This dissertation, borrowing the concepts of Popular Music Studies, Black Studies, and Global Hip hop studies, aims to explore the discursive authenticity of ‘Keepin’ It Real’ in Mainland China Hip Hop/Rap Music. It has been set a Hip hop ‘wave’ and became a popular culture styling after the network program ”Rap of China” was on air in AiQiYi. But before the program streamed, Hip Hop culture has been already appearances in China Society by the ‘black culture’, ‘street style’, ‘underground’, and ‘fashion’ which articulated through trans popular music industries. In this essay is mainly discussion the development of China Hip hop/Rap with the authenticity ‘Keepin’ It Real’ before the Rap of China was on air. And use chronicle to contextualization the historical process of its blackness being accepted and transformed in China. In this process, started by the intermediary of foreigners, to the creation of using ‘dialect’ rap music by local teenagers, presents the narrative basis of the ‘Keepin’ it Real’ of China hip-hop culture / rap. Finally, reflect on how the mainstream media industries could continue to create the ‘real’ appearance of China hip-hop culture/rap through the tripartite reconciliation by local cultural practice, commercial media wrapping and government intervention.
Currently, there are a significant number of international treaties aimed at protecting human rights and international humanitarian law, which aim to reduce the suffering of civilians in conflicts. However, in reality, their implementation and effectiveness can vary significantly depending on the political will of countries, the intervention of third-party forces, and the complexity of the conflicts themselves. In particular, international law often faces implementation difficulties and states’ disregard for their obligations. The aggression of authoritarian regimes and massive human rights violations may remain outside the influence of international norms and standards due to the lack of international consolidation or political dependence. Thus, although international treaties are designed to protect human rights, reality shows that their impact may be limited, especially in the context of global conflicts, hybrid confrontations, etc.
As a new manifestation of traditional trade in the era of the digital economy, digital trade relies on the cross-border flow of data and information, while promoting global economic and trade growth, enhancing consumer welfare, and creating a new form of global employment; it is also faced with of several problems, such as unbalanced development of the main players, restriction of the cross-border flow of data, big differences in digital privacy protection, too broad a dispute settlement mechanism and imperfect intellectual property rights system. Given the above, we should overcome them one by one by increasing support for weak and small subjects, strengthening coordination and communication in all areas of trade, and emphasizing the construction of intellectual property rules, to build a harmonious, safe, and stable digital trade environment.
Based on the contradiction between the infinite demand of trade activities and the limited nature of environmental resources, this paper explores the coordinated development path of international trade activities and ecological environment from the perspective of law and policy. The ecological environment referred to in this paper is primarily concerned with environmental factors, particularly environmental pollution. First of all, this paper analyzes the current situation of international trade and the ecological environment, and it focuses on China. On this basis, the relationship between trade activities and ecological environment and the nature of the conflict between the two are explored. This paper holds that there is a dialectical unity relationship between the two, and the essence of the conflict between the two lies in the conflict between economic interests and environmental public welfare. Secondly, this paper examines and analyzes the current policies related to international trade and environment and resources, including multilateral principles, WTO rules and regional trade agreements, and focuses on the development trend of current environmental policies and trade policies, and the formulation of relevant trade policies increasingly focuses on environmental protection. Finally, in order to strengthen the coordination between the two and achieve a win-win situation between sustainable economic development and environmental protection, this paper puts forward some feasible suggestions, such as continuously promoting the integration of trade policy and environmental policy, advocating green trade, and drawing on existing excellent experience.
The human-centric approach to the modern educational process emphasizes individuality, personal development, and the consideration of each pupil’s or student’s needs. The educational process extends beyond the mere transmission of knowledge, aiming instead for a profound understanding of each student’s needs, interests, abilities, and unique characteristics. This organization of the education system necessitates individualization and differentiation. Curricula and teaching methods are tailored to the specific needs and capabilities of each student. This approach involves employing varied strategies, methods, and learning paces depending on individual characteristics. Modern education fosters the development of critical thinking and creativity, as well as analysis and problem-solving skills, thereby stimulating students’ creativity and innovative approaches. It also promotes social and emotional development by supporting the growth of students’ social and emotional skills, responsibility, cooperation, and interaction with others. To encourage active student participation in the learning process, a variety of interactive methods, project work, and group assignments are utilized. The human dimension of the educational process is defined not only by its content but also by the methods and forms of organizing learning. These contribute to the comprehensive development of each student’s personality, taking into account contemporary socio-cultural and technological realities.
This study explores the impact of demographic variables on organizational trust. It aims to present the concept of organizational trust and its dimensions, addressing its determinants, both personal and organizational. An analytical study was conducted involving a series of previous studies to display results and to examine the extent to which demographic determinants affect the organizational trust among employees at El Harrouch Hospital Institution. The study relied on the descriptive method and used surveys as a data collection tool. Significant statistical differences were found in the responses regarding organizational trust attributed to gender, with males showing higher levels of trust. There were also notable differences due to tenure, favoring those with over 20 years of service, and significant differences in trust attributed to job roles, favoring administrative staff.
The acceleration of the globalization process has led to an increase in international attention being paid to the role of green trade barriers in international trade, particularly from developing countries. Green trade barriers have a dual role: on the one hand, they can facilitate sustainable economic growth in developing countries; on the other hand, they impose restrictions on the trade and exports of developing countries. When considered together, the negative impacts of green trade barriers on developing countries outweigh their positive impacts. The extensive, hidden, unequal, and controversial nature of green trade barriers makes developing countries highly passive in national trade. To realize the benign development of international trade, according to the development trend and characteristic impacts of green trade barriers, we put forward measures for developing countries to deal with foreign green barriers. To mitigate the adverse effects of green trade barriers on developing countries, these countries need to formulate environmental and technical standards in alignment with international standards, implement rigorous domestic environmental protection industrial policies, leverage the full potential of WTO rules, foster enhanced regional and international collaboration, reinforce environmental protection legislation, and establish robust early warning mechanisms. By taking these measures, developing countries can effectively mitigate the negative impacts of green trade barriers and facilitate their economic growth.
This article examines the critical role of civil society organizations (CSOs) in advancing human development and human flourishing in Southeast Asia, highlighting the suitability of the Interdependence Model in explaining the dynamic interactions between CSOs and the state. CSOs in Southeast Asia significantly contribute to education, health, and social welfare by working collaboratively with government entities. Through initiatives like the Tanoto Foundation’s educational programs in Indonesia and the Community-Based Health Care (CBHC) program in Vietnam, CSOs fill crucial service delivery gaps, improve health outcomes, and enhance educational accessibility. Moreover, organizations like Friends-International in Cambodia demonstrate the comprehensive support CSOs provide to vulnerable populations, addressing immediate needs and promoting long-term social welfare. The Interdependence Model, emphasizing cooperation and partnership, effectively captures these collaborative efforts, contrasting with the Pluralist, Corporatist, and Conflict models, which do not fully encompass the cooperative nature of current CSO-state relationships in Southeast Asia. This framework underscores the potential for CSOs and the state to work together to address complex development challenges, thereby fostering sustainable development and enhancing the quality of life across the region.
The North Atlantic Alliance is a military-political organization that was created from the beginning to ensure peace and security. The most important goal that drove NATO and still drives it is the protection of its member states from all types of threats. Fulfilling NATO’s mission of protecting its member states and ensuring peace and security in the North Atlantic region requires an appropriate strategy and capability to respond to the full range of contemporary challenges. There is a need to adapt NATO’s capabilities through development in a changing security environment so that the alliance is always ready to respond when needed. The most important element is nuclear and non-nuclear missile defense, which complement each other. The mentioned forces are supported by military or non-military means. The Russia-Ukraine war has brought renewed attention to the role of NATO and its nuclear defense capabilities in ensuring collective security in the Euro-Atlantic region. As tensions escalate and military confrontations intensify, examining NATO’s nuclear defense strategy and its potential implications for the ongoing conflict is crucial. This work aims to explore the significance of NATO’s nuclear defense in deterring aggression, maintaining regional stability, and shaping the dynamics of the Russia-Ukraine war. While the conflict poses various challenges and risks, NATO’s nuclear deterrent remains a crucial component of the alliance’s collective security architecture. The paper discusses NATO’s nuclear security policy in the current Russia-Ukraine context. As the situation continues to evolve, NATO needs to reassess its nuclear defense strategy and adapt to the evolving security environment in order to effectively address the complexities of the Russia-Ukraine conflict and promote lasting peace in the region.
In the 21st century, following the process of globalization, the importance of the Internet is increasing, continuous remote communication is carried out, electronic purchases are made, payments are made in electronic form, and official and unofficial correspondence is exchanged between actors and institutions both within the country and abroad. Remote services are developing both in the private and public sectors. Therefore, Internet users, service recipients, legal entities, public agencies, and, in general, any citizen who communicates electronically in public space using remote services are under threats from cyberspace. However, it should also be noted that with the rise in popularity of the Internet, a new era of technological challenges are making the threats from cyberspace become apparent. Addressing these threats requires a comprehensive and multi-layered approach, including robust cybersecurity practices, regular updates and patching of software, user education and awareness, cooperation between governments and private sectors, and the development of international norms and agreements to prevent and respond to cyber threats. The technological progress of the world is so comprehensive that we face its consequences in all fields, including wars between states. No one is surprised anymore that today wars are taking place simultaneously in two dimensions – physical and digital worlds. Such is the daily life of two-sided military battalions of the twenty-first century, which became the focus of people’s attention after the start of the Russia-Ukraine war. The presented article discusses cyber attacks carried out by Russia on the territory of Ukraine as a result of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The aim of the paper is to show how important the issue of cyber security is in modern wars and what policies states should implement to neutralize threats from cyberspace.
In the 21st century, the issue of energy security is an important challenge for many states. Energy independence is an important component of the country’s national security. That is why its development is considered a priority of the country’s economic policy. Along with the trends of globalization, international energy relations are increasing day by day. However, the issue of energy security and vulnerability is equally on the agenda, which in turn is related to the problems of access to energy resources and the aggressive appeal of industrialized states with this issue, which creates a destabilizing vulnerable environment in the state. This issue was clearly revealed in the background of the 2022-2023 war between Russia and Ukraine. The mentioned issue is one important part of this paper, along with which the issue of renewable energies is also discussed. Renewable energies, the so-called practical way to get rid of petroleum products is growing more and more. Accordingly, the mentioned work considers both issues equally on the example of the European Union’s energy security strategy, within the framework of the Russia-Ukraine war. The paper discusses the European Union’s energy security policy and current challenges.
The country’s domestic policy and foreign political relations are one of the main directions of the study of the spy state. Accordingly, in order to reduce/avoid the risk of intelligence-related damage and infiltration, it is important to carry out a structural analysis of the informational impact of political power and the political security of the state, also analysis of threats and intelligence vulnerabilities. In the same context, it is important to consider the intelligence aspects of economic soft power, as well as to analyze power as a behavior control mechanism, the communicative concept of power and its intelligence side. All of the above should be an important basis for planning preventive measures for the internal and external security of the state.
The Russia-Ukraine conflict in 2022-2023 unfolds against the backdrop of a rapidly evolving military technological landscape, characterized by advancements in artificial intelligence, cyber capabilities, and autonomous systems. This abstract delves into the intersection of these technological developments and their profound implications on the dynamics of the ongoing war. The study examines the role of emerging technologies in shaping the strategies and tactics employed by both Russia and Ukraine. It explores how artificial intelligence-driven command and control systems, unmanned aerial vehicles, and cyber operations have altered the traditional balance of power, offering new opportunities and challenges for both belligerents. The research draws on a comprehensive analysis of open-source information, military doctrines, to provide insights into the ways in which military technological revolution has influenced the Russia-Ukraine war.
Humanity has been faced with violence of various gruesome forms such as the two world wars in the 20th century, the ongoing war between Israel and Hamas, the prolonged war between Russia and Ukraine, state-sponsored violence against its own people in the developing world, terroristic acts, gang fights, violent crimes, and other examples that result to death, destruction, and suffering. In this context, this paper examines the discourses on ethical principle of nonviolence and the application of the nonviolent communication with the goal of integrating these in peace communication. The study has a qualitative, inductive research design with the meta-analysis of research studies and discourses on the ethical principle of nonviolence and the effectiveness of nonviolent communication within the three spectra of peace, namely: inner peace, interpersonal peace, and outer peace (sociopolitical peace and peace with nature and the environment). The themes drawn from the research studies are agape love, compassion, ahimsa, application of Gandhian nonviolence in peacekeeping and peacebuilding processes, empathy, recognition of our own and the others’ feelings and needs, conversion of peoples’ hearts, changing oppressive social structures, and pacifist response to aggression. The study found the interconnection between inner peace and interpersonal peace, between interpersonal peace and outer peace, and between inner peace and outer peace. The study proposes a holistic framework integrating nonviolence and nonviolent communication principles in the three spectra of peace (inner, interpersonal, and outer) for teaching, research, and extension work.
The purpose of the study is to identify promising areas of investment diplomacy in encouraging foreign investment in the economy of Azerbaijan. As a result of the study, the tasks of identifying areas of agreements with countries of the world to encourage foreign investment and identify areas belonging to attracting foreign investment have been solved. The author considers investments made in Azerbaijan; studies investments directed abroad. A limitation in the study was the lack of open information before 2000 on benefits and other measures in agreements between Azerbaijan and other countries, the lack of information on investment investments abroad by sectors of the economy, and the discrepancy in figures between the CBA and UNCTAD. The study used the methods of grouping, analysis and comparison. The legal framework, information from reports of international organizations, forums were used. The scientific novelty of the study is that the author considered new trends in the field of investment attractiveness and made proposals on the directions of Azerbaijan’s investment diplomacy. The author found that agreements, conventions and protocols have a different structure and significant differences in the content of bilateral investment treaties allow the country to retain certain leverage. In the sectoral context, the largest flows of investments were directed to the development of industry, construction and transport. Since 2006, there has been an increase in investment in the transport sector, and since 2014 in construction. Despite the growth of foreign investment in these sectors, statistics still recorded an increase in the inflow of foreign investment in the sector of crude oil and natural gas production. Also, 30% of Azerbaijan’s direct investment abroad is in the oil sector. In order to implement promising areas of Azerbaijan’s investment diplomacy in the near future, it was proposed to introduce active investment diplomacy.
The Russia-Ukraine war that started in 2022 has affected the education system of Ukraine. It was preceded by a period of pandemic. The impact of war on education goes beyond a humanitarian crisis; It also threatens the future of the entire generation of Ukrainians in terms of education, because education is a priority direction that has no alternative. An educated generation creates a strong future for the country. In this sense, war has no winners. The hostilities disrupt the normal rhythm of life, which affects all spheres. The emotional state of war children is very significant and attention-grabbing. It is a pity when in the 21st century war is no stranger to children. Children have to overcome difficulties in front of this harsh reality.
The primary objective of this study is to analyze the historical evolution of cyber deterrence strategies, tracing their development from conventional defence paradigms to the contemporary digital domain. By examining case studies, policy frameworks, and international collaborations, the research aims to unearth the pivotal milestones and key transformations in the narrative of cyber deterrence. The 21st century has witnessed an unprecedented proliferation of cyber threats, underscoring the imperative for robust cyber deterrence strategies. This research study delves into the multifaceted landscape of cyber deterrence, aiming to elucidate its evolution, challenges, and future trajectories in an era defined by technological innovation and geopolitical complexities—furthermore, the research endeavours to offer insights into the future perspectives of cyber deterrence strategies. Anticipating future geopolitical shifts and the evolution of cyber threats, the study envisages adaptive strategies and policy recommendations to fortify cyber defences. The methodology involves a comprehensive review of scholarly literature, case analyses and policy documents. The synthesis of these diverse sources aims to present a holistic understanding of cyber deterrence strategies and their implications in the contemporary landscape. This article provides an overview of the research’s scope, objectives, methodology, and anticipated contributions to the field of cybersecurity and international relations.
Profoundly autistic man Tito Mukhopadhyay has been presented as the perfection of the perfection of autism treatment. A cure for autism has of course never been devised. And no one even knows what kind of treatment could even possibly cure autism, because no one knows what the neurological mechanism of autism is. However, I demonstrate that Tito’s communication therapist engaged in multifaceted communicative deception with him during the 2003 – 2017 extensive nationally televised presentations of the therapists’ communicative method. The therapist is Soma Mukhopadhyay, who also is Tito’s mother. It was not known that she was using a speech encryption method, nor other methods of deception. However, from the outset there was suspicion among a vast array of scientists, clinicians, etc., that she was, somehow, responsible for Tito’s written communications. However, despite that they analyzed Soma’s presentations with Tito, and published journal-articles on the “absence of evidence” that Tito, himself, was communicating, they were not able to auditorily observe the speech encryption, nor visually observe and auditorily observe the other methods of deception. That is, they were not able to observe “proof of deception”. “Absence of evidence” and “proof of deception” are of course different. In 2008, a team of scientists who studied Soma and Tito for over 1 year, including the renowned Michael Merzenich, and in 2011 the renowned Oliver Sacks, concluded that there is an abundance of evidence that Tito himself is able to communicate via writing. However, I demonstrate that there is an abundance of proof of deception, and that Sacks, Merzenich, etc., were not able to observe the speech encryption and other methods of deception. (This article consists of revisions and a correction of my 2021 article).
