This study presents the Estimates of Factors Influencing Decision to Participate in Cocoyam Marketing in Abia State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of this study are to estimate factors influencing the decision to participate in cocoyam marketing in Abia State. Primary and secondary data were used in the survey. The primary data were collected from a random sample of 200 cocoyam marketers in Abia State. The respondents were drawn from rural and urban markets in the agricultural zones of the state. The data were analyzed using probit model. The result shows that values of cocoyam and farm size are positively associated with the probability to sell cocoyam. This probably means that households with large farm sizes tended to produce marketable surpluses and participated in the market as sellers. Moreover, it is possible when the value of the crop was high(1.0%,significant). The coefficients on education and price of cocoyam have positive signs. The result shows that education acquired by the marketers’ play a significant role in enhancing members’ participation as cocoyam sellers. From the finding, large farm sizes produced marketable surplus and it encouraged sellers participation in the market. Since land is a critical production asset that has a direct bearing on the production of a marketable surplus. The study therefore recommends that farm land should be made available to enhance production and marketable surplus. There is need to encourage farmers to farm to the nearest town since it enhance the probability of the households to participate as sellers in the cocoyam market. Keywords: Participation, Cocoyam, Marketing, Abia State
The study evaluates the effects of the European Union Micro Project Programme (MPP6) on the poverty status of food crop farmers in Imo State. Primary data were collected with structured and validated questionnaire from one hundred and ninety eight farmers comprising of farmers in the beneficiary and non-beneficiary communities. The analytical tools used for the study include; descriptive statistics and the Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) model. The FGT poverty measure showed that the poverty headcount for households in the beneficiary and non-beneficiary was 52 and 60 respectively; indicating that incidence of poverty was higher among households in the non benefitting communities than households in the benefitting communities. Thus the European Union should establish more infrastructural facilities particularly in the non-benefitting communities as this will bring about the development of the rural communities. Keywords: Micro project programme, Poverty and Small scale farmers
The paper investigates effect of mulching on growth of ginger in ishiagu, ebonyi state, Nigeria. The experiment was carried out at the experimental farm of Federal College of Agriculture, Ishiagu, Ivo LGA of Ebonyi State, Nigeria, during the 2009 and 2010 cropping seasons, using ginger as test crop. In 2009, there was less than 40% sprouting of ginger at 4 WAP but all the mulched plots were significantly higher than the control. In 2010, there was also significant difference (P rice husk> saw dust > black polythene > control. There was increase in plant height from 4-12 WAP in 2009 and 2010. The organic mulches available were suitable for ginger production in the study area and the test crop UG1 is well adaptable to Ishiagu Environment. It is therefore concluded that mulching is imperative for ginger production and variety UG1 could be used to maximize production at Ishiagu environment. Dry grass and rice husk mulches should be used in Ishiagu environment. Keywords: mulch, growth, ginger, rice husks
A twenty two weeks prelimnary study was carried out to assess the Status of the Upper Reaches of the Sombreiro River, one of the most important rivers in River state. A field survey was carried out in three sampling points in the Abua/Odual Local Govt. Area where fish samples were collected from the fishers and the Composition and Abundance assessed over the period using standard methods. Generally, the fish composition comprised of thirty seven (37) species in twenty (20) families from forty two thousand one hundred and twenty seven (42,127) individuals. However, through there was a weekly variation in composition following the seasons of the study from the dry season (weeks 1 – 14, Jan. to April) to the wet season (weeks 15 – 22, May to June). Some species were in the catch mainly in the rainy season ( H. fasciatus ) while others in the dry season ( G. decadactylus , I. africana , L. dentatus ) and some available through the period ( O. mossambicus , T. zilli , and other Cichlid. The weekly composition showed a seasonal variation with two peaks in the wet season but a higher peak in composition in the late wet season. The relative abundance showed that S. maderensis had the highest percentage (57.17%) abundance followed by T. zilli with 5.83% , L. grandisquamis and L. falcipinnis with 3.25% and 3.57% respectively. The least abundant in descending order were, H. niloticus , and T. senegalensis (0.07% each), P. senegalensis (0.03%) and E. senegalensis (0.01%). Also, the weekly abundance of fish species revealed a seasonal variation in the abundance. Week 16 with 8.92% had the highest relative abundance but there was another peak at week 2. Week 7 (0.17%) had the least. These findings of greater composition and abundance in the dry season than the wet season were consistent with other works in the Niger Delta Area (Chindah (1994), Chindah and Osuamkpe (1997), Allison et al (1997), Ogamba (1998), Sikoki et al (1999), Nweke (2000), Ezekiel et al.(2002), Davis (2009), Onwuteaka (2015), Ibim and Owhonda(2017), Ibim and Bongilli (In press) . They reported salinity in the river and the presence/absence of food organisms were the main reasons. However, fishing pressure may be a major issue affecting the high number of rare fish species as they are well appreciated and attract good prices in the local markets. Inter/intra specific competition is another factor. This study therefore serves as baseline for a greater Research Survey and Bio-Monitoring for further assessment of the Fish and Fisheries, including the Ecosystem for documentation and proper management/conservation of the fish and fisheriess in the Upper Reaches of the Sombreiro River in Rivers state.
Study was conducted to investigate growth and biological efficiency of oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus floridanus ) cultivated on different proportions of sawdust substrate supplemented with wheat bran. The experiment was a complete randomized design with three treatments (A- 500g , B-1000g and C-1500g) 10 replicates each. The yield and biological efficiency of the 500g substrate was highest (with 265.5g) and B.E of (26.5%). Result of this study revealed no significant different (P>0.05) between yield and B.E of treatments 1000g and 1500g. Biological efficiency decreased with an increase in substrate quantity. Maximum moisture content (86.4%) was recorded in treatment 1500g followed by 85.8% for treatment 500g and 85.5% for 1000g. Number of fruit bodies recorded was 233, 201 and 91 for treatments 1500g, 1000g and 500g respectively. Means of pileus diameter and stipe length obtained were higher for mushrooms grown in 1500g substrate while lower values were obtained from those grown in the 500g substrate. Yield, B.E, moisture content, number of fruit, pileus diameter, stipe length of the mushrooms grown in different proportion of sawdust substrate were dependent on the quantities of the substrate. The use of less quantities of sawdust substrate in mushroom production is encouraged. Keywords: Pleurotus floridanus , yield, Biological Efficiency, Mushroom Production
This study assessed factors influencing cocoyam production in southeast Nigeria. The data for the study were collected from 288 farmers. An interview schedule with a well structured questionnaire was used for the study. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentages and mean. Ordinary least square regression analysis was used for the analysis of factors influencing cocoyam production. The result of the multiple regression analysis of the factors influencing cocoyam production shows an R 2 value of 0.822 which indicates that 82.2% of the total observed variations in the dependent variable were accounted for. F–statistics was significant at1% indicating the fitness of the model used. The result also revealed that seven variables were statistically significant and conforms to the researcher’s a prior expectation. The major production related factors influencing cocoyam production output were land, access to credit, farm size, farming experience, fertilizer and planting materials. Result of the three point likert scale on the constraints militating against cocoyam production showed inadequate fund with the mean of (X =2.71) and high mortality rate of cocoyam (X=2.68) as the major constraints to cocoyam farming. It was recommended that Agricultural credit should be made available and accessible to cocoyam farmers for increased farm size and for increased cocoyam production. Keywords: cocoyam production, tuber crops
The study on the Determinants of savings among small scale farmers was conducted in Owerri West Local Government Area of Imo State. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select 110 small scale farmers. Data were analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics and the multiple linear regression analysis. The study showed that the mean age of farmers in the study area was 47.7years and that majority (78%) of the farmers were married with mean household size of 6 persons. Majority (45.4%) of the farmers had attained primary education and had mean farm sizes of 1.57 hectares. The result of the multiple regression analysis showed that farm size and income had a significant positive influence on the farmers volume of savings while, household size and distance to financial institutions had a significant negative influence on the farmers volume of savings. The main constraints to the small scale farmer’s inability to save are inadequate income, lack of access to credit facilities and delays and congestion in bank halls. The study recommended that Government, stakeholders and policy makers should provide incentives in the form of short and medium term loans to enhance the productivity and income levels of the small scale food crop farmers. Keywords: Savings, Small scale farmers and Income
The study examined the influence of information source on farmers’ knowledge of poultry drugs in Delta State, Nigeria: Implication for rural community development. The study objectives were to ascertain the institutional characteristics of respondents, their access to information sources, awareness/knowledge of poultry drugs, and to ascertain if there is significant relationship between institutional characteristics of poultry farmers and their access to source of information on poultry drugs in the study area. A 3-stage sampling procedure was used to select respondents. The primary data used in this study were obtained from field surveyed through the use of structured questionnaire administered to 100 respondents. Data were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, means and standard deviation and Chi-square. Higher number (67%) of the respondents have never been leader of groups, 62% of them had contact with extension agents and are members of associations respectively. Result showed that respondents have less access to information on poultry drugs usage as respondents have access only to neighbour (M=2.58) source out of the 18 sources of poultry drugs information identified in the study. Respondents are aware and have access to the use of avian charge (60%), happy hen treat (48.8%), petamine (45.0%), and tricero (32.5%) than other poultry farmers. Chi-Square results showed that all the information sources identified except campaign (0.762), exhibition (0.528), and workshop/seminar (2.607) at 1% level were significant. The study recommends that poultry drugs usage should be encouraged among farmers. Keywords: Information source, knowledge, poultry drugs, Delta State, community development
This study was designed to investigate the adoption of improved yam production technologies by farmers in Imo State during the 2012 /2013 cropping season. 60 Yam farmers were selected from the three agricultural zones in the state using multi-stage random sampling technique. The mean age of yam farmers was 55.6 years, mean number of members of the family available for yam production was 5.4 , their mean farm size was 2.53hectares, mean farm size devoted to improved yam production was 1.08 hectares, mean farming experience was 32.2 years, while mean income per annum was ₦ 121,217.00. The rate of adoption of the improved yam production technologies in the state was 42.1%. The results of the linear multiple regression analysis showed that educational level was negatively and significantly associated with adoption. The farm size was positively and significantly associated with adoption. There was no clear cut relationship that existed between adoption and age of farmers, gender, farming experience, family labour, and frequency of extension visits. The R 2 was 0.742 indicating that the independent variables in the model can explain about 74.2% of the variability in adoption of improved yam production technologies in the study area. The F-ratio was 16.00 and significant at 1% level which implies goodness of fit of the regression line. Formal education should be encouraged among yam farmers to enhance adoption of improved technologies and also yam farmers should increase their farm size as this will improve their productivity and income. Keywords: Socio-economic, Adoption, Improved, Production technologies, Imo State
The study examined the determinants of adaptation to climate change among small-scale yam farmers in the federal capital territory Abuja, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 100 yam farmers for the study. Focus Group Discussion and structured Questionnaire was used to elicit information on determinants of adaptation to climate change from the respondents. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The respondents were within the mean age of 45 years and majority (86%) of the farmers were male. Farmers major sources of information on climate change were radio and television with means of (2.6) and (2.6) respectively. Identified adaptation strategies used by farmers to mitigate the effect of climate change included planting beside the river(86%), planting disease and pest resistant crop (73%) and changes on planting and harvesting dates(63%). Results of Tobit regression analysis showed that level of education, farm size and access to credit were positive and significantly influenced adaptation to climate change at 5%, 5% and 1% level of significance respectively, while age was negative and significantly influenced adaptation to climate change at 10% level of significance. The study recommended increasing formal and informal institutional support such as farm advisory services and extension education to promote the use of adaptation options and indigenous knowledge systems to reduce the negative effects of climate change. Keywords: Climate change, Adaptation, Yam farmers
The study examined rural farmers’ perception on the use of Agricultural Mechanization in agricultural production in Rivers State. The study employed a descriptive survey design to seek the opinions of the respondents. The population of the study consists of all rural farmers in the 23 local government areas in Rivers State. 102 rural farmers were randomly selected from 6 local government areas, giving the total sample size as 612 respondents. The data gathered was analyzed using mean and standard deviation with acceptance mean value of ≥3.00. The study revealed that agricultural mechanization can be used to carry out different farm operation in the farming process. It also revealed that there are lots of benefits in the use of agricultural mechanization in farming, this include; increase in productivity, reduction in time of operation, increase in income generation opportunities, increase in stable development of food system among others. The study also revealed that Scarcity of machinery, Shortage of spare parts, Illiteracy of the farmers, Fragmentation, Lack of capital are some challenges bedeviling the use of agricultural mechanization in the rural areas. However, the study recommended that government should make Agricultural Mechanization available and accessible to farmers as to boost and motivate farmers in using them to maximize production; large area of land should be made available to willing farmers who want to go into large scale production. Keywords: Agricultural Mechanization, rural farmers, agricultural production
This study examined profitability of sweet potato production in Odeda Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. The study was based on primary data collected from 82 sweet potato farmers through multistage sampling technique; analysed using descriptive statistics and budgetary techniques. The result revealed that about 90% of the farmers were male with a mean age of 35 years and 22 years of sweet potato farming experience; 87.8% were married and 65% had a household size of 8 persons. About 82% had no formal education, 96% sourced sweet potato vine from previous harvest, 96% acquired land through leasehold while only 13.4% does not belonged to any farmers’ cooperative society. Furthermore, 96.3% and 98.8% of the farmers used less than 100kg inorganic and organic fertilizer respectively while 96.3% and 73.1% of the farmers used less than 2litres insecticide and herbicide respectively. Major production constraints were insufficient land (66%), insufficient labour (51%), pest and diseases (82%) as well as mechanization (98%). Budgetary analysis revealed that, on the average, sampled respondents incurred NG ₦ 41,374.59 on total cost items, earned a revenue of NG ₦ 131,645 and profit of NG ₦ 90,270.41 per production season. Sweet potato production had a rate of return on investment of 2.88. Thus, sweet potato production was found to be a profitable enterprise considering the profit realized by farmers in the study area. The study recommended that constraints identified be tackled to enhance greater output. Policies should be implemented by government to provide assistance to farmers in order to expand and access adequate farm resources. Keywords: potato, producers, profitability, resources, constraints
The study evaluated flora diversity and abundance in Awba Dam Tourism Centre, Ibadan, Nigeria. Complete enumeration of trees (>10cm diameter at breast height (dbh)), saplings, and small trees growing within 50m radius of the Awba dam was carried out. The percentage canopy cover of tree species (to the nearest 5%) was estimated by observing through the small lens of a pair of binoculars. The percentage ground cover was determined by ocular estimation (to the nearest 5%). Number of lianas or woody climbers were counted manually while grass height ( 1 m tall) was measured using polythene measuring tape. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. Total of one hundred and ninety four (194) trees were enumerated with 24 species distributed among 22 genera in 16 families. Gmelina arborea had the highest frequency representing (7.2%) while Chrysophyllum albidum had the lowest of (2.1%) respectively. Trees, shrubs and herbs in RA were 14.0±0.15, 26.2±0.34 and 49.9±0.22, FA: 122.0±0.20, 9.2±0.12 and 13.8±0.46, CA: 30.0±0.18, 37.2±0.70 and 31.0±0.31 and BA: 28.0±0.16, 12.4±0.29 and 18.0±0.81, respectively. Hydro-flora were; Commelina gambia (7.6%), Marsilea quadrioflia (21.2%), Cyprus spp (7.8%), Pistia stratiole (37.0%), Nymphoea lotus (9.0%), Salvinia spp (15.0%), Ceratophyllum spp (12.3%), and Utricularia spp (4.8%). Dominant climbers and lianas were Combretum spp (2.2) and Dioscorea spp (0.8), while under-storey of small shrubs such as Chassalia kolly , Mallotus oppositifolius and Sphenocentrum jollyanum were 1.6, 1.9, and 2.3, respectively. The site is rich in flora diversity; a potential for ecotourism development. Much of the reservoir area were overgrown with invasive hydro-flora species suggesting need for effective management and conservation of the flora resources as well as the touristic capacity of Awba dam tourism centre. Keywords: Awba dam tourism centre, Ecotourism, invasive hydro-flora species
The study was conducted among cassava crops research scientists in Abia State Nigeria in order to evaluate their participation and performance in cassava research. The study described the socio economic characteristics of the researchers ascertain their level of participation in different research activities, identify their achievements in cassava technology development and the constraints militating against cassava research in the area. Data for the study were collected by the means of structured questionnaire from sixty two scientists at the National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike. Data collected were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution tables, percentages, means and inferential statistics. The result of the study showed that 64.25% of respondents were young scientists between the age of 31-40 years and 90.32% of them have their M.sc and PhD in Agriculture, 87.09% and 80.65% of respondents were involved in problem identification and research planning activities. Mean x of 2.74, 2.68 and 2.58 showed high participation of respondents in cassava research activities. The study also showed the researchers agreement to the various technologies developed on cassava by researchers. Mean of 2.0 and above showed an agreement. Hundred(100) percent of the researchers indicated fund as the major constraint to cassava research in the study, followed by lack of motivation by government (96.77%), high cost of research (93.54%) and weed control problem (90.32%). It was recommended that researchers should increase their participation in research activities. Fund and motivational aids should be made available to researchers for a reliable research outcome. Keywords: Participatory, Performance, Root/tuber Crops, Scientists, and Cassava
The study assessed the extent of use of the orthodox and traditional treatment preventive measures against malaria among rural dwellers in Abia State. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaire from 180 respondents via multi- stage procedure. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics analysis. About 78% and 95.6% of the respondents were married and literates respectively. A mean age of 46 years, a mean monthly income of about ₦24,227.78 and a mean household size of about 5 persons respectively were recorded by the respondents. The result further revealed that the respondents employed different types of malaria treatment practices (100% of the respondents employed orthodox practices and 11.78% employed traditional practices).The extent of adoption of malaria preventive measures was low ( X= 2.2) and only about 45.4% of the respondents had a good knowledge level in the use of orthodox malaria treatment practices . The result equally revealed low (X= 1.78) attitudinal level by the respondents towards the use of orthodox malaria treatment practices. It equally, revealed a low (X= 1.98) practice level and gave the Relative Credibility Index (RCI) of the respondents over the use of traditional methods of controlling malaria as (RCI = 2.9). The study concludes that the respondents in the study area had a low Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) level over the use of orthodox malaria treatment practices. Therefore, the study recommends more awareness campaign by the health workers mostly in the rural areas in order to increase the KAP level of the rural dwellers in the use of orthodox malaria treatment practices as this will enormously reduce the devastating effects of malaria sickness in Nigeria and mostly in the study area, Keywords: Malaria Treatments, Orthodox, Traditional and Abia State
The study which was conducted in Bayelsa State, Nigeria, examined the socio-economic characteristics of catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ) production in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select three (3) Local Government Areas (Yenagoa, Ogbia and Kolokuma-Opokuma) purposively based on their predominance in commercial catfish farming and randomly five (5) communities each from the three (3) LGAs. Furthermore eight (8) catfish farmers in each community were randomly selected making a total number of one hundred and twenty (120) catfish farmers and analyzed using descriptive statistics and budgetary technique. The costs and returns analysis indicated that the Total Fixed Cost was ₦881,500.00 while Total Variable Cost was ₦3,956,025.01 with Net Farm Income of ₦3,113,183.32 during production period of six months. Return on investment was ₦0.64 which implies profitability of catfish production in the study area. The study also identified high cost of feed (18.6%), inadequate finance (13.2%), inadequate seed supply (11.1%), lack of land (10.5%), lack of organized market (9.5%), high cost of transportation (8.9%), lack of modern technologies (7.4%), high cost of labour (7.4%), inadequate water supply (6.3%), high spread of pest and disease (5.3%) and inadequate storage facilities (3.3%) were the major problems faced by catfish farmers. It is therefore suggested that there is a need of government support in terms of revitalization and prioritizing funding of extension delivery system of the state owned Agricultural Development Programmes (ADPs). This will help to mobilize and motivate the extension agents to reach the target farmers with relevant information on improved farm management practices. Keywords: Socio-economic, Returns, Production, Catfish, Bayelsa State
The effect of variability of climate parameters on grain yield and the proportion of change in production that is due to impact of climate variability demands urgent attention. This study looks at the consequences of climate variability on grain yield in Nigeria within 1970-2012.The result revealed that the yield of rice was negatively affected by rainfall (p=0.1) and (p=0.05) for fertilizer quantity. Maize yield was observed to be influenced negatively by area harvested (p=0.1). Based on these findings, the use of improved high yielding varieties, availability of more input supplies, introduction of improved farming techniques and cultural practices are necessary to increase the yield of these grains. Keywords: climate variability, yield and grain, cultural practices
To address the problem of potato production in Nigeria, the Potato Research Programme of National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike was established in Kuru, Jos in 1976. Data was collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire from 182 respondents involved in the the study. The aims of this study were to test production system effect in potato production and varietal effect on potato production. The potato production systems were Furrow/Flood Irrigation and Manual Watering and the varieties were Nicola, Lady Christy and Empi (Local Variety). Chow’s F-test was carried out to test for the stability of the production functions estimated. The calculated Chow’s F-statistic were 8.529, 9.783 and 14.690 and they were all statistically significant at 1 percent. This implied that there was a structural shift in the production function of potato in Jos Plateau. So it can be safely stated that the introduction of new potato varieties (Nicola and Lady Christy) caused an upward shift in the Empi (Local variety) production function. Similarly, the Chow’s F-test for the potato varieties in the two production systems were statistically significant at 1 percent. This confirmed that there were significant differences between the varieties (Nicola, Lady Christy and Empi) under the Furrow/Flood Irrigation and Manual watering production systems. New potato varieties that are high yielding and disease resistant should be introduced to enhance farmers’ productivity and income. Potato farmers’ should be encouraged to use both furrow/ flood irrigation and manual watering production systems for increased potato production in the study area. Keywords: Production system, Varietal effects, Potato production
The study examined indigenous poultry production among rural households in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria. The objectives were to: describe the socio-economic characteristics of indigenous poultry farmers; determine the benefits of indigenous poultry production; determine the status of indigenous poultry production and identify factors affecting production of indigenous poultry in the study area. Data were collected with structured questionnaire from 108 randomly selected poultry farmers out of which 81 questionnaires were found useful. Data were analyzed with the use of frequency, percentage, mean scores and chi-square tests. Findings show that benefits derived by respondents from indigenous poultry production were: cost intensive ( x = 3.81), less cost feed ( x = 3.49), hardly sick ( x = 3.32), no disease problem ( x =141.5), no drugs needed ( x =3.37) and no vet needed ( x =3.76). The result of chi-square tests showed that, status vs. purpose of keeping poultry (0.66) and status vs. how much made (0.66) were significant at X 2 cal > X 2 t ab . Factors affecting indigenous poultry production were: stealing ( x =3.54), lack of capital ( x =3.69), lack of information on price ( x =3.24), poor housing system ( x =3.51), poor management system ( x =3.51), lack of proper marketing structure for local birds ( x =3.061), predators ( x =3.86), price fluctuation ( x =3.45) and poor breeding stock ( x =3.37). The study recommends that since it has been confirmed that women dominate the production process, women’s access to production inputs and adequate care facilities should be improved. All forms of barriers against women should be discouraged especially when it comes to the area of production. Keywords: Indigenous Poultry Production, Rural Households
The study was on participation in Community Based Natural Resource Management Programme (CBNRMP) and its socio-economic effect on rural families in Ikwerre Area, Rivers State Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was administered to 60 beneficiaries of the programme. Data collected were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings of their income before programme intervention indicated that they earned ₦ 15,100- ₦ 22,600 while a tremendous increase in income was observed after the programme’s intervention where most (70%) of them earned ₦ 102,000.00 and above. The multiple regression coefficient (R 2 ) was 0.9215 which indicated that direct relationship exists between participation and socio-economic characteristics of the respondents. Participation in the Community Based Natural Resource Management Programme had empowered the beneficiaries in problem identification, ways of seeking for solution, project planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of projects and making of decisions in issues that pertain to their welfare and development. CBNRMP programme had impacted greatly on the welfare of participants in areas such as household items, saving/ investments and increase in livestock herds. However, beneficiaries’ were faced with some constraints which include: insufficient capacity building, insufficient storage facilities and inaccessibility to micro credit. The study therefore recommended that more emphasis should be on capacity building of beneficiaries of the programme, adequate provision of production inputs such as access to credit, farm inputs such as seeds and seedlings, fertilizers and reduction in cost of inputs should be taken into cognizance and proper mainstreaming of target beneficiaries of the programme intervention. Keywords: Participation, effect, community resources, families
