This paper studied the changes of nutrients such as total sugars, total acids and pH values in the process of 7 sweet cherry and 5 sour cherry varieties. The results showed that the changed trends of total sugar contents of sour cherry varieties were basically the same. The sugar content decreases rapidly in the first 8 days of fermentation, and gradually stabilized in the later stage. The sugar content of “Meizao” and “Zaohongzhu” decreasesd rapidly, with a advantage of short brewing cycle compared with other sweet cherry varieties; While changing, the total acid content of sour cherry was significantly higher than that of sweet cherry, among which “Meizao” had the lowest acid content; The pH values of 12 kinds of cherries showed a tendency of decreasing in the early stage and increasing in the later stage. The pH value of “Meizao” was significantly higher than that of other cherry varieties during the brewing process, and the pH value of “Russian sour cherry” was the lowest. Although with different cherry varieties, the pH values in the brewing process were quite different, the final pH values were maintained between 3.6 and 4.5.
The aim of the study was to compare the frying performance of soybean oil using microemulsified rosemary-gallic acid (RG30ME) liquid against non-microemulsified RG30 liquid in deep-fat frying of French fries. Frying trials were conducted for 70 frying cycles. The oil samples were analyzed for induction period at 100°C, peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine value (AV), acid value, % total polar compounds (TPC) and colour parameters after every 10 frying cycles and the results were statistically analyzed. Frying performance of soybean oil in terms of number of extra frying cycles and % improvement offered by microemulsified RG30ME liquid were compared against an untreated control and non-microemulsified RG30 liquid for all quality parameters. Overall, addition of microemulsified RG30ME liquid at 250 and 500 ppm respectively improved the frying performance of soybean oil by 280% and 940% for induction period, 125% and 150% for % total polar compounds and 50% and 70% in TOTOX value respectively in comparison to untreated control. When compared to non-microemulsified RG30 liquid at the same inclusion rate of 500 ppm, improvement by 34% for induction period, 11% for % total polar compounds and 6% in TOTOX value respectively were observed. Microemulsified RG30ME liquid is unique, as it is based on a microemulsion carrier allowing better distribution of the antioxidants combined with a better solubility into oil matrices, resulting in protection against oxidation in deep fat frying application.
Due to the tropical climate that promotes the growth of most microorganisms, the food service industry in Malaysia faces a lot of challenges in order to ensure quality foods are served to the customers. One of the bacteria that are associated with food spoilage is Pseudomonas spp., and the presence of these bacteria on cutting boards could cross-contaminate food items during food handling. This study performed pyrosequencing analysis to investigate the existence of microbial communities on cutting boards collected from restaurants in Seri Kembangan, Malaysia. Most of the samples were dominated by Flavobacteriales, Enterobacteriales, Lactobacillales, and Pseudomonadales. This study discovered that, all samples of cutting boards were contaminated with Pseudomonas spp. With the mean bacterial count of 1.4 × 106 cfu/cm2, 5.1 × 105 cfu/cm2 and 5.6 × 106 cfu/cm2 on samples collected from clean, moderately clean and less clean food premises, respectively. The study shows that the contamination level of Pseudomonas spp. was not significantly different in different grades of food premises. Regardless of the status and grades of the food premises, they have the same likelihood to introduce spoilage bacteria like Pseudomonas spp. from cutting board to food if they neglect correct food handling measures. Therefore, all food handlers need to prioritize safe food handling to avoid food contamination and spoilage.
Cannabis-infused consumables may become a fact of life in Canada by the end of 2019 and, according to this study, food companies are already seriously considering their options for entering the cannabis-infused consumables market. Food and beverage businesses continuously search for growth; new products using cannabis as an ingredient are seen by many as a fresh market that is going to open significant opportunities for growth and earnings.This study does not look at the functional effects of cannabis, but rather food processors’ perceptions and plans regarding cannabis as a food ingredient once it is legalized. It explores several dimensions, including perceived risks associated with this embryonic sector, what those risks specifically might be, and any sense of competitive urgency that they may feel. Combined with a similar examination of Canadian consumer attitudes to cannabis consumables, published in January 2018 (Charlebois, Simogyi, & Sterling, 2018), the two reports provide a unique view of the potential opportunities, hazards, and impediments in this new market sector.A total of 294 food and beverage firms were surveyed in August 2018. Just under 40% of these organizations say they support legalization of cannabis-infused products, while a substantial minority (41%) are ambivalent. Over 65% of responding companies are concerned about the risks edibles represent to children and young adults. That said, 16.4% of surveyed companies confirmed that they are either planning to launch a product as soon as edibles are legal, or are already serving a market with such a product. The most commonly stated reason for not entering the cannabis consumables market is that cannabis is not compatible with their current product line. A general lack of understanding of cannabinoids was the second most popular reason given.The results highlight how just risk-adverse Canadian food industry leaders currently are regarding cannabis. Liability risks (47.1%) and reputational risks (20.1%) are cited as significant deterrents to entering the cannabis-infused consumables market. Other hazards include the lack of regulatory clarity, training of front-line staff, the residual social stigma of cannabis itself, questions about supply chain reliability, and the need for different, tamper-proof packaging.Plainly, regulatory questions remain top-of-mind for most company officials. Food and beverage firms say they are awaiting regulatory guidance as a condition of their plans. Respondents also state that governments are likely the key resource that they would employ during product and strategy development. More than 30% of respondents say governments are their primary choice, followed by their own internal resources. And 45.5% see government bearing the chief responsibility for addressing cannabis-infused edibles issues.At the time of this writing, Health Canada has said it expects to begin industry consultations concerning cannabis consumables early in 2019. Until then, based on this survey’s results, we perhaps should expect enthusiastic, yet limited, interest related to these products.
Effect of controlled temperature on microflora of fermented Bottle Gourd Seeds (BGS) as well as Melon Seeds (MES) was studied.De-hulled seeds were boiled for 6 h and fermented at 28°C, 35°C and 42°C for 96 h.The microbial flora of the fermented BGS and MES were determined with respects to seed type, fermentation time and fermentation temperature.The microorganisms isolated from the fermented samples included; Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium sp, and some varieties of fungi.The viable bacterial count for both the BGS and MES were within the range of 5 x 10 8 cfu/g and 36 x 10 8 cfu/g between zero and ninety-six hours.Bacillus subtilis was the major fermenting organism since it was seen at the three temperatures and throughout the fermentation period for all the samples.The absence of other fermenting organisms in some of the samples indicates that these substrates (BGS and MES) differ slightly in their ability to sustain the growth of different species of microorganisms probably due to the differences in their overall composition.The result shows that when the factors that affect the microflora of fermentation are controlled, safe good quality ogiri can be produced from BGS.
Alcohol consumption is an important nutritional subject. There are many researches about the type of consumption which is the best for our health. People who drink moderately (1-2 drinks/day for women and 2-3 drinks/day for men) could be healthier than abstainers or heavy drinkers. The pattern of moderate drinking consists of type of drink, quantity and frequency of drinking and the status of the drinker (health profile, type of diet, other diseases, gender). Except for the pattern of moderate drinking, it is important to keep in mind the meaning of standard drinks, because they represent the serving size. The serving size of standard drink differs from country to country and it depends on grams of ethanol of each drink. According to these factors, moderate drinking benefits the health of heart and brain, but also it seems that alcohol influences the risk of obesity, the well-being and many other. Moderate drinking affects overall health through possible mechanisms, such as insulin sensitivity, levels of HDL (high density cholesterol) and LDL (low density cholesterol) and antioxidants' intake. As for now, the body of evidence has not formed the same opinion, because of the confused factors of health and the different type of researches. In conclusion, the most researches support the moderate drinking as the best drinking pattern, only if there is limit and responsibility in consumption, contributing to healthy nutrition and health.
The study was aimed to assess the prevalence and examine determinant factors of children’s nutritional status in non-administrative two small towns (Awash Bello and Boneya) located Sebeta Hawas district, Oromia region. Cross-sectional design was employed in the existing two small towns selected randomly. The sample size was determined by using single population proportion formula then adjusted by finite population correction factor to draw the final 230 sample children and then allocated proportionally to each small town. Then the households were selected using systematic random sampling. If there is more than one child in the selected household only one child was considered randomly. Structured questionnaire was used to gather information on the demographic, socio-economic, and maternal and child caring practice, as well as environmental factors. While anthropometric measurement was used to collect height, weight and MUAC following the standard measurement tools and procedures. Information was entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and anthropometric measurements were converted into Z-scores by WHO Anthro version 3.2.2., 2011 software. Then exported to STATA 13 and analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The result revealed that the prevalence of overall malnutrition was 46%. Specifically, stunting was (22.6%), underweight (16.1%) and wasting (7.4%), respectively. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model was employed to analyze determinants child malnutrition. Multivariate model revealed that age of child, number of under-five children in the household, no formal fathers and no formal maternal education, less than1500ETB monthly income, Antenatal care visit less than four times during pregnancy, not exclusive breast feeding and no fully vaccination were found positive and significant determinants for child malnutrition. And, child birth order was negative and significant determinant for child malnutrition. Thus, need continues training, awareness creation activities, special attention for child and maternal healthcare services by Sebeta Hawas district Health Office and other practitioners.
Hunger is a worldwide problem, and Africa is the continent with the world?s highest percentage of hungry persons; Benin is one of Africa?s poorest and hungriest countries, and this paper addresses those issues and then identifies the factors that predict hunger in that country. Benin has a substantial rural population, slightly over half of the sample used in this study resides in rural areas, and those respondents will receive some attention in this paper, especially because the paper looks closely at literature?s suggestion that African farmers may be hungrier than the rest of the population, and also that gender may be a factor. This study is based on a national probability sample of 1,200 Benin respondents included in Round 6 of the Afrobarometer survey conducted in 2014. The search is for policy related factors that might help alleviate Benin?s hunger problem. To preview the findings, this study did not find any light at the end of the tunnel regarding hunger for Benin.The findings do provide information about the extent of hidden hunger in Benin. The results highlight the role of poverty as the root cause of hunger in Benin. The study found support for the notion that farmers are hungrier than other respondents, but gender and urban ?rural differences disappeared in the analysis. The surpring findings were that respondent?s perceptions that the government was not ensuring that people have enough to eat and not handling improvement of the living standards of the poor were highly, as well as age, significant predictors of hunger in Benin.
This research was carried out to determine the nutritional values and antimicrobial activities of a mixed fruit juice from Coconut (Cocos nucifera) and Pineapple (Ananas comosus) which was pasteurized at 80°C for 10 minutes. The Phytochemical components of the fruit juices were analysed whereby the amount of alkaloids was higher than the amount of flavonoids. The physical properties studied included pH, titratable acidity and total solids. Nutritional, chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of individual fruit juice and their blend were also carried out using standard methods. Sensory evaluation result showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in their colour, flavour, taste and overall acceptability of the juice blend. Their pH and titratable acidity values that were in reversed manner confer on them longer storage period. The samples had good antimicrobial activities.
Objectives: Mothers who have physical and emotional support during the early post-partum period have a greater likelihood of succeeding in breastfeeding. This study examined the effect of nutrition education on fathers in improving early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding in the first 3 months of the infant’s life. Methods: An interventional study was conducted in Kisumu East Sub County, Kenya. All the women who were 6 months pregnant between January and April 2016 and attending the antenatal clinic at Kisumu County hospital were included in the study. Once contacted, each woman provided the telephone contact of the father-to-be. The later were then invited to a meeting at the hospital within 2 weeks of first contact to get their consent to participate in the study. The pair were asked to pick one among pre-numbered papers which randomly put them in either the intervention or control group with each group having 145 pairs. A total of 290 fathermother pairs were recruited. The study site was selected based on the high infant mortality rate in the region. No intervention was given in the control group while both father-mother pairs in the intervention group received nutrition education on breastfeeding. The study participants were followed up until the children birthed reach 3 months of age. Results: At 97.1%, initiation of breastfeeding within an hour of birth was significantly higher among the intervention group compared to 52.1% in the control group (p<0.001). Likewise, at 81.1%, sustained exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months was significantly higher among the intervention group compared to 63.4% in the control group (p=0.001). Conclusion: The intervention positively impacted on early initiation and sustenance of exclusive breasting in the first 3 months of life. Nutrition education at the health facility or community level should involve fathers as key influencers of the breastfeeding process, which contributes to improved infant feeding practices.
The present review study was an attempt to investigate the perceptions of worldwide researcher about nutritional complication and its effects on health. In this regard, 20 research articles were included in the study. Focusing on nutritional complication and its effects on health, the findings of 10 research articles were carefully reviewed and then it is concluded that improper intake in both form under nutrition and over-nutrition have adverse effects on health.
Egg allergies are a common food allergy and like all food allergies, are increasing in prevalence in the general population. Egg proteins are modified significantly from the raw or native form to the cooked form. These changes in conformation and binding sites present unique challenges when diagnosing and treating egg allergies. IgE and IgG testing of blood serum as well as skin prick tests in conjunction with oral food challenges can be used to perform comprehensive diagnostic egg allergy testing on an individual. One egg protein, ovomucoid, presents a specific complication in that it does not denature easily upon exposure to heat and digestion. An allergy to ovomucoid needs to be treated differently than an allergy to other egg proteins which denature more easily when exposed to heat and digestion. An individual who is allergic to ovomucoid is less likely to be able to consume cooked or raw egg or to outgrow their egg allergy. Identifying the specific protein(s) which elicit an allergic response is crucial when diagnosing and treating egg allergies.
However, current methods that are used in the processing of juice products, such as thermal treatments, has been reported significantly reduces nutritional quality. UV-C treatment is an alternative method that could extend the shelf life as well as maintain the quality of juice. In this study, the quality attributes of the juice blend upon exposure to ultraviolet light and thermal treatment were studied. Freshly squeezed orange, carrot and celery juice blend was exposed to ultraviolet light (for 15, 30, and 60 minutes) and thermal pasteurization (at 90°C, for 30 s and 60 s). Microbial analysis, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity as well as other quality parameters were carried out on all samples. The results showed no significant difference in physicochemical properties among all samples studied. Nevertheless, a significant increase was observed in polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity, and flavonoid content in samples treated with UV-C compared to control and thermal treated. Moreover, juice blend exposed to UV-C treatment (30 and 60 minutes) showed increase in extractability of carotenoids. UV-C treated samples also exhibited reduction in microbial load and prolonged shelf life. The results obtained support the use of UV-C as an alternative to thermal treatment in improving the quality of juice blend.
Introduction: Anaemia is one of the public health problems in developing countries. It is an indirect cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Objective: The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Medical Facilities within Ekwulobia, Aguata Local Government Area, Anambra State. Methods: Two hundred and two pregnant women were purposively selected for the survey. The pregnant women were selected from General hospital, Cynic specialist hospital, Primary Health Centre and St. Victoria specialist hospital all in Ekwulobia. The instruments used for data collection were questionnaire and biochemical analysis. Data were collected on background information, personal data, socio-economic and environmental factors. Blood samples were collected from the antecubital vein to determine the Hemoglobin concentration of the respondents using automated analyzer. Results: The finding revealed that 36.2% women were anaemic. About 33.7% were mildly anaemic while 2.5% were moderately anaemic. The result revealed 43.3%, 34.8% and 28.8% of pregnant women in their 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester respectively had their hemoglobin concentration less than 11 g/dl (mild anaemia). About 3.3% and 2.5% of pregnant women in their 2nd and 3rd trimesters respectively had moderate anaemia (less than 9 g/dl). There was a relationship (p<0.05) between the women’s haemoglobin concentration and education (p=0.008), occupation (p=0.027) and birth spacing (p=0.036). Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia in the pregnant women was high indicating a public health problem.
Today, treatment with brine or NaOH is the most common debittering procedures for olive industry. Although these debittering procedures are used widely, they have serious disadvantages such as high salt content of the final product, time consuming process (6-8 months required), degradation of other phenolic compounds, nutrient losses and formation of high amounts of waste water. Semidrying method has been recently introduced as a new debittering method. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the degradation of oleuropein and the sensory bitterness during semidrying of olives in a dryer at 40oC and 60oC with 1.5 m/s air flow rate. In this research, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol content and sensory bitterness of olives have been determined for the first time during semi drying. An acceptable bitterness level and 88.76-91.29% oleuropein reduction was reached while 31.03-38.24% weight loss of olive was determined after semi drying process. Debittered olives were obtained with 22.41-28.61% water content. Results suggest that semi drying with piercing in combination with immersion pre-treatments could be used as an environmentally friendly olive debittering method for the production of higher nutritional value and low or free of salt table olives.
Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a carcinogen produced in alcoholic beverages during fermentation and storage. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify ethyl carbamate in beer sold in South-East Nigeria using Gas-chromatographic method. A total of 27 beer samples were divided into three brands such as Lager, Herbal lager and Ale. Triplicate samples of each brand were obtained from three major distributors in three South-Eastern states of Nigeria. The results of the beer samples analyzed showed that ethyl carbamate occurred in high concentrations range of 0.033-0.072 mg/L (mean 0.055 mg/L) and thus may pose a serious health risk to humans.
Microorganisms adhere themselves with different surfaces like indwelling medical devices, equipment's of different industries like water, food and dairy products etc. Microorganisms after attachment produce EPS, which help them in the development of biofilms. Commonly known pathogens including, bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa and pathogenic cyanobacteria, are involved in biofilm formation. Biofilms are involved in many persistent and chronic infections in human and animals, increase resistance to antimicrobials, biofouling of water and spoilage or contamination of food and dairy products etc. Biofilms producing bacteria is a serious threat for public health globally but due to poor sanitary conditions and low economic resources chances of infections is high in developing countries. Effective control measures should be developed for the treatment and prevention of biofilm to get rid of serious problems.
The objective of the present work was to study the effects of some drugs misused by Sudanese women as body weight gain drugs on some fertility hormones concentration of female rabbits. Sixteen female rabbits were procured from local markets of Elnuhod localality, West Kordofan state. A randomized complete block design with three replicates was used; the treatments consisted of two drugs i.e., dexamethasone, cyperoheptadine and their combination administered orally with doses of 0.9 mg/kg of body weight with drugs two times a day for 45 days. Follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin were measured. The results showed that the medication used affects the levels of fertility hormones. The results showed that the level of FSH due to drugs decreased with time and the lowest level of the hormone was shown by the combination and dexamethasone and the values were (2.32 and 2.51 IU/L, respectively), while cyperoheptadine recorded a level of (2.75 IU/L) as highest value with significant differences as compared to other two treatments. The results showed that prolactin hormone increased with time by all drugs used and their combinations at the end of the experiment period, and there was no significant difference between the drugs in their effect on hormone level, physician and pharmacist should be consultant before using these drugs to avoid the adverse effects is needed as recommended point of view, effects of drugs on serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipo-protein, low density lipo- protein and very low density lipo- protein are also recommended for future work.
Human body need to consume the sufficient amount of protein on daily basis. Lacking of sufficient intake of protein may cause many health complications. This short review aimed to assess the perceptions of various researchers available in the shape of literature about the health complications caused by low intake of protein. Based on available literature the researcher arrived at conclusion that insufficient of protein may cause various health problems such as kwashiorkor, marasmus, impaired mental health, edema, organ failure, wasting and shrinkage of muscle tissues, and weakness of immune system.
