Background: For optimum growth and development of children we must ensure adequate nutrition for the children. There is a negative correlation between malnutrition & academic achievement of children Nutritional assessment is mandatory to detect nutritional status of a child. Objective: To detect nutritional status of children, to find out the associated factors affecting nutritional status and to make awareness among the population to prevent the dreadful effects of malnutrition in children as well as in society. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient department of Delta Medical College and Hospital over 6 months. Children aged 2–18 years attending the hospital outdoor for illness, including both nutritionally normal and malnourished children, were included. Results: Among 600 children, 51.33% were female and 50% presented with respiratory tract infection. Normal nutritional status, underweight, overweight, obesity and stunting were found in 61.6%, 16.66%, 11.3%, 10.33% and 1.2% respectively. Daily sunlight exposure for more than 20 minutes was reported in 36.5%. Most children were term-born (83.5%), had normal birth weight (81%) and were exclusively breastfed (74%). Normal development, regular deworming and complete vaccination were present in 88%, 52% and 98% respectively. Most children belonged to upper middle-class families (62%). About 40% had one sibling, and low birth spacing was found in 17%. Most mothers were educated (99.67%), though 76% were homemakers, while all fathers were engaged in job or business. Conclusion: The nutritional status of Bangladeshi children is changing, with decreasing stunting, underweight and wasting, but increasing overweight and obesity. Proper screening, public awareness and preventive measures can help address this dual health burden and reduce social impact. Delta Med Col J. Jan 2023; 11(1):10-15
Background: Both intestinal and diffuse types of gastric adenocarcinoma exhibit Bcl-2 protein expression, which has been shown to be overexpressed in the gastric carcinogenic sequence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Bcl-2 protein expression in gastric adenocarcinoma in relation to its histological type. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College from March 2020 to January 2022. Seventy histologically diagnosed cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were selected with approval from the Institutional Review Board. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, corresponding paraffin blocks were collected. H&E-stained sections were reexamined microscopically to confirm diagnosis and histological type. New sections were prepared from each block for Bcl-2 immunostaining, and Bcl-2 expression was evaluated microscopically in relation to histological type. Result: Gastric adenocarcinoma was more prevalent in older adults, with Bcl-2 overexpression observed in approximately 43% of cases. Most Bcl-2-positive cases were intestinal type (28 intestinal vs. 2 diffuse) and low-grade carcinomas (22 well/moderately differentiated vs. 8 poorly differentiated). No significant association was found between Bcl-2 expression and histological type (p>0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant association of Bcl-2 expression with histological type (p>0.05). Delta Med Col J. Jul 2022; 11 (1): 16-21
Background: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a pre-cancerous lesion of uterine cervix. “See and treat policy of CIN” – is a one-step procedure where evaluation and treatment of CIN cases are performed at the same sitting. In this policy, screen positive patients are referred to colposcopy and are treated with Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) or. Objective: Aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of colposcopy in diagnosis of CIN and also to determine the efficacy and safety of LEEP for the treatment of CIN. Materials and methods: This longitudinal study was performed at Obstetrics & Gynaecology department of Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2019 to June 2020. In this study, 30 patients were included according to selection criteria. Results: Most of the participants (50%) were in the 40-49 years old age group. Out of 30 participants, 16 (53.3%) had high grade CIN and 14 (46.7%) had low grade CIN on colposcopy. According to the biopsy report 26.7% had negative result whereas 13.3%, 46.7%, 10.0% and 3.3% had CIN I, CIN II, CIN III and micro invasive cancer respectively. During follow up, colposcopy revealed 93.3% to be normal, 3.3% had inflammation/infection and low-grade CIN each. Conclusion: A single visit approach using VIA, colposcopy followed by LEEP can help to reduce cervical carcinoma in a low resource country like ours though there is possibility of over-treatment in few cases. Delta Med Col J. Jan 2023;11(1):22-27
Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) can be conducted under general anesthesia as well as spinal anesthesia. To compare the efficacy and safety of spinal anesthesia vs. general anesthesia in PCNL. Materials and Methods: This observational study included 160 patients who underwent PCNL for renal stone from January 2021 to July 2025; 75 received general anesthesia (GA group) and 85 spinal anesthesia (SA group). Demographic and operative variables, including age, stone size, number and location, pre- and postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit, postoperative pain, analgesic requirement, hospital stay, complications and stone-free rate, were compared. Results: The groups were comparable in age, stone size, number and location. Peri-operative hypotension was significantly higher in the SA group than the GA group (19.27% vs. 6.6%, p=0.023), while postoperative fever was higher in the GA group (58.66% vs. 38.22%, p=0.018). Shivering was higher in the SA group (15.29% vs. 5.34%), whereas nausea and vomiting were higher in the GA group: 16.67% vs. 4.79% (p=0.031) and 13.34% vs. 3.52% (p=0.023), respectively. Mean hospital stay was similar between SA and GA groups (5.30±2.06 vs. 05.02±01.91 days, p=0.37). Hemoglobin, hematocrit and stone-free rate showed no significant difference. Conclusion: In PCNL, spinal anesthesia was associated with more hypotension but less postoperative fever and may be an alternative to general anesthesia with comparable efficacy and safety. Delta Med Col J. Jan 2023;11(1):28-34
