Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are increasingly being prescribed to patients and investigated in the field of medicine and research. This class of medication is unique due to its ability to be engineered into targeting a specific receptor. Numerous studies and reviews have reported the efficacy, potency, and clinical usage of mAbs in the treatment of a variety of diseases ranging from autoimmune disorders to malignant cancers. However, very few publications classify and provide a brief synopsis of mAbs that includes their pharmacological profiles. mechanisms of action, uses, and side effects in a concise manner. Therefore, this review aims to classify the current mAbs drugs used in clinical practice according to system diseases by providing a brief summary for each of them. For example, regarding cardiovascular disorders, mAbs such as Abciximab, Bevacizumab, and Digoxin Immune Fab will be reviewed. Denosumab, used to treat musculoskeletal disorders, will be also discussed. In addition, mAbs such as Adalimumab, Eculizumab, Natalizumab used in autoimmune disorders and Alemtuzumab, Trastuzumab, Cetuximab, and Rituximab that are prescribed for tumors will be reviewed. Finally, we shall discuss two mAbs that are IL-6 antagonists, Tocilizumab and Siltuximab, which are in ongoing clinical trials as potential treatments of COVID-19. The mAbs have profound benefits against chronic and malignant conditions, and the overall purpose of this review is to illustrate the basic pharmacological profiles of mAbs that physicians may find useful in establishing their management protocols.
Aim: The main objective of the present work is formulate and optimizes the combination anti-allergic tablet of Cetirizine and curcumin. Rosemary extract is used to enhance the therapeutic effect in both acute and chronic cases. Material and Method: The Antiallergic tablet is formulate by the wet granulation method using various excipients like HPMC, lactose starch, Polyethylene glycol in different concentrations for optimization of excipients. Rosemary extract contains ursolic acid and rosmarinic acid. Which is shows antiinflammatory and Antiallergic activity so that it is used in the combination of Cetirizine and curcumin. Result and Discussion: FTIR spectra of API and combined with excipients showed no change in the peak indicating the absence of interaction, The prepared formulation evaluated for Precompresion studies such as bulk density, tapped density, carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio and angle of repose. The post-compression studies such as weight variation, disintegration, dissolution, uniformity of drug content, general appearance, friability, and hardness. All the prepared formulation was within the standard pharmacopoeial limits. Prepared formulation shows the Maximum Drug release of cetirizine is 78.90% and curcumin is 87.35% in a 14 minute of dissolution study. Conclusion: After studied we conclude that formulation is compatible with excipients and stable at 40 0 c for 3 months and it shows better drug release profile.
Sorghum bicolor (Poaceae) is the oldest cultivated plant in the world. It grows in dry, sodden or high salinity soil and is a heat-tolerant plant considered to hold the most important rate of phenolic components. The bioactive composites of the stem, the leaf, the grains, the seeds and the glumes for four Sorghum bicolor species such as Framida, Sariaso 19, Sariaso 14 and Gnossiconi were extracted by ethanolic hydrochloric acid maceration and then assayed using spectrophotometric methods. The DPPH and ABTS methods were used to assess the antioxidant properties of these studied species. All organs (stems, leaves, girdles, grains and husks) presented some contents in compounds variable polyphénolics of a variety to the other. The contents in total phenolics were of 14,53 ± 0,25 mg GAE/100 mg of dry matter in the stems of Sariaso 14, of 27,43 ± 0.21mg GAE/100 mg of dry matter in the leaves of Gnossiconi, of 42,72 ± 4,03 mg GAE/100 mg of dry matter in the girdles of Framida, of 17, 17 ± 1,02 mg EAG/100 mg of dry matter in the grains of Sariaso 19 and 14,48 ± 0,26 mg GAE/100 mg of dry matter in the husks of Sariaso 14. For the contents in total flavonoid, the girdles of Framida (8,87 ± 4,03 mg QE/100 mg) would contain some in strong content, followed of the Stems of Framida (6,64 ± 0,38 mg QE/100 mg) and of the leaves of Sariaso 19 (4,54 ± 0,73 mg QE/100 mg). An interesting antioxidant activity was found for the different organs of all the four species using both DPPH and ABTS methods. Indeed, the ABTS method showed the contents of 8.26 ± 0.35 mg EAA / g and 10.57 ± 0.20 mg EAA / g for the stems and leaves of Framida respectively. Around 98.49 % of Framida’s leaves, 89.06 % of Gnossiconi’s stems and its grains presented the best WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES SJIF Impact Factor 7.632 Volume 9, Issue 3, 5-17 Research Article ISSN 2278 – 4357 Article Received on 23 Dec. 2019, Revised on 13 Jan. 2020, Accepted on 03 Feb. 2020 DOI: 10.20959/wjpps20203-15575 *Corresponding Author Dr. Crépin I. Dibala Laboratory of Food Biochemistry, Enzymology,
Continuous change in Gaza strip due to Israeli attack and siege affects directly many sectors especially health sector and exactly the pharmaceutical one. Consequently, good management for General Administration of Pharmacy is required to avoid the decrease in medicines via analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats by using SWOT tool. The descriptive analysis was used by interviews with stakeholders related to General Administration of Pharmacy in Gaza strip. General Administration of Pharmacy faces a deficit in the preparation of field inspectors on pharmaceutical companies. Also the participation rates of the Civil Defence and the Ministry of Labor were reduced in joint inspection and control through committees that contribute to the control of all safety procedures and the prevention of risks. And it is difficult to export pharmaceuticals to the West Bank from Gaza factories because of division and occupation. The authors recommend a presence of clear definition of all stakeholders and responsibilities of the three parties of production (government - workers in for General Administration of Pharmacy - owners of companies, institutions and private pharmaceutical organizations). Also laboratories need to conduct hormone tests to ensure that is good for uses. The pharmaceutical system should be modernized according to international standards and indicators. The authors also recommend developing of computerized administrative system that connects the parties of production, institutions, companies and pharmaceutical warehouses. In addition to that there must be consolidation of decisions related to General Administration of Pharmacy and presence of special national strategy for pharmaceutical sector isolated from ministry of health.
INTRODUCTION The gastric emptying time and the variation in pH in different segments of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are the major challenging task for the development of oral controlled release drug delivery system. Various attempts have been made to enhance the residence time of the dosage form within the stomach. Gastro retentive system can remain in the gastric region for several hours and hence significantly prolong the gastric residence time of the drug in the GIT. Potential drug candidates for gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) are drugs, which are locally active in the stomach eg. Misoprostol, antacids etc., and drugs that have narrow absorption window in GIT eg. L-DOPA, paraamino benzoic acid etc. In addition drugs which are unstable in the intestinal or colonic environment like captopril and metronidazole. It has been suggested that prolonged local availability of antimicrobial agents may augment their effectiveness in treating H. pylori related peptic ulcer. Moreover, it has been reported that bactericidal effect of clarithromycin and garcinol are time and concentration dependent. GRDDS however, are not suitable for drugs that may cause gastric lesions eg. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Also the drug substances that are unstable in the strong acidic environment of the stomach arenot the suitable candidates to be incorporated in such systems. In addition these systems do not offer significant advantage over the conventional dosage forms for drugs, which are absorbed throughout the GIT. However, it is recognized that there are many physiological constraints, which may limit development of such delivery system. WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Floating systems were used to prolong the gastric residence time of drug delivery systems. They remain buoyant in the stomach for prolonged period of time without affecting the gastric emptying rate of other contents. In the present investigation, for the formulation of floating tablets of diltiazem were prepared by wet granulation technique. HPMC K4 M and ethyl cellulose is used as a matrix forming agent. Other excipients like sodium bicarbonate and citric acid as gas generating agents, PVP K 30 as binder, microcrystalline cellulose (Diluent) and Magnesium stearate as a lubricant. The drug and polymers granules are subjected to various preformulation studies such as Angle of repose, Bulk density, Tapped density, Compressibility Index, Hausner ratio. The tablets were compressed using the tablet punching machine. Prepared tablets were subject to various evaluation parameters such as Thickness, Hardness, Weight variation, Friability, Disintegration, Buoyancy study and In-vitro drug release study, Kinetic Parameters as per ICH guidelines. Results of floating properties study reveals that all tablets had good floating properties. This might be due to the presence of gas generating agent i.e., NaHCO3, content. F5 showed a minimum lag time of 1.49 min and maximum floating time o f m o r e t h an 1 2 h r s with maximum % drug release 98.87±0.23.
ABSTRACT To estimate Alogliptin and Pioglitazone simultaneously in tablet dosage forms by RP-HPLC method. 2. To validate the method according to ICH guidelines. Review of the literature for Alogliptin and Pioglitazone regarding their physical and chemical properties, various analytical methods that were conducted for Alogliptin and Pioglitazone forms the basis for development of new analytical RPHPLC method for Alogliptin and Pioglitazone combination. The objective of this experiment was to optimize the assay method for simultaneous estimation of Alogliptin and Pioglitazone based on the literature survey made. So here the trials mentioned describes how the optimization was done. The analytical method was developed by studying different parameters. First of all, maximum absorbance was found to be at 269nm for Alogliptin and 254nm for Pioglitazone Isobestic point will be 265nm and the peaks purity was excellent. Injection volume was selected to be 20μl which gave a good peak area. The column used for study was PhenomenexC18 ODS chosen good peak shape. Ambient temperature was found to be suitable for the nature of drug solution. The flow rate was fixed at 1.0ml/min because of good peak area, satisfactory retention time and good resolution. Different ratios of mobile phase were studied, mobile phase with ratio of 45:55 Buffer: ACN was fixed due to good symmetrical peaks and for good resolution. So this mobile phase was used for the proposed study. WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
In modern medicine, there is good treatment for acute Anaemia. No significant therapy is there for chronic anaemia which occurs due to metabolic defects. Ayurveda can provide better management of this area. Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common type of anemia throughout the world. Mandagni is the cause for Pandu Roga. So, in Group A Dhatri Lauha was selected, which diminishes Mandagni and also it is having Amapachana property that breaks the pathogenesis of Pandu Roga. Hence it promotes Dhatvagni and as a result Dhatupushti process is motivated. In Group B Darvyadi lauha was selected. Majority of drugs in, Darvyadi lauha have Deepana Paachana property. So they normalize the Jatharagni, Dhathavagni and Dhatu Nirmana process gets toned up which results ultimately to Dhatu Pushti. Method: 33 patients were selected between the age group of 16 to 60 years of either sex participated in the study. Study was a randomized, controlled, open label clinical study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group A received Dhatri Lauha Vati 250 mg before meals for 8 weeks with Ghrita and Madhu unequal quantity. Group B received Darvyadi Lauha Vati with same dose and duration. Assessments were done after 8 weeks in both groups. Result: In Group A 80% had moderate improvement, 20% had mild improvement and in Group B 83.34% had mild WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES S SJIF Impact Factor 6.647 Volume 6, Issue 5, 371-380 Review Article ISSN 2278 – 4357 *Corresponding Author Dr. Shrija Mavani MD Scholar, Dept. of Panchkarma, IPGT and RA, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. Article Received on 20 March 2017, Revised on 10 April 2017, Accepted on 01 May 2017 DOI: 10.20959/wjpps20175-9094
Many Drugs have been used as controlling measures for chronic respiratory diseases recently in the poultry farms. Drugs are not accepted due to the high cost, residual effects on human and not covering all pathogenic species. One of the ways that has been very much accepted nowadays is to use natural compounds and their active ingredients to treat the chronic respiratory diseases. In this research, we investigated the effect of tylosin and Respofeed (unique combination of essential oils and natural active ingredients). Samples were collected 21st, 27th and 35th day after the treatments and four various growth parameters (clinical scores, Air sac lesions, mortality and body weight) were assessed. All growth parameters were best with the group 4 which was treated with Respofeed. The present study was akin to the findings of [20, 21, 22, 23], who reported that volatile oils helps to treat CRD, improve body weight gain and reduces lesion scores.
Shock is a state of circulatory impairment characterized by defective tissue perfusion resulting in abnormal cellular function and metabolism & inadequate tissue perfusion to meet tissue demands. [1] Parturition is a natural process. In majority of the cases it happens without any complications. In obstetrics the standard rule is non interference unless called for. Interfering with a normal labor unnecessarily is a starting point for many problems. However a normal labor can turn into abnormality at any point of time suddenly with no warning. Prompt recognition and management can improve maternal and fetal outcome in obstetric shock.
SYNOPSIS Introduction: Panchabhautik chikitsa is a branch of Ayurveda which bases the analysis and treatment based upon the principle of Panchamahabhoota. The equilibrium of these five elements in the body denotes health while imbalance or disturbance denotes disease. Madhumeha known as silent killer-Maharoga is the leading cause of morbidity, mortality across the globe, hence Management of Madhumeha is essential. Hypothesis: Madhumeha can be managed through Panchabhautik chikitsa. Aims and Objectives: To interpret the basic concept of Panchamahabhoota Siddhanta to its full perspective. To understand this concept and utilize it thoroughly in the management of Madhumeha diseases in clinical practice. Materials and Methodology: Thorough review of literature on Pachabhoutik chikitsa of madhumeha done. Observation: Panchabhautik chikitsa – Sukshma shodhan, Nidan parivarjan, Madhumeha 2 types 1.Santarpanottha–Bahu drava shleshma kaphajprithvi & aap – Laxminarayan rasa, 2.Apatarpanottha-stress induced Vatajteja, vayu & akashVasant kusumakar rasa, Amla – kshar balance – Haridra, Amalaki & Maka, kurdu, Apamarga, Raktadoshahar –Sariwa & Manjishtha, Yakrutottejak – phaltrikadi, Vrukka basti kledahar Shwadanshtradic, Raktapachak – Patoladi, Malashodhini – Arogyavardhini, MutragamiChandraprabha, Shilajit. Result: Panchabhoutik chikitsa plays an important role in management of Madhumeha. Conclusion: In Santarpanottha Madhumeha jala & prithvi mahabhoota gets vitiated so to normalize the Parthiva dravyas the teja, vayu & akasha mahabhoota dominated dravyas are used for chikitsa while in apatarpanottha Madhumeha its vice versa.
Obesity is a major public health concern that contributes to some of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, stroke and various types of cancer. In recent decades, obesity has reached epidemic proportions in populations whose environment promotes physical inactivity and increased consumption of high-calorie food. The incidence of obesity has been considerably increasing at a rapid rate even in Indian population. This study aims to collect the data from diagnosed patients of Obesity (Medoroga) regarding socio-economic, demographic, lifestyle factors and Ayurvedic clinical parameters. Body Mass Index (BMI) was also calculated using standard procedure. This study was conducted on 73 obese patients. Age, occupation, Sharirika Prakriti (biological constitution), dietary and lifestyle factors appear to play key role in the development of obesity as supported by observations of this study. Suitable dietary and lifestyle modification strategies and intervention programs are the need of hour to prevent and control increasing incidence of obesity.
Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are the primary complete dendrimer family to be orchestrated, described and marketed. Dendrimers are hyper branched, monodispersed macromolecules with multivalent useful end bunches. Dendrimers have been investigated as nanocarrier for many drugs like anticancer, antiviral, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, anti-tubercular drugs. In spite of the fact that a number of various sorts of dendrimers containing distinctive center atoms, fanning monomers and surface practical gatherings, so they have been planned till date for medication conveyance applications, yet PAMAM dendrimers have been the most investigated dendrimers in such manner. In this review, we have focuses on relative information on PAMAM dendrimers especially significant to their properties, synthesis, lethality, biomedical applications and drug delivery characteristics.
The current study dealt with re-description of parasitical tape worm Postgangesia hemispherous in European catfish Silurus glanis using the light and scanning electronic microscope. Scanning electronic microscope examination showed that the scolex of the tapeworm carries rostellum and suckers. The rostellum contains one ring of hooks. Because discovery of this feature (hooks ring), the current description is considered a new species of the genus tapeworm Postgangesia, and the former description "Postgangesia hemispherous" was considered an incomplete description (inqurinda species), so a new name for this species is devised to be "Postgangesia armata n. sp.". The examination also showed clear pores in the middle of the rostellum. The suckers contained muscles inside and filiform triches at their outer edges, as well as the presence of tegumental folds between suckers and also at the bottom of them, and existence of spiniform triches covered scolex's tegument.
