Received: 24 September 2020 Accepted: 6 October 2020 It is proven fact that the efficiency of earthwork hugely affects the overall infrastructure construction project in terms of cost and time. Accuracy of earthwork estimation, especially the estimation of a rock layer directly affects the overall productivity since rock layer excavation requires additional rock breaking process to break down the rock layer into manageable smaller pieces. In order to make a decision on the construction method in the construction area, earthwork engineers must have an intuitive understanding of the distribution of underground rock strata. The only available way to estimate rock layers is acquiring boring data from an actual earthwork site and interpolate each layer. Accurate modeling of the rock layer is of utmost important process during earthwork estimation for planning energy efficient excavation. This study used Kriging interpolation, as an important research content of geological three-dimensional visualization to accurately create rock layer. Kriging interpolation not only considers the spatial relationship between variables, but also takes into account the structural and stochastic characteristics of variables, so that it can fully represent the structural information of regionalized variables. The accuracy of rock mass calculation is analyzed by means of actual dataset from a test site, and it showed that the accuracy of Kriging-based model excels the original model.
Received: 19 May 2020 Accepted: 16 June 2020 Many countries have implemented policies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in public buildings, emphasizing the leading role of the public sector. In Korea, in order to achieve a 30% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030, public agencies must set annual targets or quotas. However, the lack of experts and support are the biggest obstacles to achieving this reduction target. This study constructed a GHG evaluation database (DB) based on energy use, GHG reduction technology with the aim of decision making about GHG reduction with minimal building information and limited expert knowledge. The GHG evaluation DB was built using data from the Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS), an energy consumption survey of 6,720 public and commercial buildings by the US Department of Energy. The database was used in addition, it proposed a method for evaluating greenhouse gases in public buildings by using basic information such as the total floor area of buildings through building energy data. Additionally, the case study of domestic public buildings, A case study was conducted to examine the significance of the evaluation DB.
Received: 22 June 2020 Accepted: 23 June 2020 The construction of sustainable schools has received increasing attention, and the realization of sustainable school development can not only fundamentally alleviate the environmental impact of building energy, but also reduce and eventually eliminate the negative effects of buildings on human health and the environment. In addition, it is also very important to implement sustainable strategies for school facilities that can influence students’ learning and health as well. This study conducted an in-depth case study method to figure out the appropriate sustainable strategies and energy saving technologies that could be a prototype model for a sustainable school facility. In addition, this energy and sustainable prototype can reduce energy consumption in the school facility as well as improve indoor environment. The construction of sustainable schools has a long-term positive effect and significance to the economy, environment and society.
Received: 4 February 2020 Accepted: 14 July 2020 Although the LEED and Energy Star certifications are designed primarily to protect the natural environment and promote the quality of life, they also produce positive economic benefits for the stakeholders of certified buildings. These economic benefits are expected to extend to some extent to their immediate neighboring buildings, thus encouraging growth in the local real estate market and partially satisfying the triple bottom line of sustainability. This study examined the impact of a LEED and/or Energy Star certified office building on the median unit market value of neighboring buildings in New York City based on five different proximity bands relative to the certified office building. Both spatial and statistical methods were utilized. LEED and/or Energy Star certified office buildings were found to exert various spillover effects on the median unit market value of buildings in each sub-neighborhood depending on the proximity of each building to the LEED and/or Energy Star certified office building. These spillover effects support the mutual growth of LEED and/or Energy Star certified office buildings and their neighborhoods from a socio-economic standpoint.
Received: 24 July 2019 Accepted: 30 September 2019 This study presents the hydration mechanisms and physico-mechanical characteristics of cements composites based on Portland cement, natural Pozzolan (PZ) and blast furnace slag (BFS). The Vicat test indicates a reduction in the initial setting time. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to evaluate the pozzolanic reactivity of mineral additions. The curve of heat released of M20 (20% PZ, 80% cement), shows that the dormant period was shortened by a rapid resumption of hydration reactions compared to the control. The mechanical activation, combined to the thermal activation has significantly increased the strength at early and medium term. The micrographs obtained by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) show greater compactness in blended cements and a change in microscopy and pore’s structure depending on the additions and curing temperature.
Received: 5 June 2019 Accepted: 24 June 2019 The purpose of this study is to perform LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) more efficiently in the non-residential building field which is not different from residential building. For that reason, we will improve the efficiency of LCA for non-residential buildings by analyzing the key building materials that we must know to assessment. The main materials derived from this study include RMC, Rebar, Steel Frame, Glass, Brick, Cement, Aggregate and Iron in common. In addition, the general building has Gypsum, and the commercial building has stone as the ninth major material. By replacing the derived materials with the values of the three environmental impacts required by the Korean green building certification system G-SEED, it is possible to check the errors compared with the values already evaluated in the practical work and verify that they are applicable in actual work. As a result, it was analyzed that the materials derived from this study alone are sufficient to carry out LCA. If LCA is performed using these main materials, it is expected to be more efficient in terms of time and cost.
Received: 6 December 2019 Accepted: 27 December 2019 Environmental impact analyses of infrastructural elements (through life cycle assessment) have been actively pursued worldwide, as a strategy for sustainable structural development. Accordingly, data pertaining to structures are required to enable the prediction of environmental impact. In the particular case of bridge structures, although actual maintenance performance is managed in the form of various datasets, little research has resulted from the use of this data, and has mostly involved limited scenarios that are used to estimate the environmental impact of the maintenance stage. The purpose of this study is to propose an equation model that uses inputs regarding bridge maintenance to evaluate the environmental impact of the maintenance of a bridge structure. For this purpose, the use of different maintenance methods and the ratio of the bridge maintenance area to total area based on maintenance method used were calculated using the road bridge maintenance performance dataset of Korea, and the proportion of main input materials used for each maintenance method was estimated. In addition, an equation model for estimating the annual bridge maintenance environmental impact was proposed using these results, and the environmental impact per unit area due to the maintenance of road bridges in Korea was evaluated.
Received: 11 September 2019 Accepted: 27 September 2019 According to maintenance technology, in order to calculate the increase in service life of structures and reduction in environmental load, a quantitative environmental impact assessment is necessary. There must be a basic unit quantifying environmental impact emission for building materials. This study aims to use polysiloxane and perform life cycle greenhouse gas emission evaluation based on an optimal composition ratio of a cement reactive siloxane polymer-based compound and penetration resist agent. Accordingly, the greenhouse gas emission of this agent was evaluated by securing basic data and life cycle inventory database for raw materials such as isophorone diisocyanate, ethylene glycol, and polydimethylsiloxane. An evaluation of greenhouse gas emission of the penetration resist agent was performed, and the greenhouse gas emissions of the agent at different composition ratios were comparatively analyzed. According to the evaluation, the carbon dioxide emission 1.68 kg-CO2eq/m 2 showed the highest contribution 93.51% in the overall emission of 1.94 kg-CO2eq/m 2
This research was supported by a grant (Code 19CTAP-C152276-01) from the Construction Technology Research Program (CTIP) funded by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport.
This research was supported by a grant from the Technology Advancement Research Program (TARP), funded by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport of the Korean government (No. 18CTAP-C143357-01) and Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (No. NRF-2017R1D1A1B03031335).
