OBJECTIVETo analyze the efficacy of the therapeutic use of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on the tissue repair process of chronic wounds in patients with diabetic feet through the analysis of Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) scales, pain and the measurement done using the ImageJ© software.METHODSThis clinical trial was carried out with 18 patients 30-59 years of age, who had chronic wounds on their foot due to complications of diabetes mellitus. The patients were randomly allocated in two different groups of equal numbers: Control and Laser Groups. The LLLT equipment used in the research has a wavelength of 660 nm, 30 mW power, continuous mode emission, 6 J/cm2 dosimetry, 48/48 h in a 4-week period. Measurement and the aspect of wounds were noted in the PUSH scale and the pain was evaluated weekly. The Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test was used to compare groups.RESULTSThe Laser Group presented a significant increase of the tissue repair index when compared with the Control Group, with a significant statistical difference (p < 0.013). There was no significant difference between the groups in all the weeks using the PUSH scale.CONCLUSIONSThe use of LLLT on chronic wounds in a diabetic foot demonstrated efficacy on the progression of the tissue repair process in a short period.
Objective: The purpose of this prospective analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of erbium-substituted yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser compared with that of conventional surgery, regarding the long-term outcome of nondysplastic oral leukoplakias (OL). Background: To date, this comparison has never been performed. Methods: Patients were randomly allocated to two different groups: some underwent surgical excision with traditional scalpel (Group TrSc) and others underwent an ablative session with Er:YAG laser (Group Las), with these modalities: 1.5-W power, 150-mJ pulse energy, 10-Hz frequency, 500-μs pulse duration, and 0.9-mm spot size. During the follow-up period, the evolution of the OL was listed as (1) healing: if novel lesions did not appear in the same place of the surgery and (2) recurrence: if a new mucosal change has been detailed in the equivalent place of the primary disease. Results: One hundred seventeen lesions were treated. Fifty-eight lesions underwent surgery with traditional scalpel, whereas 59 underwent laser surgery. Follow-up ranged from 24 to 108 months (median of 58). Healing was detailed for 52.99% (n = 62) of the 117 OL, with no statistical differences between the two randomized groups. Conclusions: It seems reasonable to consider the Er:YAG laser as effective as traditional scalpel in terms of healing for OL, with the same rate of recurrences in a period of almost 5 years.
Objective: We examined the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on stereological parameters, and gene expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) in repairing tissue of tibial bone defect in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (TIDM) in rats during catabolic response of fracture healing. Background data: There were conflicting results regarding the efficacy of PBM on bone healing process in healthy and diabetic animals. Materials and methods: Forty-eight rats have been distributed into four groups: group 1 (healthy control, no TIDM and no PBM), group 2 (healthy test, no TIDM and PBM), group 3 (diabetic control, TIDM and no PBM), and group 4 (diabetic test, no TIDM and PBM). TIDM was induced in the groups 3 and 4. A partial bone defect in tibia was made in all groups. The bone defects of groups second and fourth were irradiated by a laser (890nm, 80Hz, 1.5J/cm(2)). Thirty days after the surgery, all bone defects were extracted and were submitted to stereological examination and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: PBM significantly increased volumes of total callus, total bone, bone marrow, trabecular bone, and cortical bone, and the numbers of osteocytes and osteoblasts of callus in TIDM rats compared to those of callus in diabetic control. In addition, TIDM increased RUNX2, and osteocalcin in callus of tibial bone defect compared to healthy group. PBM significantly decreased osteocalcin gene expression in TIDM rats. Conclusions: PBM significantly increased many stereological parameters of bone repair in an STZ-induced TIDM during catabolic response of fracture healing. Further RT-PCR test demonstrated that bone repair was modulated in diabetic rats during catabolic response of fracture healing by significant increase in mRNA expression of RUNX2, and osteocalcin compared to healthy control rats. PBM also decreased osteocalcin mRNA expression in TIDM rats.
OBJECTIVEThis in vitro study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) of heat-cured denture base resin (PMMA) to acrylic resin teeth treated with different pretreatments, especially laser irradiation of different powers (1-4 W).MATERIALS AND METHODSThe acrylic resin teeth were separated into seven groups (n = 10) for the following different pretreatments: control group (no surface treatment) (G1), grinding with a tungsten carbide bur (G2), sandblasting (G3), and erbium, chromium: yttrium, scandium, gallium, garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser irradiation at 1 W, 2 W, 3 W, 4 W output powers in (G4-7), respectively. Test specimens were produced according to the PMMA manufacturers' instructions and were subjected to a SBS test at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until fracture. Debonded surfaces were evaluated by a stereomicroscope for the type of failure. SEM (scanning electron microscope) analyses were done to estimate the surface changes of the acrylic resin teeth. The data were submitted using a one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests (p = 0.05).RESULTSThe highest bond strength was obtained in G3, and similar SBS values were considered in other groups, and no significant differences were found among the surface treatments and the control group (p < 0.05). All groups had a high percentage of adhesive failures.CONCLUSIONSLaser irradiations promote surface topography alterations. However laser irradiation of the adhesive surface was found ineffective. The SBS of acrylic resin teeth to a PMMA denture base material is independent of the surface pretreatments Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation, sandblasting, and grinding with a carbide bur. All the surface treatments provided a similar bond between the acrylic denture base and the teeth.
BACKGROUND To obtain the best result from flexor tendon repair surgery, proper surgical technique, appropriate materials, good rehabilitation, and patient satisfaction are essential to consider. Nevertheless, no general unique protocol still exists between researchers, for a suitable treatment plan. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present random clinical trial (RCT) was to determine the adjuvant effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on healing tendon injury in patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In an RCT, 97 patients (114 fingers) with sharp injury in three zones of their hands were randomly divided into LLLT and control groups, using the unequal treatment allocation approach. Thirty-nine patients (31 males and 8 females, 46 fingers) were enrolled in the LLLT group, receiving 8-10 sessions of LLLT (red and infrared lasers) over the flexor tendon repaired area. In the control group, 58 patients were included, 20 patients did not come back for follow-up, and 38 patients (29 males and 9 females, 46 fingers) participated in the study. Patients were visited in days 28 - 32 after surgery. Passive range of motion (PROM), pain severity of groups, and patient satisfaction from LLLT were all recorded. The two observers, blind to the LLLT group assessed the data independently. RESULTS In two groups, no rupture was observed during 4 weeks postsurgery. None of the patients in the control group was able to perform the full passive flexion. There was a significant increase in PROM (t = 82.925, p = 0.000) and a significant pain reduction (t = -11.96, p = 0.000) in the LLLT group, compared with the control group. All Patients in the LLLT group were satisfied. CONCLUSIONS LLLT is a proper adjuvant therapy in flexor tendon repair. Evidently, LLLT promotes tendon healing, alleviates the pain, and assists flexibility of soft tissue and joints, leading to the tremendous improvement in patient cooperation and compliance.
Photomedicine and Laser SurgeryVol. 36, No. 8 EditorialPhotobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery: A New Leap Forward Into the Light for the 21st CenturyMichael R. HamblinMichael R. HamblinAddress correspondence to:Michael R. Hamblin, PhDBAR 414Wellman Center for PhotomedicineMassachusetts General Hospital40 Blossom StreetBoston, MA 02114E-mail Address: hamblin@helix.mgh.harvard.eduWellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Aug 2018https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2018.29011.mrhAboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail View article"Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery: A New Leap Forward Into the Light for the 21st Century." Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 36(8), pp. 395–396FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byIntracerebral Transcatheter Laser Photobiomodulation Therapy in the Treatment of Binswanger's Disease and Vascular Parkinsonism: Research and Clinical Experience Ivan V. Maksimovich23 October 2019 | Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery, Vol. 37, No. 10How to Write a Good Photobiomodulation Article Michael R. Hamblin7 June 2019 | Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery, Vol. 37, No. 6Light-Emitting Diode Therapy and Low-Level Light Therapy Are Photobiomodulation Therapy Juanita J. Anders, Praveen R. Arany, G. David Baxter, and Raymond J. Lanzafame8 February 2019 | Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery, Vol. 37, No. 2 Volume 36Issue 8Aug 2018 InformationCopyright 2018, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.To cite this article:Michael R. Hamblin.Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery: A New Leap Forward Into the Light for the 21st Century.Photomedicine and Laser Surgery.Aug 2018.395-396.http://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2018.29011.mrhPublished in Volume: 36 Issue 8: August 1, 2018PDF download
OBJECTIVE Patients who receive allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may experience oral complications due to chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). The manifestations may include progressive sclerosis-like changes that may involve various body sites, including the oropharynx. METHODS AND RESULTS We present two cGVHD cases of oropharyngeal fibrotic changes that affected functions that were treated with photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy. These case reports suggest that PBM therapy represents an additional, innovative approach affecting discrete phases in cGVHD-associated fibrotic changes. CONCLUSIONS We discuss these observations in the context of currently understood molecular mechanisms, especially induction of transforming growth factor beta and NFκB that appear to be counter-intuitive to their known roles in matrix synthesis and inflammation that contribute to tissue fibroses. The clinical benefit noted in the two cases presented clearly indicates that there are distinct mechanistic and biological insights in the regulation of these molecular pathways in determining therapeutic efficacy with PBM therapy.
Background: A lack of effective treatments still exists for patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. Photobiomodulation is proved as a beneficial therapeutic modality for wounds. Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of degranulation of mast cells and total number of mast cells in the remodeling step of an ischemic model of wound healing under the influence of photobiomodulation and conditioned medium (CM) from human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs-CM), or CM, administered alone and or in combination. Materials and methods: Initially, type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced in 72 male adult rats. Then, after a month, one incision was made on the back of each rat. Subsequently, the rats were divided into four groups. The first group was considered as the control (placebo) group, the second group received CM, the third group received photobiomodulation, and the fourth group received photobiomodulation+CM. On days 4, 7, and 15, samples were extracted from the wound for histological and tensiometric examinations. The total number of mast cells, including the three types of mast cells, was counted by the stereological methods. The tensiometric properties of the repairing tissue were examined. Results: The administration of photobiomodulation and CM, alone or in combination, significantly increased the tensiometric properties within the healing wounds. Histologically, photobiomodulation+CM, CM, and photobiomodulation groups showed a significant decrease in the three types of mast cells and in the total number of mast cells compared with the control group on day 15. Conclusions: We conclude that photobiomodulation and CM alone and or in combination significantly accelerated the healing process in a rat with a diabetic and ischemic wound, and significantly decreased the total number of mast cells and degranulation of mast cells. We suggest that the increased number of type 2 mast cells in the control group adversely affected the tensiometric properties of wounds in this group.
BackgroundLittle is known about the characteristics of people with and without schizophrenia who have been charged with homicide in China. Aims and research questionOur research question was what differences are there between alleged homicide offenders with and without psychosis? MethodAll archival records of alleged homicide cases referred for assessment to the West China Forensic Central Medical Service during 1998-2006 were retrieved. The centre serves a large catchment area in the mainly rural province of Sichuan. A random 20% of cases with schizophrenia and all cases without psychosis were selected for comparison. Demographic, criminological and mental health data were extracted from the records, and violence was rated by using the Violence Risk Scale (Chinese version). ResultsThe two groups differed significantly in age, education, occupation, marital status and relationships to victim. The estimated risk of reoffending was higher in the schizophrenia group than the non-psychotic group, even after controlling for demographic differences. Despite many individuals reporting long histories of mental illness, about 40% of those with schizophrenia had never had any psychiatric treatment and less than 4% were in treatment at the time of the alleged homicide. ConclusionsThe tendency for homicidal people with schizophrenia to be older, less educated and more socially isolated than their non-psychotic peers is similar to experience in Western countries, but the apparently higher risk scale scores of the Chinese schizophrenia group and their greater tendency to attack strangers are different. The lack of reported previous engagement with mental health services by a clearly ill and risky group of people is a likely explanation. Similar rural problems compared with better served urban areas have been reported in the Chuvash Republic. The case for better rural mental health services seems strong. Copyright (c) 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of pulsed high-intensity laser therapy on pain, adhesions, and quality of life in women with endometriosis.BACKGROUND DATA:Endometriosis is among the most common gynecological problems affecting females of childbearing age. The majority of women with endometriosis seek treatment to alleviate pain.MATERIALS AND METHODS:The sample included 40 women with endometriosis to either a mild or a moderate degree aged between 24 and 32 years. They were randomly assigned to two groups, group I of 20 women received pulsed high-intensity laser therapy three times per week for 8 weeks, as well as the usual regimen of hormonal treatment given to endometriosis patients, and group II of 20 women were given sham laser treatment three times per week for 8 weeks and the usual regimen of hormonal treatment. For all patients, pain, the degree of endometriosis, and quality of life were measured using present pain intensity and pain relief scales, laparoscopy, and the Endometriosis Health Profile (EHP-5) before treatment began and at the end of the 8 weeks.RESULTS:In comparison to the sham laser treatment, pulsed high-intensity laser therapy produced a significantly different result (p < 0.0001), in women with endometriosis.CONCLUSIONS:Pulsed high-intensity laser therapy is an effective method of pain alleviation, reducing adhesions, and improving the quality of life in women with endometriosis.
Objective: The study aimed to systematically appraise the evidence on the effects of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on bone healing following rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Methods: Electronic search was performed in MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase databases using appropriate Medical Subject Heading terms, with no time restriction. ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov) was also searched using the terms “low level laser therapy” and “maxillary expansion.” Selection criteria: Original research articles on human clinical trials that involved both RME and LLLT were included. Animal studies were also assessed on an exploratory basis. Results: The search strategy resulted in 12 publications (4 randomized controlled trials, 8 animal studies). In human studies, bone density was assessed radiographically (either two-dimensional or three-dimensional imaging). Regardless of the discrepancies in the intervention protocols, the total of the trials revealed that LLLT had stimulatory effects on bone regeneration after RME. The studies in animal models measured the formation and maturation of new bone qualitatively or quantitatively. Conclusions: Despite the limited evidence, LLLT seems to be a promising intervention for stimulating immediate bone regeneration and healing after midpalatal suture expansion. Long-term, randomized clinical trials are needed to formulate safe results and establish a reliable clinical protocol, rendering the method clinically applicable.
Photomedicine and Laser SurgeryVol. 36, No. 4 Guest EditorialPhotons Harmony for Cell CommunicationReza FekrazadReza FekrazadSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Apr 2018https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2018.4451AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail View article"Photons Harmony for Cell Communication." Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 36(4), pp. 177–178FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byPhotophysical Mechanisms of Photobiomodulation Therapy as Precision Medicine17 January 2023 | Biomedicines, Vol. 11, No. 2 Volume 36Issue 4Apr 2018 InformationCopyright 2018, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.To cite this article:Reza Fekrazad.Photons Harmony for Cell Communication.Photomedicine and Laser Surgery.Apr 2018.177-178.http://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2018.4451Published in Volume: 36 Issue 4: April 1, 2018PDF download
OBJECTIVEThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the long-term effect of pulsed Nd:YAG laser on the treatment of rotator cuff tendinopathy.METHODSSixty patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy participated and completed the study. The mean age was 50.2 ± 3.6 years. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the control group and the treatment group. Both groups were treated with an exercise program, in addition to the pulsed Nd:YAG laser received by the treatment group and the "sham" laser received by the control group, both for three sessions per week for 4 weeks. Outcome measures included pain, assessed by the visual analog scale, and range of motion (ROM), assessed using a traditional goniometer, while the shoulder pain and disability index were used to evaluate the functional recovery of the shoulder joint. Evaluation was carried out before treatment, immediately after treatment, 3 months posttreatment, and 6 months posttreatment. Statistical analyses were used to investigate the effect of interventions and to compare the study groups' pretreatment, posttreatment, and at follow-up points. The significance level was set to p < 0.05.RESULTSPain was significantly decreased after treatment and at follow-up points, while ROM and shoulder functions were significantly improved after treatment and at follow-up intervals in both groups. The improvement was more significant in the treatment group than in the control group posttreatment and at follow-up intervals.CONCLUSIONSPulsed Nd:YAG laser combined with an exercise program seems to be more effective in the treatment of patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy than a sham laser with exercises.
OBJECTIVE:The objective of this split-mouth trial was to investigate the influence of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on adjuvant treatment of gingivitis induced by multi-bracket appliances, after bracket debonding and professional tooth cleaning.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Thirteen patients (mean age 16.15 years; standard deviation ±2.12 years) who had completed active orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances in an orthodontic clinic were included on a randomized basis. At time point T0, after bracket debonding and professional tooth cleaning, the papilla bleeding index (PBI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were assessed in the upper jaw by the blinded investigator (M.S.), who was not aware at any time of which quadrant received PBMT. The study was based on a patient-blinded split-mouth design. In each patient, PBMT was administered by a practitioner (S.S.) in one upper quadrant (wavelength: 660 nm; Power: 100 mW; Power density: 100 mW/cm2; Energy density per application point = 2 J/cm2; Energy per application point = 2 J; Total dose = 52 J/cm2; Total energy = 52 J; Irradiation time: 26 × 20 sec), while the other upper quadrant received a simulated laser application with the laser system turned off. Randomized equal allocation of the sides was accomplished. The second PBI and BOP assessment followed 4-6 days after laser irradiation (T1) by M.S.RESULTS:No statistical differences were observed between the sides with regard to PBI and BOP values at T0 (p > 0.05). The PBI and BOP values decreased significantly between T0 and T1 on both sides (p < 0.05). At T1, the PBI and BOP values were significantly lower in the laser side in comparison with the control side (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS:On the basis of these results and study parameters, adjuvant PBMT is able to accelerate the healing process in patients with gingivitis induced by multi-bracket appliances.
