Plantains and bananas (Musa spp.) are crops that require abundant fertilization and are affectedby numerous pests and diseases, including Black Sigatoka. Previous studies demonstrated thepotential of theBacillus pumilus strain CCIBP-C5 for thein vitro and greenhouse control ofPseudocercospora fijiensis Morelet and to stimulate the growth ofMusa spp. Several studiesare still required to develop a bioproduct based on this strain. For this reason, this researchaims to determine the effect of different culture media on the growth and antifungal activityofBacillus pumilus CCIBP-C5. Two culture media made with industrial by-products, in whichthe growth kinetics of the strain and the effect of culture filtrates (FC) on the growthinhibition ofPseudocercospora fijiensis we re evaluate d. The bacterial strain was able to g rowin both culture media and inhibition of fungal growth was observed in all FCs. The FC obtainedin Soy-Chitin Broth produced greater growth inhibition compared to the FC obtained in Soy- Molasses Broth. It is concluded that the Soy Broth-Chitin culture medium could be the mostindicated for the elaboration of a bioproduct fromB. pumilus CCIBP-C5
Fusarium wilt of banana is a typical vascular wilt disease caused byFusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense. The genetic improvement program of the crop needs tools that allow the quickdetection of fungal phytopathogen. The objective of this work was to establishment a simpledetection protocol ofF. oxysporum race 1 inMusa spp. samples by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). The principal related aspects in this protocol are the sampling, fungalin vitro culture,quick DNA extraction method, PCR protocol, electrophoresis separation of PCR products, andgeneral considerations during the work.
The development of bioproducts with agricultural applications requires that the results obtained at the laboratory level can be scaled up. The objective of this work was to scale the production of a microbial based bioproduct obtained by static fermentation of a mixed culture. A mixed batch culture was carried out with a mixture of molasses and whey in water as sources of nutrients and inoculum. The global growth kinetics were estimated through the biomass as well as the variations of pH and °Brix. Based on the results, a laboratory scale-up (5 liters) and a pilot plant scale (24, 200 and 2100 liters) were carried out. The microbial biomass increased over time, the pH and °Brix decreased. The values were adjusted to a second order polynomial model, with regression coefficients R2> 0.8. Both pH and °Brix showed a significant negative correlation with biomass and between them. The pH and °Brix could be used as indicators to monitor the development of the fermentation and to control the product. The fermentation process can last between 7 and 10 days. With the design conceived and maintaining the proportions of raw materials, it was possible to scale the production process of the microbial based bioproduct from the laboratory to the pilot plant. The characteristics of the bioproduct measured through the pH, °Brix, color and odor indicators were preserved.
Ergothioneine (ERG) is a water soluble amino acid, it is a strong and stable antioxidant. It hasthe ability to form complexes with metal cations helping to prevent the generation of ROS, itprotects cells from oxidative stress. ERG has received much attention as a therapeutic agentdue to its che mical prope rties, it accumulates in certain organs where its effect is required, ithas possible physiological functions as a cytoprotector with successful resultsin vitro andpossiblein vivo when analyzed on animal models, it acts in lung injury, hepatorenal dysfunction,and ischemia/reperfusion injury in the liver and small intestine and has potential beneficialeffects on vascular health. ERG exerts a protective effect against UV radiation, protects theskin from oxidation and DNA damage, protecting the mitochondrial membrane against oxidation.Much of the skin damage from UV radiation is mediated by the generation of ROS. The objectiveof this review was to deepen the knowledge of recent advances in the properties of ERG, itsquantification and the main properties that this component has to be used as an activeprinciple in the agrofood and medical-pharmaceutical industry due to its role as possibletherapeutic agent and powerful antioxidant.
An investigation was carried out with the objective of conceptualizing the technological innovation system at Instituto de Biotecnología de las Plantas (IBP), Cuba. A qualitative research methodology was used, which included the retrospective - prospective method of obtaining information for the analysis of bibliographic sources, historical documents, application of interviews with key informants and surveys, as well as the method of evaluating the information obtained or meta-analysis, for statistical processing, analysis and generalization. This work methodology allowed to carry out the conceptual analysis of technological innovation in its historical-logical evolution and to determine its theoretical cores associated with the practice of the IBP. As a result of the study, it was determined that the IBP develops the four types of technological innovation that are synthesized in the concept of the Oslo manual, related to product, process, marketing and organizational innovations. IBP human resources conceptualized these typologies, highlighting the role of social demand and the market as determinants factors within an innovation system based on the research - production - commercialization. These factors made possible to identify the strong tendency towards the use of a linear model of innovation in such institution.
Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) represent alternative strategies to reduce the cost and increase the production of cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica) seedlings associated with different substrates. This study aimed to assess the effect of inoculating PSM and AMF in different substrates for cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica) culturing. The experiment was installed with a completely randomized design, using a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with four inoculation treatments (PSM, AMF, PSM + AMF, and Control – absence of inoculation), and two soils substrates (pure sandy substrate and mixed substrate). The substrates and microorganism had influence in cagaita seedling growth. The pure substrate conferred better performance of plant growth parameters. In this substrate, cagaita seedlings had higher stem diameter, shoot fresh and dry weight, root volume and root dry weight. The cultivation of seedlings in pure substrate inoculated with AMF and PSM provided greater Mo content in the leaves. The higher root volume of cagaita seedlings was obtained with the inoculation of PSM. A sandy substrate seems to be the most adequate for the cultivation of cagaita seedlings. In addition, co-inoculation provides higher Fe, Mg, and K content in the leaves, as this work showed.
Plinia species comprise a group of underrated fruit trees native to the South and Central American neotropics. Their fruits have high potential as a nutraceutical food and to the medicinal industry. However, among the 80 accepted species, less than a dozen are cultivated. In this review, the state-of-the-art of the genetic diversity and the techniques of vegetative propagation of Plinia spp. was updated. Therewith, it is intended to encourage further studies for genetically disentangle the taxonomic classification the species, and the development of propagation protocols towards the establishment of commercial plantations. Establishing commercial orchards of Plinia species may open new markets for this fruit crop, but the absence of breeding programs and superior quality seedlings hinder such endeavors. The main outcomes of this study are the need of using molecular approaches for solving the taxonomic uncertainties among Plinia species and micropropagation protocols to overcome the difficulties concerning to the vegetative propagation of this species.
To develop an in vitro selection protocol, it is necessary to differentiate between tolerant and susceptible cultivars to the studied factor. The present work was carried out with the objective of selecting the temperature that allows to in vitro differentiating the response of the Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars 'ICA Pijao' (susceptible) and 'Tío Canela-75' (tolerant) to high temperatures. Different temperatures (30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 °C) were applied to seeds of the two cultivars. In vitro seed germination percentage, radicle and plumule length, number of explants that formed callus and number of shoots per callus were evaluated. It was possible to differentiate between cv. ‘ICA Pijao’ (susceptible) and ‘Tío Canela- 75’ (tolerant) with the variables radicle length, plumule length, percentage of calli formed and number of regenerated shoots. It was selected 35 °C as the selective agent.
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is traditionally propagated by rhizomes and can carrydiseases that decrease production.In vitro propagation allows healthy seed to beobtained, in high volumes and in less time. The objective of this work was to present aprotocol for thein vitro propagation of Z. officinale via organogenesis. Procedures for in vitro establishment from axillary buds of primary rhizomes of field-grown plants areincluded. In addition, thein vitro multiplication and planting in theex vitro acclimatizationphase with high survival rates.
Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) represent alternative strategies to reduce the cost and increase the production of cagaita ( Eugenia dysenterica ) seedlings associated with different substrates. This study aimed to assess the effect of inoculating PSM and AMF in different substrates for cagaita ( Eugenia dysenterica ) culturing . The experiment was installed with a completely randomized design, using a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with four inoculation treatments (PSM, AMF, PSM + AMF, and Control – absence of inoculation), and two soils substrates (pure sandy substrate and mixed substrate). The substrates and microorganism had influence in cagaita seedling growth. The pure substrate conferred better performance of plant growth parameters. In this substrate, cagaita seedlings had higher stem diameter, shoot fresh and dry weight, root volume and root dry weight. The cultivation of seedlings in pure substrate inoculated with AMF and PSM provided greater Mo content in the leaves. The higher root volume of cagaita seedlings was obtained with the inoculation of PSM. A sandy substrate seems to be the most adequate for the cultivation of cagaita seedlings. In addition, co-inoculation provides higher Fe, Mg, and K content in the leaves, as this work showed.
In vitro sugarcane plants (Saccharum spp.) are susceptible to environmental changes in theacclimatization phase, which affects their growth and development. The objective of thiswork was to evaluate the effect of the biostimulant Enerplant® on the survival and growth ofin vitro plants of sugarcane cv. C97-445 inex vitro acclimatization. Three solutions (0.6, 0.8and 1.0 ml l-1) of Enerplant® were evaluated and compared with the biostimulant VIUSID Agro®0.8 ml l-1. Two daily applications were made, the first three days after transplant and thenonce a week. The experiments were carried out in the dry season. The variables evaluatedwere survival at 15 days and morphophysiological at 55 days after transplantation. It wasverified that the application of Enerplant® increases the survival of sugarcanein vitroplantsand improves their growth. Treatment with 0.8 ml l-1 of this biostimulant had the greatest effect onin vitroplant growth underex vitro acclimatization conditions.
Anthurium magnificum Linden is a very popular ornamental plant due to its beautiful foliage.In this species, traditional propagation methods are not practical for its large-scale production,and there are no studies in the scientific literature on itsin vitro culture. The objective ofthis work was to achieve the formation of callus inAnthurium magnificum Linden. For this,the effect of different concentrations of 2,4-D and two types of explant (leaf sections andpetiole sections) was evaluated. The results showed that the highest percentages ofcallus formation were obtained in the petiole sections with 100% in all treatments. Thefoliar sections showed lower percentages of callus formation in relation to the petiole. Thecallus formed from both explants were translucent, with a watery appearance and ayellowish-white color, characteristics that are evidence of non-regenerable callus. However,plants were regenerated from callus formed from petioles sections. It was shown that it ispossible to form callus in this species. In this sense, the highest percentage and growth ofcallus were reached when sections of petioles and 0.3 mg l-1 2,4-D in the culture mediumwere used. This research constitutes the first scientific report on thein vitro culture ofthis species
The propagation of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) Requires seed with physiological and phytosanitary quality. The work was carried out with the objective of establishing a bank of sugarcane mother plants under semi-controlled conditions to guarantee the efficiency of in vitro propagation with plants free of Xanthomonas albilineans. A greenhouse was modified and the structure was remodeled, a Sarán shade mesh (50%) and a sprinkler irrigation system were placed. The plants were grown in plastic containers (20 m3 volume) with a mixture of cachaça compost and zeolite 3:1. Stems of cultivars C98-357, C97-445 and C86-156, without symptoms of leaf scald and with six months of culture, were cut into segments with a bud. Hydrothermal treatment was applied and subsequently the biostimulant VIUSID Agro® (0.8 ml l-1) before the buds planting. At three months of culture, a serological diagnosis was made to detect the presence of X. albilineans. The negative plants were treated with biostimulants and the response of the in vitro establishment was evaluated. Adequate plant growth was achieved under the conditions described. The establishment of a bank of sugarcane mother plants under semi-controlled conditions and its management guaranteed that microbial contamination and phenolic oxidation decreased in the in vitro establishment phase. The effectiveness of the hydrothermal treatment combined with the semi-controlled conditions and the management of the plants make it possible to reduce the incidence of X. albilineans.
Although genetic transformation in Glycine max has been intensively investigated, the process remains ineffective. In the present work, for the first time, the in vitro selection of transgenic lines of soybean variety Incasoy-27 is addressed. From somatic embryos transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105, the regeneration of three lines of supposedly transformed plants that showed resistance to phosphinothricin 6.0 mg l-1 was achieved. GUS histochemical analysis demonstrated stable expression of the uidA gene in leaves of two plant lines. Subsequently, the presence of the bar and uidA genes in two regenerated lines was confirmed with the polymerase chain reaction; while in the third line the band referring to the uidA gene was found but it was not possible to demonstrate the presence of the bar gene. In conclusion, is possible to in vitro select transgenic lines of soybean variety Incasoy-27, with expression of the uidA and bar genes in the genome of the transformed plants and 0.30% efficiency.
An investigation was carried out with the objective of conceptualizing the technological innovation system at Instituto de Biotecnologia de las Plantas (IBP), Cuba. A qualitative research methodology was used, which included the retrospective - prospective method of obtaining information for the analysis of bibliographic sources, historical documents, application of interviews with key informants and surveys, as well as the method of evaluating the information obtained or meta-analysis, for statistical processing, analysis and generalization. This work methodology allowed to carry out the conceptual analysis of technological innovation in its historical-logical evolution and to determine its theoretical cores associated with the practice of the IBP. As a result of the study, it was determined that the IBP develops the four types of technological innovation that are synthesized in the concept of the Oslo manual, related to product, process, marketing and organizational innovations. IBP human resources conceptualized these typologies, highlighting the role of social demand and the market as determinants factors within an innovation system based on the research - production - commercialization. These factors made possible to identify the strong tendency towards the use of a linear model of innovation in such institution.
The development of bioproducts with agricultural applications requires that the results obtained at the laboratory level can be scaled up. The objective of this work was to scale the production of a microbial based bioproduct obtained by static fermentation of a mixed culture. A mixed batch culture was carried out with a mixture of molasses and whey in water as sources of nutrients and inoculum. The global growth kinetics were estimated through the biomass as well as the variations of pH and oBrix. Based on the results, a laboratory scale-up (5 liters) and a pilot plant scale (24, 200 and 2100 liters) were carried out. The microbial biomass increased over time, the pH and oBrix decreased. The values were adjusted to a second order polynomial model, with regression coefficients R 2 > 0.8. Both pH and oBrix showed a significant negative correlation with biomass and between them. The pH and oBrix could be used as indicators to monitor the development of the fermentation and to control the product. The fermentation process can last between 7 and 10 days. With the design conceived and maintaining the proportions of raw materials, it was possible to scale the production process of the microbial based bioproduct from the laboratory to the pilot plant. The characteristics of the bioproduct measured through the pH, oBrix, color and odor indicators were preserved.
The in vitro induction of mutations combined with somatic embryogenesis increases the efficiency of mutagenic treatments. This work was carried out with the aim of determining the effect of 60Co source Gamma radiation on embryogenic cell suspensions of banana cv. ‘Manzano’ (MusaAAB). Different doses of radiation (30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 Gy) were applied to embryogeniccell suspensions in the multiplying phase and subsequently subcultured to culture media forthe formation, maturation and germination of somatic embryos. A non-irradiated control wasused. Subsequently, the regenerated plants were transferred to the greenhouse for their acclimatization. At 45 days, survival and phenotypic variations were evaluated. According tothe weighted mean of the variables included, it was possible to select 40 Gy as the mosteffe ctive dose (GR50 and LD50), base d on the variable s numbe r of ge rminated somatic embryosand survival percentage. The results of this study allow us to know the range of radiosensitivity for the application of Gamma radiation from a 60Co source that can induce improved characters of agronomic interest in banana cv. ‘Manzano’ to be used in genetic improvement programs.
The propagation of sugarcane ( Saccharum spp.) Requires seed with physiological and phytosanitary quality. The work was carried out with the objective of establishing a bank of sugarcane mother plants under semi-controlled conditions to guarantee the efficiency of in vitro propagation with plants free of Xanthomonas albilineans . A greenhouse was modified and the structure was remodeled, a Saran shade mesh (50%) and a sprinkler irrigation system were placed. The plants were grown in plastic containers (20 m 3 volume) with a mixture of cachaca compost and zeolite 3:1. Stems of cultivars C98-357, C97-445 and C86-156, without symptoms of leaf scald and with six months of culture, were cut into segments with a bud. Hydrothermal treatment was applied and subsequently the biostimulant VIUSID Agro® (0.8 ml l -1 ) before the buds planting. At three months of culture, a serological diagnosis was made to detect the presence of X. albilineans . The negative plants were treated with biostimulants and the response of the in vitro establishment was evaluated. Adequate plant growth was achieved under the conditions described. The establishment of a bank of sugarcane mother plants under semi-controlled conditions and its management guaranteed that microbial contamination and phenolic oxidation decreased in the in vitro establishment phase. The effectiveness of the hydrothermal treatment combined with the semi-controlled conditions and the management of the plants make it possible to reduce the incidence of X. albilineans .
Plinia species comprise a group of underrated fruit trees native to the South and Central American neotropics. Their fruits have high potential as a nutraceutical food and to the medicinal industry. However, among the 80 accepted species, less than a dozen are cultivated. In this review, the state-of-the-art of the genetic diversity and the techniques of vegetative propagation of Plinia spp. was updated. Therewith, it is intended to encourage further studies for genetically disentangle the taxonomic classification the species, and the development of propagation protocols towards the establishment of commercial plantations. Establishing commercial orchards of Plinia species may open new markets for this fruit crop, but the absence of breeding programs and superior quality seedlings hinder such endeavors. The main outcomes of this study are the need of using molecular approaches for solving the taxonomic uncertainties among Plinia species and micropropagation protocols to overcome the difficulties concerning to the vegetative propagation of this species.
Although genetic transformation in Glycine max has been intensively investigated, the process remains ineffective. In the present work, for the first time, the in vitro selection of transgenic lines of soybean variety Incasoy-27 is addressed. From somatic embryos transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105, the regeneration of three lines of supposedly transformed plants that showed resistance to phosphinothricin 6.0 mg l-1 was achieved. GUS histochemical analysis demonstrated stable expression of the uidA gene in leaves of two plant lines. Subsequently, the presence of the bar and uidA genes in two regenerated lines was confirmed with the polymerase chain reaction; while in the third line the band referring to the uidA gene was found but it was not possible to demonstrate the presence of the bar gene. In conclusion, is possible to in vitro select transgenic lines of soybean variety Incasoy-27, with expression of the uidA and bar genes in the genome of the transformed plants and 0.30% efficiency. Keywords: bar gene, Glycine max, glufosinate, genetic transformation
