Thread blight caused by Corticium koleroga is a devastating disease that causes severe damage to Coffea arabica in Ethiopia. However, it is one of the least researched diseases in Ethiopia. Therefore, the current work was designed with the objectives to (1) assess the intensity of the disease, (2) identify major factors associated with the disease intensity, (3) identify and characterize C. koleroga isolates and (4) determine the pathogenicity of C. koleroga isolates in southwest Ethiopia. For this purpose, field surveys were conducted on 180 farmers’ fields in 12 districts of southwest Ethiopia during 2017 cropping season. In addition, diseased samples were collected from 11 districts of southwestern Ethiopia during the study. The 11 C. koleroga isolates were characterized using macroscopic and microscopic features. The isolates were cultured on potato dextrose agar and incubated at 25 oC for ten days. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The average thread blight incidence varied from 0% to 46% while mean disease severity ranged from 0% to 44%. The thread blight disease incidence and severity were higher at areas representing highland and midland altitudes compared with lowland altitudes. Thread blight severity was positively and strongly associated with rainfall (r = 0.75) and relative humidity (r = 0.85), but the disease severity was negatively and strongly associated with mean temperature (r = -0.79) and shade level (r = -0.50), while it was positively and intermediately correlated to altitude (r = 0.44) and coffee production systems (r = 0.36). The colony color of C. koleroga isolates were from white to floral white, with circular to irregular form and filiform to entire in margin on PDA plates. Growth rate of the isolates varied between 6 and 9 mm/day in diameter. Average basidiospore size ranged from 10 to 13.75 × 3.75 to 5 μ. All isolates were pathogenic to C. arabica with different lesion sizes. The present study revealed the importance of coffee thread blight, identified factors associated with the disease intensity and morphological characteristics of C. koleroga existing in southwestern Ethiopia. Future research should be directed towards surveying more agro-ecologies to have a complete picture on the importance of thread blight disease across the country and molecular characterization of the pathogen to recommend disease management strategies.
There is limited information available describing the clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19 patients at (HMGH) in Qatar, also there is lack of reporting about temporal association of Malnutrition and severity of COVID-19. This study was aimed to describe the relationship between serum albumin levels and certain nutritional parameter with mortality rate for ICU-COVID-19 patients. The study was conducted retrospectively on a group of adult patients, who were admitted to ICU at HMGH, from 01/04/ 2020 to 30/09/ 2020, who’s discharged from the hospital, whether recovered or expired, if they met the following inclusion criteria: ICU patients, ≥ 18 years of age, laboratory confirmed positive of COVID-19. Data of ICU-COVID-19 patients at HMGH will be extracted from electronic medical record (EMR). Total of 1059 patients, among them 78 (7.4%) patients were females and 981(92.6%) of them were males. Comparing with nationality 93(8.78%) patients were Qatari and 966(91.21%) were non-Qatari, 951 (89.8%) was survived & 108 (10.2%) were non survived, furthermore 12 (11.1 %) patients from the non-survived patients were Qatari & 96 (88.9 %) were non-Qatari. In the results it found that 136 (12.8%) of patients had Hyperlipidemia, 75 (7.1%) had obesity, 577 (54.5%) with diabetes, 513 (48.41%) with hypertension, & 129 (12.2%) had chronic lung disease. 581 patients had albumin value below 35 gm/L on admission and 768 had below 35 gm/L before discharge. 478 patients had albumin level above 35 gm/L on admission and 291 patients had above 35 gm/L albumin level before discharge. Among non-survived patients who 108 (100%) of them had low serum albumin levels before death and 80 (74.1%) of them had below 35 gm/L albumin and 28 (25.9%) patients had 35 gm/L and above albumin levels on admission. In Qatar there were adequate implementation of interventions, protections & management to face COVID-19 prevention. Our study concluded that male patients & hypoalbuminemia were significantly risk of mortality associated with COVID-19.
A fortified fermented local meal was produced from pigeon pea and unripe plantain. 50kg of pigeon pea was subjected to solid state method of fermentation for 72 hrs. Samples of meal were produced from fermented pigeon pea and unripe plantain at different ratios and labeled samples A, B and C. Sample A had 10% fermented pigeon pea and 90% unripe plantain flour, sample B had 20% fermented pigeon pea and 80 % unripe plantain flour while sample C had 30% fermented pigeon pea and 70 % unripe plantain flour. The three samples were subjected to microbial and mineral analysis. Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisae were isolated from all the samples. The microbial count ranged from 1.2x106 CfU /g to 1.8 x 106 CfU/g which was not significant. There was no significant difference (p≤ 0.05) in the microbial count of the three samples. Mineral analysis revealed that the samples were rich in sodium, potassium, calcium, iron and phosphorus. However, sample C had the highest sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus while sample A had the highest iron value. Sample A had the least value of sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. Keywords: Microbial, Mineral, Fermentation, Pigeon Pea and Plantain. DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/111-02 Publication date: October 31 st 2021
Malnutrition is a persistent problem in developing countries, and protein-energy malnutrition is the worst form of malnutrition associated with lack of energy and proteins. Malnutrition at the early stages of life can lower child resistance to infections, increase child morbidity and mortality, and decrease mental and cognitive achievement. Worldwide the most important step in the treatment of protein energy malnutrition is to correct nutritional imbalances. Increasing the amount of protein in cereal staple foods is the ideal solutions to problem related to malnutrition. Several studies reported that, increased protein content in soybean fortified cereals and tubers, which makes significant contribution towards the alleviation of protein-energy malnutrition. Soybean can be utilized mainly as fermented (e.g., sauce, miso, natto) and non-fermented (e.g., oil, milk, tofu, flour) foods. Therefore, this paper aimed to revise the contribution of home-prepared soy-dishes to combat protein-energy malnutrition.
A fortified fermented local meal was produced from pigeon pea and unripe plantain. 50kg of pigeon pea was subjected to solid state method of fermentation for 72 hrs. Samples of meal were produced from fermented pigeon pea and unripe plantain at different ratios and labeled samples A, B and C. sample A had 10% fermented pigeon pea and 90% unripe plantain flour, sample B had 20% fermented pigeon pea and 80 % unripe plantain flour while sample C had 30% fermented pigeon pea and 70 % unripe plantain flour. The three samples were subjected to proximate and sensory evaluations. There was significant \difference (p≤ 0.05) in the protein contents of the samples. Sample C had the highest protein content while sample A had the least. There was no significant difference (p≤ 0.05) in the moisture, crude fibre, ash contents of the samples. Sample C had the highest fat and least carbohydrate while sample A had the least fat and highest carbohydrate contents. The sensory evaluation result showed that sample C was most preferred while sample A was least preferred. However, there was no significant difference (p≤ 0.05) in the sensory parameters of the samples. Keywords: Proximate, Sensory, Parameters, fermentation, Samples. DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/111-03 Publication date: October 31 st 2021
The safety of human food is threatened by various agents including pathogenic microorganisms, and antimicrobial agents. Antibiotics are natural products of a micro-organism, or similar semi-synthetic products that inhibit the growth or destroy microorganisms. Residues of veterinary medicines are defined as pharmacologically active substances, principles, or degradation products and their metabolites, which remain in foodstuffs obtained from animals that have been administered the veterinary medicine. The most common causes for the presence of antibiotic residues in food of animal origin are violation of withdrawal periods, overdosing of antibiotics and use of inaccurate routes of administration of drugs. Drug residues concentrations vary from tissue to tissue and are generally observed to be higher in tissues of storage such as body fat or in organs that actively metabolize and excrete them. Probably the most common way milk is contaminated by penicillin is through intra-mammary infusion of the drug in the treatment of mastitis. The presence of antibiotics or their metabolites in food is potentially hazardous to health as it may cause allergic reactions in people and antibiotic resistance in pathogenic microorganisms. Some antibiotics like streptomycin, neomycin and gentamicin has been reported to cause damage to the kidney and to hearing. Allergic reaction to the human body mostly resulted from β-Lactam antibiotics. Anaphylactic reactions are reported to result from consumption of beef or pork containing penicillin. Drugs in which their residues induce cancer in humans or consumers are: nitrofurans, nitroimdazoles, etc. Antibiotics are invariably administered to dairy cattle, but their indiscriminate use, without adequate technical and veterinary control, can lead to a series of negative consequences at all levels of the dairy productive chain. Many antibacterial and anticoccidial drugs are licensed for use in poultry for treatment of enteric and respiratory disease. Potential adverse effects of drugs that appear as residues in food animals are: carcinogenic, allergic, toxic, neurologic disorder and microbiological effects. Keywords: Drugs, Drug residue, Food, Human DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/108-02 Publication date: May 31 st 2021
Food-borne diseases incorporate a varied spectrum of illnesses and that are common in developing countries including Ethiopia.The World Health Organization estimated that in developed countries, up to 30% of the population suffers from foodborne diseases each year, whereas in developing countries up to 70% of cases of diarrheal disease are associated with the consumption of contaminated food per year.Animal products such as meats, fish and their products are generally regarded as high-risk commodity in respect of pathogen contents, natural toxins and other possible contaminants.In Ethiopia, the widespread habit of raw beef consumption is a potential cause for foodborne illnesses besides, the common factors such as overcrowding, poverty, inadequate sanitary conditions, and poor general hygiene.In Ethiopia, as in other developing countries, it is difficult to evaluate the burden of food borne pathogens because of the limited scope of studies and lack of coordinated epidemiological surveillance systems.In addition, under-reporting of cases and the presence of other diseases considered to be of high priority may have overshadowed the problem of foodborne pathogens.Therefore, this study was focus on reported retrospective common food borne pathogens specifically Salmonella spp.Listeria spp., Staphylococcus spp.and Campylobacter spp. in the selected study area which is Adisu gebya health center Addiss Ababa Ethiopia.
A cross-sectional study was carried out from May 2014 to February 2015 to identify potential sources of raw cows' milk contamination and assess its bacteriological quality, and investigate the bacteriological quality of fresh cows' milk at different sampling points, in Jimma town.A total of 348 milk samples from udder, milking bucket, storage containers and vendors were randomly collected.To determine the bacterial load in raw milk samples, standard plate count test (SPC), coliform counts (CC), somatic cell counts (SCC), and california mastitis test (CMT) were conducted.The overall mean value of total bacterial counts (TBC) and coliform counts (CC) were 6.76log10 CFU/ml and 4.57 log10 CFU/ml respectively.The mean TBC were 5.87 ± 0.09 log10 CFU/ml, 6.14 ± 0.07 log10 CFU/ml, 7.39 ± 0.13 log10 CFU/ml, and 7.63 ± 0.06 log10 CFU/ml at udder, milking bucket, storage container and milk vendor levels respectively.The mean CC from udder, milking bucket, storage container and vendor were 3.14 ±0.09 log10 CFU/ml, 4.08 ± 0.07 log10 CFU/ml, 5.07 ± 0.23 log10 CFU/ml and 6.00 ± 0.21 log10 CFU/ml respectively.The difference in the mean TBC and CC at each sampling points were statistically significant (P=0.001).Among the investigated sampling points, the highest level of contamination in terms of TBC and CC was at vendor level.Factors that contributed to poor quality of milk were unhygienic milking procedures, lack of potable water, dirty milking environment and use of unclean milking and storage containers.According to international standards, TBC, CC and SCC have values above the upper limits set.The results of the current study indicated that the cow milk produced and distributed in the study area can generally be considered as substandard in quality.Therefore, it is important to put in place an improved hygienic practice at all levels in the dairy to improve the quality of cows' milk.
Ethiopia has huge potential for beekeeping because of its endowment with diversity in climate and vegetation resources that potentially favor beekeeping. The gap in honey marketing is the main problem though Gera district is known for its high production of honey. Thus, this research attempted to analyze determinants of honey marketed surplus in Gera district of Oromia regional state. Multi stage sampling procedure was employed to draw sample of 139 honey producers. Descriptive statistics was used for characterizing farmers and econometrics analysis was used for identifying factors affecting honey marketed surplus. The two-stage least square regression model results showed that quantity of honey produced, family size, type of beehive used, beekeeping experience, distance to nearest market, frequency of extension contact and sex of the house hold head significantly affected honey marketed surplus. The study findings suggest that improving the input supply system, improving beekeeper’s knowledge, encouraging adult education, improving production of honey, expanding accessibility of market infrastructure and strengthening supportive institutions. Keywords : Two-stage least square regression: Marketed surplus; Honey. DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/110-03 Publication date: September 30 th 2021
Selection of appropriate varieties and quality seed to be planted is the most important steps in boosting agricultural production; failures to do so would result in loss of yield or market acceptability of crops. To ensure this demonstration of improved potato varieties were conducted in West and Kellam Wollega Zones of Oromia national regional state. Different participatory technology evaluations were employed to enable farmers to select the variety/varieties which fit their local conditions based on their own preference. The result obtained indicated that, the production of Belete variety can increase potato production by 56.26% and Gudane can increase potato production by 49.95% in Zones compared to the local practice. More importantly, farmers were enabled to select varieties based on their own criterion, Accordingly, the direct matrix ranking indicated Belete variety as their first choice with the total percentage of 42.32%, Gudane and Local second and third with total percentage of 38.62% and 19.05% respectively. Besides, the profitability analysis indicated higher profit was obtained from Belete variety followed by Gudane. Therefore, based on the agronomic yield under farmers’ management conditions and farmers’ preference to the varieties, extension service providers and other concerned bodies should give attention to increasing the adoption of improved Belete and Gudane varieties in the target areas to boost potato production. Keyworlds: Belete; Demonstration; Gudane; Pair wise ranking; Potato. DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/110-01 Publication date: September 30 th 2021
The study was conducted with the objective of assessing factors associated with farm households’ food security status using primary data collected from 220 sample households from Walmara district, central Ethiopia. The multistage sampling technique was the sampling procedure followed to take the required sample. Descriptive and econometric data analyses were executed. The descriptive result revealed that sex of the head, access to credit services, access to extension contact, educational level of the household head, livestock holding, and land owned were positively related, while the occurrence of crop pests, age of the household head, dependency ratio, family size, market distance, and irrigation distance negatively related to household food security status. Logistic regression was the model used, and the result revealed that sex of the household head, livestock holding, land owned, access to extension contacts, access to irrigation services, and access to credit services showed a positive association, while the family size and dependency ratio negatively and significantly associated with household foods security status. Therefore, policies and strategies focusing on the provision of gender-based training, establishing irrigation facilities, promoting mixed farming of crop and livestock, and availing institutional facilities that providing financial and technical services to farm households are recommended as they contribute more in improving the food security status of farm households. Keywords: Food security, Calorie, logistic regression, Walmara DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/108-03 Publication date: May 31 st 2021
In Ethiopia, mainly fish productions are from Great Rift Valley lakes and in some other northern parts of the country. Despite the potential of fish production its fish consumption is insignificant and found to play little role in the households’ livelihood. The demand for fish in the country is increasing; however, the supply side is not increasing with large opportunities to produce. For The consumption pattern and demand is increasing. The total fish production of the country accounts less than 1 percent of total production in Sub-Saharan African countries. Therefore with a little contribution for food and nutrition security the fishery sector has challenges related to existing climate changes, mismanagement fishery resources, lack of timely policies and institution and other technical backups related to loose rules and regulations. There are numerous explanations ascribing to the low and poor production due to inappropriate and not advancing fishing methods, economic disabilities related to infrastructures like preservation technologies. The absence of appropriate managements has been affecting the utilization of fishery resources. Thus future works has to give due attentions to exploit the fish production potentials and enhance the contributions to food and nutrition security. DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/108-04 Publication date: May 31 st 2021
Ethiopia holds large potential for dairy development, the sector is not developed to the expected level. The objectives of this paper were to provide organized information on different types of dairy product processing, preservation and the role of dairy product processing and preservation in food security in the country. Milk production systems can be classified into three based on their location: urban, pre-urban and rural milk production systems. Urban dairy production system is placed in cities and towns, with small or no access to grazing land and small feeding conditions which focus on the production and sale of fluid milk, using the available human and capital resources. Pre-urban milk production is developed around city areas. Another types of dairy production system is the rural dairy system, which includes pastoralist, agropastoral and mixed crop–livestock producers, mainly in the highland areas. There are four main methods used to process milk that are suitable for small-scale operation: Cooling fresh milk to extend the shelf life by a day or two, or freezing it. Heating milk to destroy both contaminating micro-organisms and naturally occurring enzymes that change the flavor of milk. Making the milk acidic to slow down or food poisoning bacteria, Reducing the amount of water in milk products to slow down or prevent the growth of bacteria are some Examples. Also, dairy production used for human consumption and it has great role in food security of the country. Keywords : Ethiopia, dairy production, food security DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/110-02 Publication date: September 30 th 2021
The species Mentha piperita L. (Peppermint tea) is an aromatic perennial glabrous and strongly scented herb. It is one of the most popular and widely consumed single ingredient herbal teas, or tisanes. This study evaluate the phytochemicals constituents and elemental compositions of methanolic leaves extract of peppermint tea. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoids, glycosides, saponin, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and total phenolic compounds, while quantitative analysis shows terpenoids>total phenolic compounds>flavonoids>alkaloids>glycosides>tannins>steroids>saponins. Elemental analysis revealed the presence of potassium (K) 116.67±0.00mg/kg, Calcium (Ca) 96.67±9.95mg/kg, Sodium (Na) 93.33±0.00mg/kg, Iron (Fe) 77.53± 0.50mg/kg, Copper (Cu) 49.13±5.15mg/kg, Manganese (Mn) 15.33±0.75mg/kg, Magnesium (Mg) 9.33±4.00mg/kg, and Zinc (Zn) 0.80±0.30mg/kg. Thus this study shows peppermint plant to be of high nutritional value and contain medicinally important bioactive compounds. Keywords: Phytochemicals; Elemental Analysis; Peppermint; Methanol and Leave Extract DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/108-07 Publication date: May 31 st 2021
The experiment was conducted at Babille district, during 2018 and 2019 main cropping season at Erer Research Station. Erer research sub site is located latitude of 09° 10' 41.5" north and longitude of 042° 15' 27.3". The objectives of the experiments were to evaluate and select best methods of root zone moisture retention and soil conservation techniques suited for early mature sorghum. The treatments of experiments were, Control (no soil and water conservation measures), open ended tied ridge, level soil bund, contour furrow, closed ended tied ridge, Broad bed, Semi-circular and mulch respectively. The design of the experiment was RCBD with three replication. Genstats 18th editions was used for data Analysis. Statistically there is highly significant variation among the treatments in terms of all parameters at 5% significance level across three planting years. First year, the highest plant height was obtained from the treatment with Broad bed followed by closed ended tied ridge. On other hand, the lowest plant height was recorded from the treatments with soil bund followed by control (no conservation structure). This is because of no more top fertile soil disturbance during first year. During the second and third planting year, the highest, plant height (132.86cm) and the longest panicle diameter (6.5) was recorded, from the treatments with open ended tied ridge, followed by soil bund and contour furrow respectively. That was because of soil and water conservation (swc) structures design and extra moisture harvested in those structure than rest treatments. During the first year of the experiment, the highest grain yield was obtained from the mulch followed by open ended tied ridge treatments. This is because of no and slight top soil disturbance during the construction stage. But, the third year, the maximum grain yield was recorded from contour furrow followed by open ended tied ridge (2130.9 and 2000kg ha-1) respectively. The lowest yield was obtained from no conservation measures followed by mulching (1125 and 1232.1 kg ha-1). The most probable reason for this variation can be due to the amount of the moisture harvested in the root zone of sorghum because of conservation structure. So contour furrow and open ended tied ridges are suitable swc measures for the area.
The shortage of arable land and shortage of livestock feed specially quality feed resources are major constraints in East Hararghe Zone. Thus, a field study was conducted to evaluate an early maturing sorghum varieties and cowpea Lines intercropping for both food and feed production at Fedis Agricultural Research Center, eastern Ethiopia in 2018/19 cropping season. Two cowpea varieties (lines) (9333 and 9334) were intercropped with three varieties of early maturing sorghum (Teshale, Birhan and Melkam) and compared with sole cropping of all the varieties, which were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The analyzed result showed the NDF content was significantly different (p < 0.05) among intercropped and sole sorghum the maximum NDF was recorded from sole sorghum Teshale (69.56%) and the minimum sorghum Birhan + cowpea (9333) (57.75%) and the Intercropping sorghum improved the CP of sorghum stover mean from sole (5.31%) to intercropped (6.03%). the. Cropping systems and cowpea lines were significantly affected (p < 0.05) the content of CP and NDF. The maximum CP obtained from cowpea (9334) + sorghum Teshale 29.19%), and the minimum CP obtained from sole cowpea (9333) (24.38%). Generally, the results of this study showed that intercropping of sorghum-cowpea were increased nutritional quality of cowpea and sorghum stover. Based on the results of this study, it concluded that intercropping sorghum with forage cowpea; preferably sorghum Melkam + cowpea (9333) to be appropriate to increase quality of sorghum stover in the study area.
Durum wheat semolina is the only raw material of choice for high quality pasta products. Still the products have lower nutrient quality (protein, vitamins and minerals), high glycaemic response and high gluten allergenicity effect. In addition to durum wheat low yield capacity, it leads the shortage of supply due to low durum wheat local production in developing countries. The aim of this review to assess the replacement of durum wheat with better nutritional quality and locally available cereals and legumes for producing pasta with good nutritional, sensorial, cooking and textural quality. Development of legume fortified pasta products enhance the nutritional characteristics of processed products in terms of protein, dietary fiber and micro-nutrients. In addition, the inclusion of legume flour, as ingredients in pasta products which have lowering glycaemic indices (GI) and allergenicity compared with semolina pasta. Gluten-free spaghetti (unripe plantain, chickpea and maize flours) were similar diameters, water absorption values and overall sensorial acceptability but higher hardness, cohesiveness and chewiness than the control. It can be concluded that nutritional value of pasta can be improved by optimum level of legume and cereals incorporation without any significant effect on cooking, textural and sensorial quality. Keywords : Durum wheat, Milling, Legume, Pasta product, Quality DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/107-04 Publication date: April 30 th 2021
Across-sectional study was conducted from October 30/2017-July 30/2019 to determine antibiotic residues in raw bulk milk in Tiyo and Digelu-Tijo milk shades. Qualitative analysis by using Delvotest SP was conducted to screen antibiotic residues. A total of 125 milk samples were collected for antibiotic screening test. From 125 milk samples screened 12% 15/125 were positive for antibiotic residues. The prevalence was associated with presence of mastitis, history of use of antibiotics for the treatment of disease in their farms and herd size. The higher prevalence of residues was found in the dairy farms with higher prevalence of mastitis that uses antibiotics commonly for the treatment of mastitis and other disease. The residue occurrence was also higher in dairy farm owners who use antibiotics by themselves for the treatment and prevention of dairy cattle disease than consulting to veterinary for the treatment of the infected animals. The prevalence were statistically significant at (p<0.05). Attention has to be paid to the presence of drug residues in milk by producers, processors and consumers to be aware about the health impact of consumption of antibiotic residue with milk. Finally the use of effective enforcement of milk quality and safety standards is essential to provide the public with safe and wholesome animal product particularly milk and milk products.
Lima bean is a nutritious food legume. In addition to nutritional value of food product, its keeping quality and functional properties during storage are also important in determining the quality of the food for consumption. The study aimed at evaluating the microbial and functional properties of lima bean flour during storage. Lima bean was processed into flour, packaged in low density polyethylene bag and stored at ambient (28 ± 2 o C) temperature for twenty-four weeks. The stored samples were evaluated for microbial (Total viable count and mold count) and functional properties (Bulk density, water and oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, emulsion capacity and dispersibility). Total viable count (TVC) increased from 1.60 log cfu/g at week 0 to 4.25 log cfu/g at week 24 of storage. There was no mold growth till week 12 of storage. Mold count increased from 1.77 log cfu/g in week 12 to 3.77 log cfu/g in week 24. Both TVC and mold counts in the lima flour were far lower than the recommended limit of 10 6 cfu/g for TVC and 10 3 cfu/g for mold count respectively by International Microbiological Standards. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the bulk density of the lima bean flour at storage. Water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foam capacity, emulsion capacity and dispersibility decreased slightly with storage time. The study showed that lima bean flour is safe for consumption and can serve as a potential functional food ingredient in food products formulation without much changes in its functional properties over a period of twenty-four weeks. Keywords: Lima bean flour, Functional properties, microbial properties, storage, safety. DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/107-05 Publication date: April 30 th 2021
The study examined food insecurity and its determinants in Southern Ethiopia, Kecha Birra district. This study was designed to assess food insecurity and its determinants Kecha Birra district using cross sectional survey data gathered in 2019/20 from a sample of 99 were conducted. To assess food insecurity and its determinants both descriptive and econometrics analysis were used. The data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean, percentage, pie chart, bar graph, t-test and chi-square were used. Binary logistic regression model was employed to determine factors that influence food insecurity in southern Ethiopia. Results of the study showed that the income of household head, education level of household head, sex of household head, age of household head, access to credit, marital status and household size were found to significantly influence food insecurity. The findings of the study revealed that most of the households were food insecure through the use of HFIAS measurement. These foods in secured households could not cover the required their daily food. The study recommends that any effort in income diversification opportunities in rural area through off farm activities, education, training and extension service and improve livestock productivity could help to enhance household food security in the study area.
