Rhizome extract of Amomum muricatum was evaluated for antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in HT-29 colon cancer cells. Antiproliferative activity was assessed using MTT assay, and apoptosis by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Cell cycle analysis was done by flow cytometry. The colon cancer cells expressing nuclear targeted Green fluorescent proteins were used for analyzing the effect of the extract on the growth of tumor spheres. Increasing extract concentrations reduced cell viability, with only 25.12 +/- 2.74% viable cells at 100 & micro;g mL-1. The extract induced apoptosis and caused G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Treatment also reduced the size and number of tumor spheroids.
Crassocephalum crepidioides (Family:Asteraceae) is a traditionally consumed leafy plant with promising bioactive properties. This study evaluated its antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial potential and profiled bioactive constituents using GC-MS. Among aqueous, methanol, acetone, and n-hexane extracts, the methanolic extract exhibited the highest phenolic content (51.83 mg GAE g(-)& sup1; extract) and strongest antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50 = 51.9 & micro;g mL(-)& sup1;). The n-hexane extract showed greater alpha-amylase inhibition (IC50 = 188.09 & micro;g mL(-)& sup1;), while the methanolic extract demonstrated notable alpha-glucosidase inhibition and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. These findings highlight C. crepidioides as a promising source of health-promoting phytochemicals.
This study examined phytochemical profiling and in-vitro antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory potential of crude extracts from E. kologa. The methanol extract of the bark displayed the highest flavonoid and phenolic content, correlating with strong antioxidant activity. The DPPH assay, IC50 value of 14.88 & micro;g mL-1 for the bark methanol extract was close to ascorbic acid(14.56 & micro;g mL-1). Methanol extract of both bark and leaf displayed significant antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis. Additionally, leaf methanol extract reduced the activity of LOX and COX enzymes. Therefore, results suggesting E. kologa might provide bioactive compounds for production of antibacterial and antioxidant drug candidates.
Breast cancer metastasizes to bones, despite conventional treatments, causing tumor progression and bone loss. This study evaluated multipronged effects of Desmodium gangeticum leaf extract on breast cancer and bone formation. Methanolic leaf extract showed high phenolic and flavonoid content. HPLC identified bioactive compounds-gallic acid, ferulate, rutin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside. Leaf extract inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and inhibited migration of breast cancer cells. Extract promoted osteogenic differentiation and ALP activity in osteoblast-like cells. Extract also showed free-radical scavenging, anti-arthritic and anti-diabetic properties. Thus, D. gangeticum leaf extract may inhibit cancer progression and improve bone health.
Corneal ulcers are a major cause of vision loss in one eye and are commonly linked to bacterial or fungal infections. In this study, the methanol flower extract of Tabernaemontana divaricata showed promising therapeutic potential. Phyto-chemical characterization confirmed the presence of important bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids, along with strong antioxidant activity. The extract also showed effective antimicrobial action against clinical pathogens, especially Proteus mirabilis and Candida albicans, with notable inhibition and low MIC values. These findings suggest that T. divaricata may serve as a promising natural treatment option for corneal ulcer-associated infections .
This study conducted in forest fringe regions of Uttar Pradesh documents indigenous traditional knowledge used for healing practices. Extensive field surveys were carried out including 800 informants to identify the medicinally important plants. The most common type of plants were herbs (39.02%), trees (30.89%), shrubs (19.92%), and climbers (10.16%). This paper presents detailed list of 245 plant species with their specific parts used to cure 141 different types of ailments and diseases. For individual species, the ethnobotanical indices like Use Value (UV), Relative Frequency Citation (RFC), Plant Part Value (PPV), Informant Agreement Ratio (IAR), and Fidelity Level (FL) were calculated.
Garcinia quaesita and Garcinia zeylanica are two endemic Sri Lankan species used as sour flavoring agents and in Ayurvedic treatments. This study compares fruits, leaves, and bark extracts, and a correlation analysis linking garcinol content with antioxidant activity and alpha-amylase inhibition. Garcinol is a key bioactive compound, was highest in the hexane extracts of the fruits and bark of G. quaesita and in the fruits of G. zeylanica, highlighting nonpolar solvents are most effective. These extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity, positively correlating with garcinol content. Despite low garcinol content in methanolic bark extracts, both species showed antioxidant and alpha-amylase inhibitory activities.
Hepatitis is a major public health issue, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to identify medicinal plants used to treat hepatitis in the Tannounyan region of Burkina Faso through an ethnobotanical survey conducted from september to october 2020. One hundred traditional healers and herbalists were interviewed, leading to the identification of 49 plant species from 26 families. The most cited plants included Senna alata, Cochlospermum planchonii, Chrysanthellum indicum, and Phyllanthus amarus. Leaves were the most used plant part, and decoction was the main preparation method. Oral administration predominated. The findings support preservation of traditional knowledge and future research.
This study evaluated ethanolic extracts of Strobilanthes hamiltoniana leaves, stems, and roots for phytochemical composition and biological activities. Qualitative and quantitative analyses confirmed the presence of major phytoconstituents, including phenolics and flavonoids. Antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) was highest in the root extract (84.61%), followed by leaf and stem. Anti-inflammatory activity showed moderate inhibition, with roots exhibiting the greatest effect. Antimicrobial activity was observed mainly in leaf and root extracts against selected pathogens. GC-MS profiling identified 36 compounds, with lupeol predominant in roots and stems. Overall, the root extract demonstrated superior bioactivity, highlighting its therapeutic potential.
Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses, FTIR, LC-HRMS, and GC-MS profiling of Vincetoxicum capparidifolium revealed a chemically diverse metabolite composition. FTIR spectra indicated the presence of phenolic, carboxylic acid, and alkyl halide functional groups. LC-HRMS identified key components, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and nucleosides, with high match confidence. Quantitative analysis showed elevated phenolic content in the leaf ethanolic extract and high steroid levels in ethyl acetate fractions. The extract exhibited significant antioxidant and HepG2 anticancer activity, inducing apoptosis as confirmed by MTT, AO/EtBr staining, and DNA fragmentation. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and pathway enrichment studies supported potential anti-liver cancer mechanisms, statistically validated by ANOVA.
The inhabitants of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, rely on herbal medicinal plants for various health issues, following Pakhtun ethnic culture. Field data were collected through semistructured questionnaires and literature review was conducted using online search engines. Asteraceae merged as the most represented family, contributing five plants. Herbs were the dominant life form (71%), followed by shrubs (14%). The locals uses whole plants (34%), primarily administered orally as decoction and powders. Literature evidence supports the neproprotective potential of these plants. Further, studies should be arranged to explore toxicology and mechanisms of the actions of these traditionally used plants against various diseases.
The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of branch and leaf extracts from Knema globularia, K. tonkinensis, and K. lenta were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Antioxidant capacity was assessed by DPPH and ABTS assays, together with total phenolic and flavonoid contents. K. lenta leaf extract showed the highest phenolic (157.70 +/- 5.68 mg GAE g(-)& sup1;) and flavonoid (175.02 +/- 4.45 mg QE g(-)& sup1;) contents, and the strongest antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50 26.17 +/- 0.82 mu g mL(-)& sup1;; ABTS IC50 34.20 +/- 1.75 mu g mL(-)& sup1;). It also significantly inhibited NO production (IC50 22.07 +/- 0.35 mu g mL(-)& sup1;), indicating potent anti-inflammatory potential.
The phytochemical profile and bioactivity of Juniperus squamata aerial parts were investigated using GC-MS, LC-MS, and UPLC. The hexane extract was rich in sesquiterpenes, mainly epicubebol (28.93%), while the ethyl acetate extract contained alpha-pimaric acid (17.48%) and verticiol (5.92%). Ajmaline was detected in the methanolic extract. Antibacterial activity (MIC assay) against E. coli, M. luteus, K. pneumoniae, and S. pneumoniae showed strongest inhibition for the ethyl acetate extract (6.25-50 & micro;g mL(-1)). It also exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (approximate to 196 mg AAE/g). Molecular docking indicated strong binding of methanolic constituents to DNA gyrase (Delta G = -8.4 kcal mol(-1)).
IntroductionPersicaria capitata (Polygonaceae) is a medicinal plant reported to possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities.MethodsMethanolic leaf extract was analyzed for phytochemicals and bioactive compounds using standard screening methods and GC-MS.ResultThe extract showed notable antioxidant activity, antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli , and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines, with greater sensitivity in MCF-7 cells. GC-MS revealed fatty acids as major constituents, particularly oleic acid and 9-octadecynoic acid.DiscussionThese findings support the pharmacological potential.
Solanum torvum and Solanum pubescens (Solanaceae) are medicinal plants with diverse therapeutic applications. This study evaluated phytocompounds from their methanolic extracts using GC-MS analysis, identifying over 60 compounds. Biological activities were predicted through literature review, followed by ADMET profiling using ADMETlab 2.0 to assess drug-likeness. Compounds satisfying Lipinski's rule, pharmacokinetic, and solubility criteria were subjected to virtual screening. Thymidine kinase of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 and TNF-alpha converting enzyme were selected as targets for anti-herpes and anti-ulcer activity, respectively. Molecular docking and 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations revealed strong binding affinities and stable interactions, supporting their therapeutic potential.
The present study was carried out to perform anti-bacterial screening of extracts and fractions of T. involucrata and to evaluate its mechanism of action. The methanolic leaf extract (MLE) exhibited a more potent anti-microbial effect than the methanolic root extract (MRE) against E. coli, B. subtilis, S. typhimurium, K. pneumoniae, and S. faecalis. Among the fractions of MLE, the methanolic fraction (MF), and the ethyl acetate fraction (EF) showed potent anti-bacterial action against the pathogens. Both MLE and MF showed maximal inhibition against biofilm formation and increased the uptake of crystal violet against E. coli and K. pneumoniae.
The present study evaluated the phytochemical profile and biological activities of Alternanthera brasiliana (A. brasiliana) leaf extracts. Fresh and shade-dried leaves were extracted with water and ethanol, yielding four extracts. Quantitative estimation indicated higher phenolic and flavonoid levels in aqueous extracts, particularly fresh aqueous. The GC-MS analysis identified compounds known for antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Antibacterial studies showed greater inhibition by aqueous extracts. Lipid peroxidation assays demonstrated a strong antioxidant potential of aqueous extracts. Cytocompatibility in human dermal fibroblasts confirmed that fresh aqueousand dried aqueous were safe at low concentrations. Overall, aqueous extracts, especially the fresh leaf extract, exhibited superior phytochemical richness, antibacterial efficacy, antioxidant activity, and cytocompatibility.
Therapeutic plants are gaining increasing prominence in pharmaceutical research due to their cost-effectiveness and fewer side effects compared to synthetic drugs. Automatic recognition and classification of therapeutic plant images is essential for supporting disease treatment through herbal medicine. This study introduces an innovative deep fused architecture for automatic recognition and classification of amenorrhea-treating therapeutic plant images. The model integrates transfer learning based DenseNet201 (TL-DenseNet201) for deep feature extraction. These extracted deep features are processed by Ensemble based Bagging Tree with Random Sampling for robust classification. The VNPlant-100, a benchmark dataset, was utilized for training and testing the model. Experimental evaluations were conducted across a range of machine learning baselines, including traditional classifiers, discriminant analysis models, ensemble methods, ensemble subspace discriminants, and ensemble tree architectures. The proposed model outperformed these methods with remarkable accuracy, underscoring its effectiveness and reliability in amenorrhea focused therapeutic plant classification.
This research aims to compare the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of in vitro-produced callus from leaf and wild-grown roots of Withania somnifera. The antioxidant activity was assessed utilizing the DPPH assay, the TPC by Folin-Ciocalteu assay, and the TFC by Aluminum chloride complex-forming assay. The maximum amounts of callus were induced from leaf in MS medium, added with 2.0 mg L-1 2,4-D + 0.25 mg L-1 KN + 10% coconut water. The dichloromethane extract of the root showed higher antioxidant activity (IC50=50.39 +/- 7.05 mu g mL(-1)), TPC (96.4 +/- 0.368 mg of GAE/g weight), and TFC (37.28 +/- 0.25 mg of QE/g weight) compared to callus generated in vitro. This study found a negative relationship between the antioxidant activity and the TPC or TFC.
