los cabellos los traen por encima de las cejas, excepto en la parte de atrás que los llevan largos, porque nunca se los cortaban. Su piel no era blanca ni negra y la pintaban de negro, blanco y rojo. No traían armas ni las conocen.” Christopher Columbus, Diario del primer viaje de Colón, ed. Fray Bartolomé de las Casas, rev. ed. (1995; repr., 1530s), 398, https://juancarloslemusstave.files.wordpress.com/2014/07/diarios-de-colc3b3n.pdf.31 Theodore de Bry, Engraving of Columbus arriving in America, 1594, (engraving). 186mm × 196mm, RijksMuseum, Amsterdam https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/collectie/RP-P-BI-5278.32 Sebastiano del Piombo, Portrait of a Man, Said to be Christopher Columbus (born about 1446, died 1506), 1519, oil on canvas, 42 × 34 3/4 in. (106.7 x 88.3 cm), The Met. New York, https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/437645.33 Fragment of Relacion acerca de las antigüedades de los Indios (1494), by Fray Ramón Pané:“La Española tiene una provincia llamada Caonao, en la que está una montaña, que se llama Cauta, que tiene dos cuevas nombradas Cacibajagua una y Amayaúna la otra. De Cacibajagua salió la mayor parte de la gente que pobló la isla.” Pane’s landmark account is the first book written in a European language on American soil—inadvertently registered Tainos’ spatial descriptions of Hispaniola. Ramon Pané, Relación acerca de las antigüedades de los Indios, 3rd ed. (Antigua: Siglo Veintiuno, 1988), 22.34 The YouTube video is not a primary source, yet it allows students to observe the complex society the Taino had built before Columbus arrived. It provides an example of the way archivists and teachers could present audio and visual sources through GIS. Carmen Diaz, Canción de los Taínos (video). From YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8klBRFnNIg.35 “Human systems represent the settlement and structures created by people on Earth’s surface. The growth, distribution and movements of people are driving forces behind human and physical events. Geographers study patterns in cultures and the changes that result from human processes, migrations and the diffusion of new cultural traits.” Ohio Department of Education. “Ohio’s Learning Standards: Social Studies,” (2018), 18. https://education.ohio.gov/getattachment/Topics/Learning-in-Ohio/Social-Studies/Ohio-s-Learning-Standards-for-Social-Studies/SSFinalStandards01019.pdf.aspx?lang=en-US (accessed April 18, 2023).36 Currently, we are in the process of building a more accessible platform for teachers and K-12 students.Additional informationNotes on contributorsAlexander S. ButlerAlexander S. Butler, Ph.D. is an assistant professor of elementary social studies methods and content at Bowling Green State University in the School of Inclusive Teacher Education. His research interests include pre-service teachers’ conceptions of teaching and learning and their knowledge of history. He also studies Caribbean students’ conceptions of the cultures, histories, and identities of the Caribbean.Medardo Gabriel RosarioMedardo Gabriel Rosario, Ph.D. is an assistant professor of Spanish literature in the Department of Modern Languages at Florida International University. His academic research revolves around two themes: the influence of Cervantes on the work of Latin American authors and the representation of the Caribbean in cartography and literature developed during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in Europe.
Selecting appropriate technical tools for archival work is vital to improving the quality and experience of archivists' work. Airtable is a cloud-based software that combines features of traditional spreadsheets and databases for more robust ways of compiling, organizing, and understanding data. Through five case studies, the authors demonstrate the positive impact that choosing Airtable has had on their institutions. They have created more productive workflows, automated cumbersome manual processes, and improved communication between teams. By recounting their practical applications of Airtable, the authors hope to inspire others to consider how the right tool could markedly improve their work lives.
In the past, programmes to bring archives to the people of South Africa were designed but failed to meet their objectives. This study explores the use of murals as ‘extended archives’ to bring archives to the people of South Africa. Qualitative data were collected through observation and interviews with mural viewers in three purposively chosen sites. The findings imply that murals can be used as ‘extended archives’ to bring archives closer to the people. Such murals can be described and indexed for easy identification and further digitised and displayed on social media to promote archives.
This paper reports findings from a survey conducted to understand freelancing activities among archivists. Although most survey respondents preferred permanent jobs, many of them were forced to freelance for various reasons. More survey respondents believed the number and percentage of freelance archivists will increase than those who believed otherwise. Archival educators were expected to prepare archives management students for a freelance career. To support freelance archivists, professional associations need to offer more continuing education courses or workshop tailored to freelance archivists and consider creating a freelance website for archival services in collaboration with closely related professions.Keywords: Freelance archivistsarchivesarchives managementfreelance websites Notes1 Andrew Burke and Marc Cowling, “The Use and Value of Freelancers: The Perspective of Managers,” International Review of Entrepreneurship 13, no. 1 (2015): 9.2 André Van Stel and Nardo de Vries, “The Economic Value of Different Types of Solo Self-Employed: A Review,” International Review of Entrepreneurship 13, no. 2 (2015): 79.3 Andrew Burke, The Freelance Project and Gig Economies of the 21st Century (London: Centre for Research on Self-Employment (CRSE), 2019), 6. https://crse.co.uk/research/freelance-project-and-gig-economies-21st-century.4 Allessandro Gandini, “The Rise of a Freelance Economy,” in The Reputation Economy. (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56107-7_25 See these two reports: Adam Ozimek, “Freelance Forward Economist Report,” https://www.upwork.com/research/freelance-forward-2021 (accessed December 19, 2022); Edelman Intelligence, “Freelance Forward,” https://web.archive.org/web/20211228021737/ https://www.upwork.com/documents/freelance-forward-2020.6 Here is a list of articles related to freelance archivists: William Olmstadt, “A Contract Archivist For A Brief Project In A Health Sciences Library: Case Study And Management Implications,” Journal of Library Administration 58, no. 6 (2018): 617–628; Virginia Stewart, “Transactions in Archival Consulting,” The Midwestern Archivist (1985): 107–115; Richard J. Cox, Archives and Archivists in the Information Age. Neal-Schuman, 2005; Pam Hackbart-Dean, “If One Wants a Good Result, One Needs a Good Consult,” Provenance, Journal of the Society of Georgia Archivists 25, no. 1 (2007): 2; Karen Benedict, “The Records Management and Archives Consultant,” In Using Consultants in Libraries and Information Centers, ed. Edward D. Garten (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1992); John T. Phillips, “Preparing to be a RIM Consultant.” Information Management 34, no. 1 (2000): 58; de Courcy, K., and Donald, M. (2013). “Freelance Minuet: The Organisation and the Contractor.” Archifacts, (2013): 56–64.7 Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Occupational Outlook Handbook, Archivists, Curators, and Museum Workers,” (2022), https://www.bls.gov/ooh/education-training-and-library/curators-museum-technicians-and-conservators.htm; https://data.bls.gov/projections/nationalMatrix?queryParams=25-4011&ioType=o (accessed September 26, 2023)8 Makala Skinner and Ioana G. Hulbert, “A*CENSUS II All Archivists Survey Report,” (2022): 10–17, https://sr.ithaka.org/publications/acensus-ii-all-archivists-survey-report/ (accessed December 19, 2022).9 Burke, “The Freelance Project and Gig Economies of the 21st Century” 10 Jinfang Niu,” An Online Marketplace for Archival Services”, Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print (2022):2. https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-09-2021-016211 Edelman Intelligence, “Freelance Forward”.12 Laura Schmidt, “Using Archives: A guide to effective research,” (2016), https://www2.archivists.org/usingarchives (accessed December 20, 2022).13 Census Bureau, “Race and Ethnicity,” (2017), https://www.cosb.us/home/showpublisheddocument/5935/637356700118370000 (accessed December 19, 2022).14 Skinner and Hulbert, “A*CENSUS II All Archivists Survey Report”15 Pam Hackbart-Dean, “If One Wants a Good Result, One Needs a Good Consult.” Provenance, Journal of the Society of Georgia Archivists 25, no. 1 (2007): 6–7.16 Melody Condron, “Identifying Individual and Institutional Motivations in Personal Digital Archiving.” Preservation, Digital Technology & Culture (PDT&C) 48, no. 1 (2019): 28–37.17 Niu, Jinfang. “The Need for Shared Personal/Family Archivists.” Archival Science 21, no. 3 (2021): 219–241.18 A podcast with a written summary. Kathleen Davis, “Why So Many People are Freelancing?” March 21, 2022, https://www.fastcompany.com/90732237/why-are-so-many-people-freelancing19 Edelman Intelligence, “Freelance Forward”.20 Ozimek, “Freelance Forward Economist Report”.21 Edelman Intelligence, Freelance Forward.22 MichaelWynn, “Organising Freelancers: A Hard Case or A New Opportunity.” The Handbook of Research on Freelancing and Self-employment (2015): 111–120.23 Andrew Burke, and Marc Cowling. “The Role of Freelancers in Entrepreneurship and Small Business.” Small Business Economics 55, no. 2 (2020): 390.24 Edmund Heery, Hazel Conley, Rick Delbridge, and Paul Stewart. “Beyond the Enterprise: Trade Union Representation of Freelances in the UK,” Human Resource Management Journal 14, no. 2 (2004): 20–35.25 Niu, “An Online Marketplace for Archival Services” 26 Ditto.27 Sarah Poutch, “Building an Archivist: Exploring Career Paths in Our Profession Since 2008 (an Irish Perspective).” Archives and Records 37, no. 2 (2016): 167.28 A Webinar hosted by Rachel Woody, “The Basics of a Consulting Business”, (2019), https://www.freeconferencecall.com/wall/recorded_audio?audioRecordingUrl=https%3A//rs0000.freeconferencecall.com/storage/sgetFCC2/Hdsew/I05TB&subscriptionId=9763152 (accessed December 19, 2022).29 Margot Note, Creating Family Archives: A Step-By-Step Guide to Saving Your Memories for Future Generations (Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2019).
A sustainable collection development in a national library requires long-term public trust. This article aims to clarify the necessity and priority of preserving conventional and unconventional types of documents as a national collection based on questionnaire surveys in Japan, focusing on public perceptions. The findings indicated that the public need conventional media such as books and journals with a high priority for preservation whereas the level of necessity and priority for archiving unconventional media, such as computer games and social media content, remains low. A logistic analysis suggests that time and exposure to unconventional media can gradually alter public attitude.Keywords: Cultural documentnational collectionnational librarypublic trustsurvey experiment Notes1 Godfrey Burston, “National Libraries: An Analysis, International,” Library Review 5, no. 2 (1973): 183–94. doi:10.1016/S0020-7837(73)80043-3; Adrienne Muir, “Legal Deposit and Preservation of Digital Publications: A Review of Research and Development Activity,” Journal of Documentation, 57, no. 5 (2001): 652–82. doi:10.1108/EUM0000000007097; Paul Gooding, Melissa Terras, and Linda Berube, “Identifying the Future Direction of Legal Deposit in the United Kingdom: The Digital Library Futures Approach,” Journal of Documentation, 77, no. 5 (2021): 1154–72. doi:10.1108/JD-09-2020-0159.2 Peggy Johnson, Fundamentals of Collection Development and Management, 4th edn. (London: Facet Publishing, 2018), 1.3 Paul Gooding and Melissa Terras, eds., Electronic Legal Deposit: Shaping the Library Collections of the Future (London: Facet Publishing, 2019); Maria Ryan, Della Keating, and Joanna Finegan, “Managing and Accessing Web Archives: Irish Practitioners’ Perspectives,” AI & Society 37 (2022): 975–84. doi:10.1007/s00146-021-01364-0.4 Fernando Báez, A Universal History of the Destruction of Books: From Ancient Sumer to Modern Iraq, trans. Alfred MacAdam (New York, NY: Atlas & Co., 2008).5 Alex Byrne, The Politics of Promoting Freedom of Information and Expression in International Librarianship: The IFLA/FAIFE Project (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2007), 17–18.6 Richard Ovenden, Burning the Books: A History of the Deliberate Destruction of Knowledge (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2020), 197–215.7 Jan T. Jasion, The International Guide to Legal Deposit (London: Routledge, 1991).8 Sara D. Thomson, “Preserving Social Media” (DPC Technology Watch Report 16-01, Digital Preservation Coalition, 2016). doi:10.7207/twr16-01.9 Niels Brügger, The archived web: doing history in the digital age (MA: MIT Press, 2018); Ian Milligan, History in the Age of Abundance? How the Web is Transforming Historical Research (Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2019).10 Terry Kuny, (1997). “A Digital Dark Age? Challenges in the Preservation of Electronic Information,” (paper presented at 63rd IFLA Council and General Conference, 1997). http://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla63/63kuny1.pdf (accessed August 31, 2022).11 Michael Moss and David Thomas, eds., Archival Silences: Missing, Lost and, Uncreated Archives (London: Routledge, 2021).12 Ryo Shiozaki, “People’s Perceptions on Social Media Archiving by the National Library of Japan,” Journal of Information Science (advance online publication), doi:10.1177/01655515221108692.13 Jean Lunn, “Guidelines for Legal Deposit Legislation” (UNESCO, 1981), 3, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000046869 (accessed August 31, 2022).14 UNESCO, “Charter on the Preservation of the Digital Heritage” (UNESCO, 2009), https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000179529 (accessed August 31, 2022).15 Colin Webb, ed., “Guidelines for the Preservation of Digital Heritage” (UNESCO, 2003). https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000130071 (accessed August 31, 2022).16 IFLA, “Statement on Legal Deposit” (IFLA, 2011). https://www.ifla.org/publications/ifla-statement-on-legal-deposit-2011/ (accessed August 31, 2022); Ingrid Parent, Claire McGuire, Anthea Seles, Davide Storti, Fackson Banda, Frédéric Blin, Gordon McKenna, Ivy Lee, Jenna Murdock Smith, Julia Chee, et al., “The UNESCO/PERSIST Guidelines for the Selection of Digital Heritage for Long-Term Preservation” (IFLA, 2021), https://repository.ifla.org/handle/123456789/1863 (accessed August 31, 2022).17 Jonathan Pledge and Eleanor Dickens, “Process and Progress: Working with Born-Digital Material in the Wendy Cope Archive at the British Library,” Archives and Manuscripts 46, no. 1 (2018): 59–69. doi:10.1080/01576895.2017.1408024.18 Robert J. Morris, “Electronic Documents and the History of the Late Twentieth Century: Black Holes or Warehouses,” in History and Electronic Artifacts, edited by Edward Higgs (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997), 31–48.19 Richard Entlich, “Blog Today, Gone Tomorrow? Preservation of Weblogs,” RLG DigiNews 8, no. 4 (2004). http://web.archive.org/web/20051230083041/http://www.rlg.org/en/page.php?Page_ID=19481#article3 (accessed August 31, 2022).20 Adam Tsakalidis, Marya Bazzi, Mihai Cucuringu, Pierpaolo Basile, and Barbara McGillivray, “Mining the UK Web Archive for Semantic Change Detection,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (2019): 1212–1221. doi:10.26615/978-954-452-056-4_139.21 Jasion, The International Guide to Legal Deposit, 7.22 Graham Greenleaf and David Lindsay, Public Rights: Copyright’s Public Domains (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), 153–7.23 Wallace Koehler, “An Analysis of Web Page and Web Site Constancy and Permanence,” Journal of the American Society for Information Science 50, no. 2 (1999): 162–80; Fatih Oguz and Wallace Koehler, “URL Secay at Year 20: A Research Note,” Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 67, no. 2 (2016): 477–9. doi:10.1002/asi.23561.24 William R. Wilkerson, “The Emergence of Internet Citations in US Supreme Court Opinions,” The Justice System Journal 27, no. 3 (2006): 323–38. doi: 10.1080/0098261X.2006.10767811.25 Niels Brügger, “Digital Humanities and Web Archives: Possible New Paths for Combining Datasets,” International Journal of Digital Humanities 2 (2021): 145–68. doi:10.1007/s42803-021-00038-z.26 Emilia C. Bell, “Understanding Soft Power Discourse in the National Library of Australia,” Journal of Documentation (advance online publication), doi:10.1108/JD-11-2021-0231.27 Maurice B. Line, “The Next Ten Years in National Libraries: An Overview,” Alexandria 12, no. 3 (2000): 199–200. doi:10.1177/095574900001200310.28 Giuseppe Vitiello, “Legal Deposit Throughout the European Community: Results of an Enquiry,” Alexandria 5, no. 1 (1993): 41–52. doi:10.1177/095574909300500103.; Adrienne Muir and J. Eric Davies, “Legal Deposit of Digital Material in the UK: Recent Developments and the International Context,” Alexandria 12, no. 3 (2000): 151–66. doi:10.1177/095574900001200303; Unni Knutsen and Francisca Movilla Lopez, “Survey on the State of National Bibliographies in Latin America” (IFLA, 2004). http://www.ifla.org/VII/s12/pubs/s12-national-bibliography-latinamerica.pdf (accessed August 31, 2022); Unni Knutsen, “Survey on the State of National Bibliographies in Asia” (IFLA, 2006). https://www.ifla.org/publications/survey-on-the-state-of-national-bibliographies-in-asia/ (accessed August 31, 2022).29 Paul McCormick and Michael Williamson, “Legal Deposit and Electronic Publishing: Results of a Survey,” Alexandria 2, no. 3 (1990): 51–63. doi:10.1177/095574909000200305.30 David Haynes, “Electronic Publications: An Agenda for National Libraries and Publishers,” Alexandria 11, no. 3 (1999): 167–79. doi:10.1177/095574909901100304.31 Frederick Zarndt, Dorothy Carner, Edward McCain, Tanja Clausen, and Stephen Wyber, “Results of the 2017 Survey of Electronic Legal Deposit Policies and Practices at National Libraries” (IFLA, 2018. https://www.ifla.org/news/results-of-the-survey-of-digital-legal-deposit-policies-and-practices-at-national-libraries/ (accessed August 31, 2022); Peter Roudik, Kelly Buchanan, Tariq Ahmad, Laney Zhang, Nerses Isajanyan, Nicolas Boring, Jenny Gesley, Ruth Levush, Dante Figueroa, Sayuri Umeda, et al., “Digital Legal Deposit in Selected Jurisdictions” (The Law Library of Congress, 2018). https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.law/llglrd.2018299330 (accessed August 31, 2022).32 UNESCO PERSIST, “Survey on National/federal Policies and Strategies on the Preservation of Digital Heritage” (UNESCO, 2017). https://unescopersist.files.wordpress.com/2017/09/reportsurveypersistpoliciesstrategies-1-5.pdf (accessed August 31, 2022).33 Sally Chambers, Julie Birkholz, Friedel Geeraert, Jessica Pranger, Fien Messens, Sven Lieber, Peter Mechant, Alejandra Michel, and Eveline Vlassenroot, “BESOCIAL Final Report Work Package 1: An International Review of Social Media Archiving Initiatives” (BESOCIAL Project, 2021), https://orfeo.belnet.be/handle/internal/7741 (accessed August 31, 2022).34 Moisés Rockembach, “Inequalities in Digital Memory: Wthical and Geographical Aspects of Web Archiving,” The International Review of Information Ethics 26 (2017): 138. doi:10.29173/irie286.35 Muir and Davies, “Legal Deposit of Digital Material in the UK”, 156.36 Lunn, “Guidelines for Legal Deposit Legislation”.37 Jules Larivière, “Guidelines for Legal Deposit Legislation.” (IFLA, 2000), http://archive.ifla.org/VII/s1/gnl/legaldep1.htm (accessed August 31, 2022).38 Peter Hoare, “Legal Deposit of Electronic Publications and Other Non-print Material: An International Overview,” Alexandria 9, no. 1, (1997): 76. doi:10.1177/095574909700900104.39 Sarah Welland and Amanda Cossham, “Defining the Undefinable: An Analysis of Definitions of Community Archives,” Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication 68, no. 8/9 (2019): 617–34. doi:10.1108/GKMC-04-2019-0049; Amanda Wick, “We’re all Vegans Here: The Twenty-first Century Archival Ecosystem,” Journal of Archival Organization 14, no. 1–2 (2017): 13–34. doi:10.1080/15332748.2018.1503020; Dima Saber and Paul Long, “‘I Will Not Leave, My Freedom is More Precious than My Blood’. From Affect to Precarity: Crowd-sourced Citizen Archives as Memories of the Syrian War,” Archives and Records 38, no. 1 (2017): 80–99. doi:10.1080/23257962.2016.1274256.40 National Diet Library, “An Overview of Japan’s Legal Deposit System,” CDNLAO Newsletter 98 (2021). https://www.ndl.go.jp/en/cdnlao/newsletter/098/985.html (accessed August 31, 2022).41 IFLA. “Statement on Legal Deposit”.42 Ryo Shiozaki, “Future Uncertainties for Preserving Tweets: Peoples’ Perceptions in Japan,” Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, (advance online publication), doi:10.1177/09610006211037392; Shiozaki, “People’s perceptions on social media archiving”.43 Asako Miura and Tetsuro Kobayashi, “Survey Satisficing Inflates Stereotypical Responses in Online Experiment: The Case of Immigration Study,” Frontiers in Psychology 7 (2016): 1563. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01563.44 Guido W. Imbens and Donald B. Rubin, Causal Inference for Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences: An Introduction (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015), 3–22.45 Stefanie Eifler and Knut Petzold, “Validity Aspects of Vignette Experiments: Expected ‘What-if’ Differences between Reports of Behavioral Intentions and Actual Behaviour,” in Experimental Methods in Survey Research: Techniques that Combine Random Sampling with Random Assignment, edited by Paul Lavrakas, Michael Traugott, Courtney Kennedy, Allyson Holbrook, Edith de Leeuw, and Brady West. (NJ: Wiley, 2019), 393–416.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP22K12720.Notes on contributorsRyo ShiozakiRyo Shiozaki is currently a professor at Seigakuin University. Prior to that, he was employed at the National Diet Library, Japan. His main area of study concerns digital preservation, personal digital archiving, and document theory. Shiozaki’s work has been published in Journal of Documentation, Journal of Information Science, Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, Libri, among others.
The Archival Science Study Program, run by the Vocational College at Universitas Gadjah Mada, has produced numerous oral history archives since 1997 and has contributed diverse themes through the Oral History Program course in practical subjects. These oral history archives can be used by the public, through information technology, to facilitate knowledge transfer and as oral evidence using the ARISAN (Arsip Sejarah Lisan) mobile application. This study aims to describe the implementation of the oral history archives dissemination program, as one of the models used for oral evidence, as well as for recording the oral history published in the community.
Abstract This study discusses the results of a 2020 survey of 60 archival professionals focused on how archivists and special collections librarians develop their management skills. The study found that although most respondents reported feeling moderately confident about their management skills, most felt that their graduate archival or library education had “slightly prepared” them for the managerial duties of their current position. Rather than learning management skills through their MLIS programs, respondents acquired theses skills largely through professional development opportunities offered by the workplace.
