The requirement of the times of urban stock renewal puts forward the proposition of improving the quality of urban construction engineering and developing a livable environment within the limited urban space. With the large output of construction engineering waste and the large space occupied, construction engineering waste must be developed toward the direction of resourceful reuse under the background of stock renewal. This paper takes the urban construction requirements under the stock renewal as the entry point, reflects on the current situation of construction engineering waste treatment in China, and proposes the reuse mode of building materials, ecology and energy of construction engineering waste under the background of stock renewal to help the sustainable development of urban intensification.
Soil petroleum hydrocarbon pollution is a serious environmental problem facing the world, posing a massive threat to human health and ecological environment security. This study used two common materials in daily life (the peat and the mussel shell) as soil conditioners to remediate petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. During the 300-day test period, the performance of soil microorganisms was measured by total soil heterotrophic bacteria and petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, and the degradation of soil TPH was examined. The results showed that the mixed addition of the crushed mussel shell (CMS) and peat could significantly promote the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil. This may result from a combination of physicochemical and microbial interactions between the modifier and the petroleum hydrocarbon. Peat provides rich nutrients for soil microorganisms. The addition of peat as a soil amendment significantly enhanced the activity of soil microorganisms. The promotion of soil petroleum hydrocarbon degradation by CMS was slightly weaker. Different concentrations of TPH-contaminated soil had different responses to amendments. In conclusion, the promotion effect of peat on soil petroleum hydrocarbon degradation is more significant than that of CMS, and peat is a modifier that can be considered for soil petroleum hydrocarbon remediation.
Tight reservoirs in some blocks of the Mesozoic in the Ordos Basin use classical Archie formulas to explain oil saturation with lower accuracy. This paper proposes new ideas and methods for interpretation of tight oil saturation base on CHANG 6 similar to 7 tight reservoirs in Zhengning-Heshui block of Ordos Basin, China. There are magnitude differences in resistivity of rocks, crude oil, and formation water in reservoirs. On the basis of still following the theory of Archie's rock electricity experiment, the relationship between the water porosity and the resistivity of the reservoir with or without oil is discussed. By discerning the relationship between the water-bearing porosity and resistivity in the pure water layer, pure oil layer, and oil-water layer, the interpretation chart of formation resistivity and water-bearing porosity was established. Interpretation of oil saturation in tight reservoir is achieved by analyzing two parameters of porosity and water-bearing porosity. The interpretation results are basically consistent with the results of tight oil test in Zhengning-Heshui block. The study also discusses the differences of research ideas between new method and the classic Archie formula. It is considered that this method has certain advantages by comparing with Archie's formula in terms of interpretation results, deviation margin, deviation source, implementation conditions, technical and economic requirements, and conditions of application. The research also provides insights into interpretation errors and how to deal with them. The shortcomings of new method was discussed objectively, which provides an analysis basis for the further research and improvement for the new method.
Tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is one of the most important pests that cause yield and quality loss in tomato cultivation in greenhouse and open field. 7'. absoluta, has spread rapidly in tomato production areas after emerging to Turkey in 2009. The pest is widely found along growing season in greenhouses and open fields in the coastal part of Antalya, where suitable climatic conditions are present. However, the population status of T. absoluta in tomato cultivation in greenhouses under high altitude highland conditions is not known and the study has been handled for this purpose. this study were conducted in 2018-2019 in Elmali and Korkuteli districts of Antalya province. In the study the population density of immature stage of T. absoluta were determined by leaf sampling and adult population density were determined by using pheromone traps for two years at four different locations. In addition, the natural enemies of the pest were also determined. As a result of the study, the pest was found widespread throughout the season in tomato greenhouses under highland conditions. Bracon concolorans Marshall, 1900, (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) Bracon variegator Spinola, 1808 (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) and Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter, 1895) (Hemiptera:Miridae) have been identified as natural enemies. As for parasitoid of T. absoluta, B. variegator was determined as the first time in Turkey with present study.
Soft rock and sand are interspersed in the Mu Us Sandy Land, and the land degradation is severe. Using soft rock and sand as resources on the spot is of great significance to promote the environmental construction and human settlement structure of the area. In this paper, the soft rock and sand are mixed according to the volume ratio of 0:1 (CK), 1:5 (51), 1:2 (S2) and 1:1 (S3) to construct a soil plow layer. And based on the 0 similar to 30 cm soil layer, the mineralization of soil organic carbon was studied. The results show that as the proportion of soft rock increases, the organic carbon content of the 10-20 cm soil layer gradually decreases. With the increase of the soil layer, the soil organic carbon mineralization rate and cumulative mineralization amount are the highest in the 10 similar to 20 cm soil layer, followed by 0 similar to 10 cm and 20 similar to 30 cm. With the extension of the cultivation time, the mineralization intensity showed a trend of first decreasing, then increasing and finally decreasing steadily. At the end of the cultivation, the organic carbon mineralization rate of the compound soil was between 3.10 similar to 10.47mg/(kg.d(-1)). The cumulative mineralization rate of soil organic carbon in each soil layer has different performances. The average value is the lowest at 0 similar to 10 cm, which is 20.54%, and its value increases with the increase of arsenic content. The change trend of the potential mineralizable organic carbon content is consistent with the cumulative mineralization amount. The mineralization amount treated with S1 and S2 is relatively small, and the half-turnover period is opposite to the change trend of the mineralization rate constant. The difference was significant only in the 0 similar to 10 cm soil layer in the half turnover period, and the treatment of adding arsenic sandstone was significantly higher than that of CK treatment. In conclusion, the organic carbon in the 0 similar to 10 cm soil layer is relatively stable and still in the process of soil formation and development, and the carbon sequestration ability is stronger when the ratio of arsenic sandstone to sand reclamation is between 1:5 and 1:2.
The stability evaluation of slope supporting structure plays an extremely important role in the construction of engineering buildings. It can effectively protect the safety of construction buildings and prevent the occurrence of landslides and other geological disasters. In this paper, the Hoek-Brown (H-B) parameter inverse calculation model is established based on the triaxial test of the sandy rock mass on the slope of the A mine. The HB criterion methods based on different assumptions (including uniaxial HB criterion, envelope HB criterion, narrow H-B criterion) were used to estimate and modify the rock shear parameters, and they were compared with the prediction results of the Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) criterion. The results show that the revised estimates of the two criteria are very close, and the absolute errors of C and phi are basically limited within 2 MPa and 3 degrees. The experimental evaluation results are consistent with the application effects of the examples, indicating that the quantitative relationship between the H-B parameters and the rock mass shear parameters established based on the inverse algorithm is credible. This study can provide a reference for the slope stability of similar construction buildings.
In the current research the effect of silicon at 50 ml L-1 and carrot extract at 100 ml L-1 on morphophysiological parameters of pea plants (Master B) under salinity stress at 1500 ppm was studied during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 seasons. Our results indicated that salinity stress led to a significant decrease in plant height, leaves number plant(-1), fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll as well as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents. Nevertheless, exogenous application of silicon at 50 ml L-1 and carrot extract at 100 ml L-1 individually or in combination (silicon + carrot extract) has a positive effect on morph-physiological parameters of salt stressed pea plants. The highest values of all studied characters were recorded with the combination of silicon at 50 ml L-1 carrot extract at 100 ml L-1 followed by individual treatments with carrot extract then silicon treatment. We can conclude that application of the combination (silicon + carrot extract) can alleviate the negative effects of salinity and improve the morpho-physiological parameters of pea plants (Master B).
It is crucial to determine and monitor land use/land cover changes, land degradation, and recovery areas for resource planning, including supporting ecosystem functions and services and ensuring food supply and security. Open Foris Collect Earth (CE) is a new, open-source, and user-friendly software tool for land monitoring developed by FAO and Google. The CE offers free access to multiple freely available archives of very high spatial and temporal resolution imagery. In this study, the CE software was used to monitor LULCC on the branches of the Euphrates-Tigris River within the border of Iraq and Syria between 2000 and 2015. The results indicated that cropland was the predominant land cover type by occupying more than 48% of the study area within the study period, with the largest cropland source coming from irrigated agricultural areas (98%). Also, the total greening (land improvement) and desertification (land degradation) in the study area within 2000-2015 were 1.73% (194 439 ha) and 0.66% (74 466 ha), respectively. All greening areas, observed in agricultural areas, have been detected in irrigated agricultural areas for both countries. Obtained results from this study could provide support for Sustainable Land Management (SLM) and Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) processes in the region.
In recent years, with the continuous development of the economy and the continuous acceleration of the process of urbanization in China, the proportion of energy consumption in the transportation industry has shown a rising trend. The task of reducing transportation energy consumption is strategic and urgent. To comprehensively build a conservation-oriented society and promote the sustainable development of the transportation industry in China, it is necessary to explore decision support for reducing transportation energy consumption. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the current situation of energy consumption in the urban transportation industry in China, analyze and calculate and effectively predict transportation energy consumption, and decompose the main factors that affect this target variable. This study selects 10 representative cities in China as the research objects. Based on the Kuznets method in econometrics, through modeling analysis and example verification, the specific influencing factors of urban transportation energy consumption, urban transportation energy consumption and social economy and the relationship between development and consumption is studied. The research results show that per capita GDP and per capita transportation energy consumption are in an inverted U-shaped curve, but it has not reached the turning point of the curve. In other words, the current economic development cannot reduce per capita transportation energy consumption. At the same time, there is a weak decoupling between per capita transportation energy consumption and per capita GDP, and the elasticity of per capita transportation energy consumption relative to per capita GDP decreases as the economic level increases. In addition, population density, economic structure and intensity of traffic energy consumption have a negative impact on per capita traffic energy consumption. In contrast, urbanization rate has a positive impact on per capita traffic energy consumption, and the impact is greater than other factors.
To avoid environmental pollution caused by oil tank leakage of integrated bulldozer, it is necessary to realize automatic real-time monitoring of hydraulic oil tank leakage during construction of integrated bulldozer. Therefore, on the premise of considering environmental pollution, the paper proposed an automatic monitoring method of hydraulic oil tank leakage of integrated bulldozer. The real-time data of the hydraulic oil tank of the integrated bulldozer is collected through the optical fiber element, and the sequence data is processed and input into the echo state network model. The model initializes the full connection matrix and initial vector through the data, updates the state vector of the reserve pool layer, collects each vector and training samples to form the state vector and the state of the output matrix, solves the output weight matrix, completes the model training, and determines the leakage point of the hydraulic oil tank. The test results show that this method can obtain the real-time data of the hydraulic oil tank. Under the determination of the optimal parameters, it can accurately monitor the leakage times of the oil tank under different working conditions without noise interference. The monitoring can be completed in the early stage of leakage, and a large amount of oil leakage can be effectively avoided and can reduce the pollution degree of oil tank leakage to the ecological environment such as air and soil.
As a new environment-friendly fiber material, the dispersed basalt fiber (BF) was mixed into the expansive soil (ES) in this study. In order to investigate the effect of dry-wet (DW) cycles on the mechanics and swelling-shrinkage characteristics of fiber-reinforced expansive soil (FRES), a series of geotechnical tests, including direct shear test and swelling-shrinkage test, were carried out. Then, the Particles and Cracks Analysis System (PCAS) was used to quantitatively analyze the cracks generated during the DW cycles. The results showed that the BF could effectively improve the direct shear strength (DSS) of ES and the peak DSS was reached at a 0.4% fiber content. Meanwhile, BF can inhibit the expansion and shrinkage of ES and the optimal content of BF would be 0.4%. Under the action of DW cycles, fiber reinforcement enhanced the shear properties of ES and inhabited expansive soil cracking and shrinkage to some extent. Moreover, BF demonstrated a satisfactory improvement with respect to the total crack area, total crack length ratio and average crack width and limited the crack development of ES. In general, the research results indicate that BF is a suitable option for ES stabilization in areas under DW cycles and can provide reference for the application of FRES in slope and roadbed treatment projects.
The chemical composition of tourmaline is the basis of tourmaline color. In-depth study of the chemical composition of colored tourmaline can reveal the relationship between elements and colors and is of great significance to the in-depth development of tourmaline's environmental protection properties. The thesis uses micro-zone X-ray spectrometer and ultraviolet-visible spectrometer to conduct in-depth research on the chemical composition and color structure of six different colors of colored tourmaline, explore the relationship between color and transition metal elements in the chemical composition, and reveal the causes of tourmaline color. The research results show that the colorless tourmaline contains almost no transition metal elements. The pink tourmaline absorbs at 520nm in the green zone and 720nm in the red zone, and its color is caused by the Mn element. Yellow tourmaline produces broad absorption at 404nm in the blue-violet region which is caused by Ni. Green tourmaline absorbs at 410nm in the blue-violet zone and 718nm in the red zone, and its color is caused by Fe. The rose red tourmaline absorbs at 400nm, 410nm and 520nm in the blue-violet zone, and its color is caused by the combined effect of Ni and Mn. Blue tourmaline produces strong absorption in the red zone at 640nm and 720nm and some weak absorption in the blue-violet zone and the color is caused by the combined effect of Fe and Mn.
The difficulty in exploring the oil and gas reservoirs is due to the people's poor understanding of lithologic oil and gas reservoirs and their unique seismic wavefield characteristics. Therefore, the research on the geological and geophysical characteristics of oil and gas reservoirs is very important. In this paper, the post-stack and pre-stack seismic responses of fracture-cavity reservoirs of different scales and filled with different fluids are analyzed by combining seismic physical simulation and numerical forward modeling technology. In view of the influence of the fracture-vug scale on the pre-stack seismic response (AVO), the AVO response corresponding to the fracture-vug with different widths and thicknesses is simulated by combining seismic physical simulation and numerical forward modeling. The results show that the size of the fracture-vug body (especially the width) has an important effect on AVO. As the width or height of the fracture-cavity body increases, the AVO intercept first increases and then decreases. In the intersection diagram of AVO intercept and gradient, with the increase of fracture-vuggy reservoir scale, the sample points rotate counterclockwise. In addition, the directivity correction of the transducer is carried out to obtain more accurate AVO characteristics of different fluid-filled fracture-vug bodies. It is found that the AVO characteristics of different fluid-filled fracture-vug bodies are different. Due to the influence of the scale of the fracture-vug body, it is different from the Zo-eppritz equation theory to predict AVO. From the above results, it can be seen that the AVO response contains reservoir scale information, and the relationship between the reservoir scale and the AVO response can be used for quantitative interpretation of the reservoir. Therefore, it is necessary to make full use of the influence of the reservoir scale to achieve the purpose of quantitative estimation of the reservoir.
With the increasing demand for new energy sources today, the development of clean energy from coal-bed methane (CBM) is receiving increasing attention. Logging is one of the key technologies in CBM exploration and development, and accurate calculation and evaluation of CBM reservoirs using logging information is a prerequisite for CBM exploration and development. In view of the strong inhomogeneity of coal-bed methane reservoir in Hancheng block of Ordos Basin, the fragmented structure of coal body, the large vertical variation of key parameters, especially the difficulty of determining the Ash content of industrial components of coal bed, the variable structure of coal body and the difficulty of logging identification, the large difference of gas content, lead to the lack of accurate and systematic understanding of coal reservoir evaluation. Based on the abundant logging information, this paper establishes a new model for calculating the ash content, coal body structure, gas content and horizontal stress difference coefficient of coal seams in the study area. It provides technical guarantee for the accurate evaluation of key parameters of CBM reservoirs in the study area and the optimal selection of shot hole layer.
The comprehensive treatment of stripped and deficient wells is the only way to achieve the goal of increasing production in Huanjiang Chang 8 reservoirs. With the gradual exploitation of this oilfield, the water cut and the number of stripped and deficient wells increases day by day, which seriously affects the development effect of the research area. Based on the data of production dynamics in the research area, the causes of stripped and deficient wells were analyzed, and the wells were divided into high water cut type in the early stage of production, rapid increase in water cut type, low production fluid well in the early stage of production and continuous decrease in fluid volume. This research includes some static parameters such as permeability, oil thickness and initial water saturation of stripped and deficient wells in the research area, and some dynamic parameters such as pressure level, water injection intensity and injection-production pressure. Firstly, partial correlation analysis is used to analyze the correlation of the ten static and dynamic parameters. Secondly, the main causes leading to four types of stripped and deficient wells are sorted to provide theoretical basis for clarifying the causes of stripped and deficient wells. Finally, the corresponding treatment countermeasures are put forward according to the influence of different causes. The results show that the causes of stripped and deficient wells of high-water-bearing wells and water-bearing rapidly rising wells in the research area are mainly caused by the number of fractures per well, interlayer thickness and original water saturation. In order to control these two types of low-producing wells, separate injection and water plugging treatment can be carried out. However, the stripped and deficient wells with low production and continuous decrease of fluid volume are mainly caused by the heterogeneity of reservoir thickness, transformation intensity and reservoir permeability. This type of low production wells can be treated by filling holes, sidetracking and repeated fracturing measures. Taking the L area of Chang 8 Reservoir in Huanjiang Oilfield as an example, the above measures were implemented for four different low-producing Wells respectively. The results show overall water cut in the research area decreased 12.9% and the average single well production increased by 28.6% after the comprehensive treatment.
The safety of the direct reuse of the sludge water and the economic benefits of the direct reuse of the sludge water are analyzed by testing the conventional (e.g. pH, turbidity and NH3-N), organic matter (e.g. CODmn, and UV254) and metal indicators (e.g. Al, Fe and Mn) of effluent water quality after the direct reuse of the sludge discharged from the sedimentation tank and by using Zeta potential and particle size distribution analysis. Results show that the direct reuse of the sludge water can enhance the effect of coagulation, that is, after reuse, COD(mn )will not exceed the standard and has a good removal effect. However, it has minimal effect on UV(254 )and will not change the classification of soluble substances in raw water. The turbidity, NH3-N, Al, Fe, and Mn of the after-sedimentation water all meet the effluent quality standards under an appropriate reflux ratio. Under controlled reflux ratio conditions, the sludge water can be reused directly, thereby not only saving water resources and bringing economic benefits to the water plant but also protecting the environment to achieve the environmental protection, energy conservation and emission reduction.
Populus alba var. pyramidalis Bge. is one of the most important shelterbelt tree species in northern China. At present, the tree is inability to adapt to the environment, due to the environmental changes in this region, and the transpiration and water consumption of P. bolleana changcs accordingly, these phenomena lead to the growth of P. bolleana declines and even death occur frequently. To date, knowledge about the dynamics of transpiration of P. bolleana in the eastern Liaoning Province of North China is quite limited. Thus, better understanding its physical response to environmental factors and exploring the mechanisms of forest transpiration can offer a theoretical basis for a reasonable tree-planting program in semi-arid regions. In the present study, a continuous sap flow observation of P. bolleana in eastern Liaoning Province was carried out by using the thermal dissipation sap flow probe (TDP) from May to October (the whole growing season) in 2018, and the microclimate in the forest was recorded simultaneously, then the dynamics of sap flow and its respond to the variation change of environmental factors were studied. The results indicated that the sap flow changes of P. bolleana were shown as the characteristics of seasonal transition, consistent with the changes of environmental factors, at the beginning of the growing season, sap flow of P. bolleana was substantial, the efficiency of water usage was low. Till the middle of the growing season, nocturnal sap flow rate was increasing, daytime sap flow was decreasing. The starting time of sap flow became late, transpiration rate rise slowly, and peak of sap flow was narrow, and duration time was shorter till the late of the growing season. The water consumption of P. bolleana fluctuated slightly between months. The nocturnal sap flow had a good continuity, it was accounting for about 7% of the total daily water consumption. The sap flow was greatly affected by environmental factors, among which, the air temperature, vapour pressure deficit (VPD), photosynthetic effective radiation (PAR), potential reference evapotranspiration (ET0), and soil volume water content showed a significant positive correlation relationship, while there was a negative correlation with relative humidity and average wind velocity, but the correlation was not strong. Considering the autocorrelation of environmental variables, the optimal model was formulated, the main influencing variables were air temperature, VPD, PAR, and ET0 in the growing season under fitting analysis and stepwise regression analysis.
A variety of waste products are commonly used as organic amendments for agricultural soils, boosting soil fertility thereby contributing to increased crop yield. Several studies have revealed that soil amendment with organic residues boosts the antioxidant properties of agricultural crops. In this paper, we examined the effect of compost obtained from sewage sludge and pruning waste (SSPC) on various phytochemical compounds in lettuce plants in growth chamber using 20 and 40 Mg.ha(-1) of SSPC. The results were compared with those obtained from mineral treatment (NPK) and an untreated control soil. At the end of the assay, chlorophyll, anthocyanin, total phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity were determined in the plants, as well as nutrient and heavy metal content. Furthermore, we studied the effect of the amendments on soil properties. Plants in the organic treatment (SSPC) showed an increase in chlorophyll and anthocyanin content compared to those that received the mineral treatment. Total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity increased significantly in SSPC treated soils, in direct proportion to the applied dose. Moreover, the nutrient content of plants grown in these soils rose without showing increases in heavy metal content, except for micronutrients Cu and Zn. The plant content of these two metals increased significantly in the organic treatments. In conclusion, the recycling of this type of residues emerges as an alternative to mineral fertilisation to obtain quality crops. Also, such amendments improve soil properties, thereby contributing to the increase of organic carbon, in line with the 4x1000 initiative for climate change mitigation in agricultural soil.
In order to analyze the influence of spatial configuration of infrastructure on microclimate in urban old residential transformation area and improve the climate environment of urban old residential transformation area, a numerical simulation study of microclimate in urban old residential transformation area based on ENVI-met is proposed. Taking an urban old residential transformation area as the study area, ENVI-met microclimate model is established by using the 3D microclimate simulation software, ENVI-met model. A value boundary was established by means of simulation and an upper boundary value was obtained. According to the requirements of the local soil module, the simulation of the microclimate values of the old urban residential renovation area was completed. According to the design of the numerical simulation parameters, the numerical simulation analysis of the microclimate of the urban old residential renovation area is realized. The experimental results show that the simulation results of the ENVI-met microclimate model are closer to the measured results, and the roof is more effective in cooling and humidifying after greening, which reduces the temperature by 2.5 degrees C, increases the relative humidity by 3.1%, and reduces the wind speed by 0.2 m/s, thus improving the climate environment of the old urban residential rehabilitation area.
The development of unconventional oil and gas resources such as shale gas and shale oil is highly valued by countries all over the world. However, shale reservoirs have very poor physical properties, and the reservoirs need to be hydraulically fractured to achieve high oil and gas production. At present, there are few studies on the dynamic evolution law of the conductivity characteristics of hydraulic fractures in shale reservoirs. In this paper, taking the conductivity experiment system of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs as an example, the evaluation experiment of fracture conductivity evolution characteristics was conducted. Studies have found that the conductivity of fractures during hydraulic fracturing will first increase and then decrease. The entire experimental phase can be divided into a rapid growth stage, a slow decline stage and a steady change stage. As the particle size of the proppant increases, it will effectively support the fracture avoidance, resulting in a gradual increase in fracture conductivity. When the proppant particle size in the fracture increases from 10 mu m to 40 mu m, the fracture conductivity will increase from 7.05 mu m(2).cm to 18.93 mu m(2).cm. Moreover, as the concentration of sand paving increases, the conductivity of fractures will first increase and then decrease. This is mainly because the increase in sand paving concentration will not only effectively support but also fill up the crack space to a certain extent. Considering the cost and fracturing effect comprehensively, the concentration of sand spread in the fracture is best controlled at 5-10 kg/m(2). Finally, the study also found that the increase in the viscosity of the fracturing fluid will increase its flow resistance, resulting in a decrease in the conductivity of the fracturing fluid. For this reason, it is better to control the viscosity of fracturing fluid to 5-10 mPa.s.
