A l'aide de resultats obtenus au cours d'etudes longitudinales sur les comportements d'enfants reserves et craintifs d'une part, sociables et exuberants, d'autre part, les auteurs analysent la stabilite d'un profil psychologique dans l'evolution d'un enfant, l'importance de l'environnement familial dans le developpement de troubles de l'anxiete (panique) et les correlats physiologiques de ces troubles
MRI is the dominant neuroimaging modality for multiple sclerosis (MS). The revised diagnostic criteria for MS [1] formally incorporate the common MRI abnormalities found in patients who have MS to enable a timely diagnosis in the absence of a second clinical event in the appropriate clinical setting. Once the diagnosis of MS has been established, the long-term significance of the number and extent of MRI abnormalities for individual patients remains unknown. MRI is suited ideally for evaluating the cycle of dynamic changes in vivo, because it provides full coverage of the central nervous system (CNS) in a reasonable time frame and does not have the safety concerns of radiation exposure. Serial MRI studies demonstrate that new MS lesions occur frequently during periods of apparent clinical stability [2–5]. Correlations with clinical disability are only modest, however, as MRI often detects clinically silent disease activity. The suppression of new gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted (T1) and newly active T2-weighted (T2) lesions on MRI now are standard outcome measures of efficacy for all clinical trials of putative disease-modifying therapies in MS. This article reviews how conventional and advanced MRI techniques provide important biomarkers of MS pathology and are invaluable for monitoring the pathogenesis of MS, including inflammation, degeneration, and repair. It also considers the role of MRI outcomes in clinical trials and in clinical practice.
