Oral mucocele is a common soft-tissue benign lesion in children that is generally reported in the literature with underlying etiology of traumatic event to the oral mucosa. Such lesions have been reported to be managed clinically by different therapeutic modalities ranging from conventional surgery to laser-assisted surgery. The appropriate treatment modalities for mucocele of oral mucosa in pediatric patients are utmost important for having favorable healing outcomes without any postoperative complications and recurrence. Hence, the selection of appropriate therapeutic options is very critical for achieving the desired results of treatment of such lesions. This article illustrates the clinical case series regarding the effective and successful management of extravasation mucoceles at different locations of oral mucosa in three pediatric patients including 5-month-old male infant, 7-year-old boy, and 8.5-year-old boy. The case report has been written as per the CARE case reporting guidelines.
Aim: To assess the oral health status of differently abled children in Avadi Taluk, Tiruvallur District. Materials and Methods: The current study was carried out at the Carmel Special School in Avadi Taluk, Tiruvallur District. The study included 131 participants (68 men and 63 women). The age of the participants ranged from 10 to 18 years. The subjects underwent a clinical oral examination after recording participant's medical and dental histories. Results: The mean Simplified Oral Hygiene Index score for the study population was 3.12 ± 1.12 and the mean DMFS score was 8.9 ± 5.69, and the fluorosis index of the teeth was also measured, showing that 14% of participants had mild fluorosis and <3% of participants had moderate fluorosis. Conclusion: This study provides enough proof to conclude that, differently abled children's oral health was below average and there was an increased unmet requirement for dental care. Children with disabilities face more significant obstacles in maintaining proper oral hygiene and accessing adequate health care, primarily because their limited motor skills and intellectual abilities often prevent them from engaging in essential practices like tooth brushing.
Introduction: Among the traditional herbal medicines and products, very few have been marketed for conventional use in dental care because of limited publication data. Moringa oleifera (MO), an indigenous plant from Indonesia, exhibits antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, rendering it beneficial in the treatment of gingival diseases. Objective: The objective of the study is to assess and compare the effectiveness of 4% MO gel and 1% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of moderate-to-severe gingivitis. Materials and Methods: Thirty individuals, aged between 18 and 55 years, who presented with moderate-to-severe gingivitis, were randomly allocated into two groups: the test group (MO) and the control group (CHX). Following the completion of SRP, the test group received 4% MO gel, while the control group received 1% CHX gel for local application twice daily over a span of 15 days. Clinical parameters including the plaque index, gingival index, and papillary bleeding index were assessed and recorded at baseline, on the 15th day, and on the 30th day. Results: Statistical analysis was done using Student's t-test. On intragroup comparison, statistically significant difference was observed in the parameters while on intergroup comparison, no significant difference was observed both on the 15th and 30th day. Conclusion: MO gel when applied along with SRP in cases of gingivitis, it exhibits effects that are comparable to those of CHX gel, indicating that it may be utilized as an herbal substitute for CHX.
Introduction: Every day, billions of people visit social media platforms such as Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram. It is not surprising that many people have been using social media to share their health experiences or discover more about their medical issues given the popularity of these websites. Family doctors are in a unique position to give precise information on a variety of health-related topics. The study's objective was also to understand how health professionals perceive and use social media to provide better patient care. Methodology: This study was a cross-sectional questionnaire conducted among health-care practitioners of Bhopal city, recruited from government and private hospitals. A pilot study was done for the questionnaire. The study was conducted from March 2022 to April 2022. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS software. Data analysis included Chi-square test was applied to find any significant difference in the variable between the groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 353 responses were received. 53.3% of the participants were specialists (MD/MS), and 46.7% were general practitioners. The majority (55.3%) of health-care professionals used Facebook as their most common social media platform. On social media, 64.3% of doctors follow other doctors. Specialists who posted on social media regarding the cases were 52.1%, whereas only 7.2% of the general physicians posted them which was highly significant. Conclusion: It is our responsibility as health-care professionals to learn how to use social media platforms effectively so that we may communicate with our patients, colleagues, professional organizations, and regulatory authorities in an ethical and professional manner.
Aim: This study aims to review the unexplored area in regenerative prosthodontics using induced pluripotent stem (IPS) cells. Materials and Methods: A computer-based search was done from the year 1981 to 2020, but more specifically for IPS cells from 2006 and, the data were collected from various sources such as the National Center for Biotechnology Information (via PubMed), Medline semantic scholar, BioMed Central, Directory of Open Access Journals, Science Open, and Bielefeld Academic Search Engine using the keywords stem cells in dentistry, IPS cells, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), prosthodontic regeneration using induced pluripotent cells, stem cells from the periodontal ligament, dental pulp, deciduous tooth, and dental follicle. We have also systematically reviewed the method to generate IPS cells and their research in obtaining various organs that is of concern in dentistry and especially prosthodontics. Results: Based on the keywords and cross-referencing, 69 articles were valid and selected for review. The chosen articles are organized according to the subheadings in the order of their publication date. This literature is based on studies conducted on animals, and it does not include the transplantation of IPS cells in humans. In 2006, when Yamanaka and Takahashi discovered IPS cells, there was a spike rise in the study of these cells. The number of clinical trials for IPS cells was around 75%, whereas for ESCs was just 25%. Most of the clinical trials for IPS cells have been done in the USA (37%) whereas India accounts for only 1% of the study. Conclusion: This review article suggests the future of IPS cells in regenerative dentistry and prosthodontics. It gives information on the types of stem cells, why IPS cells have been chosen for the review, the source of IPS cells, the method of induction of IPS cells, and their use in prosthodontics and implantology.
In terms of clinical performance, the conventional methods for diagnosing periodontitis fall short of ideal. By adding optical techniques to ocular inspection and periodontal probing, these procedures can be made better. The minor changes in periodontal tissues that cannot be visually inspected can be identified and measured constantly over a period of time with the help of optical diagnostic techniques. The removal of subgingival microbial biofilms and dental calculus deposits during debridement of teeth and dental implants can be made more efficient by using magnifying loupes, operating microscopes, and cutting-edge methods based on how light interacts with bacterial deposits, such as differential reflectometry and light-induced fluorescence. The absence of ionizing radiation from optical devices, which enables frequent usage on the same patient in clinical practice, is one of the greatest reasons in favor of their use as diagnostic adjuncts. The periodontium's soft tissues can be examined using three-dimensional scanning, fluorescence spectroscopy, and optical coherence tomography to see how they relate to natural teeth and dental implants. By limiting the under- and overuse of treatment alternatives, an accurate prognosis-determining system would enable a more targeted deployment of finances, enhancing the appropriateness and quality of dental care. The clinical management of people with periodontal disease may be enhanced by a novel approach to periodontal diagnostics.
Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis is one of the most prevalent pathogens in infected root canals. Even though the role of irrigants in controlling pathogens is well established, there is a chance for drug resistance and cytotoxicity in using chemical irrigants, Therefore newer researches have forced the man to look the herbal way. Aim of the Study: This study aims to evaluate and compare the anti-bacterial effects of nonherbal and herbal root canal irrigants on E. faecalis. Methodology: The study was conducted on 110 permanent extracted human teeth each root canal was inoculated with a culture suspension of E. faecalis and then randomly assigned into groups, (i) Herbal group (QMix™ 2 in 1, Endoseptone, Biopure MTAD) and (ii) Nonherbal group (Morinda citrifolia juice, Triphala juice, Coconut milk), and control group (Sodium hypochlorite and Distilled water). Colony forming units (CFUs) were evaluated and counted at baseline (S0), immediatedly after irrigation (S1) and after 3 days (S2). The Friedman two-way ANOVA was used to compare the obtained mean of log CFU. Results: Both the herbal and nonherbal groups had a significant reduction in the number of CFUs. The greatest anti-microbial effects were observed in nonherbal group against E. faecalis. Conclusion: While the herbal group also demonstrated significant reductions, the nonherbal group experienced the greatest overall anti-microbial effects of the various irrigants. Research into the herbal irrigants is necessary since they have the potential to be effective irrigants.
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the Internet toward dental treatment among the general population. Background: Over the past few years, there has been a significant interest among health practitioners, researchers, and health centers in utilizing social networking sites for health-related purposes. Social media (SM) platforms have also proven to be effective in reaching out to a wider range of individuals, including those who may not have been previously considered interested in oral health. This study aimed in assessing the influence of the Internet toward dental treatment. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey that involved 434 individuals from the general population. A self-structured questionnaire consisting of 20 closed-ended questions was used to gather data. The questions were created through an online Google Form, and it was circulated among the study participants through online mode. With the use of the statistical analysis tool SPSS software version 23.0, the data were systematically collected. Results: In our study, students made up the majority of the study participants (58%), followed by those with independent employment (23%) and those with private employment (18%). The participants were requested to indicate their preferred dental treatment option from the following list. Among the participants, more than 41% said they would go to a dental office, 31% said they would search online to compare their dental symptoms, and 24% said they would try home remedies. Conclusion: The Internet as a web of social networking has become incumbent on health professionals to promote information by the most effective means. Based on the present findings, there is a possibility for dental practices to enhance patient interaction and engagement by adopting a more proactive approach toward SM. This could potentially lead to increased patient involvement.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the remineralization efficacy of fluoridated and nonfluoridated toothpaste on artificially demineralized enamel. Materials and Methods: Buccal surface of eighty extracted human premolars was treated with demineralizing solution for 96 h and they were randomly distributed into four groups. Group 1 was control, Group 2 was brushed with Xyliwhite toothpaste (fluoride free), Group 3 was brushed with Superbee Propolis toothpaste (fluoride free), and Group 4 was brushed with Amflor Pro toothpaste (Fluoridated). Brushing was performed for 2 min twice daily with a powered toothbrush for 7 days. After every brushing, the specimens were cleaned and stored in artificial saliva at room temperature. The enamel surface microhardness was measured with Vickers hardness test postdemineralization and posttreatment and a comparative analysis was made. Results: One-way analysis of variance F-test showed a statistically significant difference in remineralization efficacy among the groups (P < 0.001). Tukey's post hoc test showed that Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4 have higher remineralization efficacy as compared to control (P < 0.001). Maximum remineralization efficacy was seen with Group 4. Conclusion: Fluoridated and nonfluoridated toothpastes have the potential to remineralize the demineralized enamel surface.
This case report represents the esthetic management of child with severe early childhood caries (ECC). Early loss of primary anterior teeth is caused by severe ECC. The child's speech gets affected as it interferes with the pronunciation of consonants which could lead to the development of parafunctional habit. Two case reports are discussed with different approaches for rehabilitation of severely decayed primary anterior teeth. In Case 1, the primary anterior teeth were severely decayed. Teeth were restored with intracanal retainers followed by full coronal coverage restoration. In Case 2, one of the primary anterior tooth was mobile and rest of them were severely decayed. The tooth was extracted and fiber-reinforced bridge was placed. The other teeth were restored with intracanal retainers followed by full coronal coverage restoration. Additive effect of intracanal retainers with full coronal coverage restorations and fiber-reinforced bridge presented esthetic and functional success.
Dental caries is one of the most common oral diseases that affect children as well as adults globally. The prevalence of dental caries among 5-year-old Sri Lankan children remains high, creating the need of regular well-panned preventive programs. The use of fluorides is a one of the milestones in preventing dental caries. The aim of the present opinion review is to summarize the available literature on different fluoride modalities used to prevent dental caries globally and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of those regarding the Sri Lankan context. The authors searched for systematic reviews and meta-analysis on fluorides in the prevention of dental caries where the best evidence is synthesized and summarized in this article with the opinion of the authors.
Background: Root canal treatment (RCT) is a specialized and one of the most demanded procedures in the public oral health-care sector. Multiple-visit endodontic treatment is considered a conventional method for treating the affected teeth; however, the procedure requires a considerable amount of time to complete the treatment. The recent era is showing an escalating preference of the endodontists as well as the patients toward the single-visit RCT over multiple visits due to some advantages such as the low risk of leakages usually caused by the temporary seal. To the best of our knowledge in this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of single-visit RCT over multiple-visit RCT in terms of the rate of flare-ups and postoperative pain in both vital and nonvital teeth. Methods: We performed an electronic search through PubMed, MEDLINE Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus Database, Web of Science, and LILACS Database. A systematic review was performed using the Cochrane handbook and PRISMA statement. The meta-analysis presented in this study was done by applying the random effects model in RevMan 5.4. Results: A total of 106 articles were referred. Out of these, forty articles were selected for analysis in the database, and 22 were excluded because of the absence and irrelevance of required parameters. A total of ten studies were selected for meta-analysis after the complete screening and analysis. The comparison was done between the incidence of postoperative pain among vital and nonvital teeth. The difference in postoperative pain after 24 and 48 h of single-visit RCT among studied groups was found to be nonsignificant with P = 0.49 and 0.20, respectively. Moreover, the majority of studies have shown that there was no difference in the occurrence of pain whether patients were treated through the single visit or multi-visit RCT. Conclusion: Based on the evidence, single-visit RCT appeared to be a safe treatment mode when considered for flare-ups. However, within the limitation of this study, it is also concluded that the incidence of postoperative pain is seen within 24 h of treatment which was found to reduce with the passage of time.
Periodontitis, a condition affecting the teeth's supporting structures, affects people of all ages, ethnicities, races, and genders. There is a well-established link involving microbial infection and the progression of gum diseases and tooth cavities. There are different types of periodontal diseases caused by microbial infection. Aggressive periodontitis can be localized or generalized. Periodontal infection has been successfully treated with antibacterial medicines. The effectiveness of mechanical plaque debridement and regular use of topical and systemic medicines is limited due to a lack of access to infecting organisms into the periodontal tissues. Systemically administered drugs achieve effective concentration at the infected area, but only for a small period, necessitating multiple doses over extensive periods of time. Antimicrobials delivered locally have being studied to see if they can overcome the limits of conventional therapy. Anti-bacterial is delivered using prolonged release formulations. Anti-bacterial is increasingly being delivered at the infection site (periodontal pocket) through sustained release formulations. This review discusses the main drug delivery system used in periodontal disease, their advantages and evaluations. The usage of collagen dental cones after an infected tooth has been extracted is also discussed in this review. Periodontal regeneration, soft-tissue restoration, and wound healing are all aided by dental cones containing antibacterial and biodegradable polymers.
High levels of predictability are present in regards with success of implants. Successful osseointegration in clinical terms relates to significant levels of vital bone at the implant-surgical interface, limited inflammation, and absence of micromotion at the implant-tissue interface. This study assesses the efficacy of silk biomaterial over conventional bone grafts on bone regeneration and osseointegration in and around implants. Systematic and comprehensive assessment of studies with fields of interest as bone grafts and silk biomaterials as a material of choice for osseointegration in and around dental implants from the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Science Direct databases was done. The outcomes demonstrated that silk biomaterial is more efficient than bone grafts for osseointegration and bone regeneration in and around implants as it does not carry the risk of secondary infection. Furthermore, silk biomaterial influences osteoblasts and osteoclast cells for bone regeneration and growth. Bone grafts cannot be utilized for the patients having osteoporosis, due to its infectivity and invasiveness. Using silk biomaterial for osseointegration of implants is simple and cost-effective.
The materials utilized in various domains of prosthodontics have changed overtime. In recent years, patients have been requesting a metal-free, lightweight, and tooth-colored prosthesis. In dentistry, metal and other ceramics are used in a variety of treatment methods. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) can be employed in a variety of ways in prosthodontics. PEEK is being investigated as an alternative to metal and glass ceramics due to their acceptable fracture resistance, shock-absorbing capabilities, and improved stress distribution. Due to its favorable mechanical and chemical properties, PEEK is recognized as a high-performance polymer in engineering and medical applications. In dentistry, a material must have excellent biocompatibility, strong mechanical qualities, be resistant to high temperatures, have a low moisture absorption and elasticity modulus, be flexible, and have a high chemical wear resistance. PEEK material possesses all of these characteristics, making it ideal for use in dentistry. Using PEEK with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing fabrication (CAD/CAM) will allow us to save natural teeth in tough situations. The technique allows the patient to have upgrades that are physiologically and technically superior in processing and improve their appearance. Dental rehabilitation with complete satisfaction is in doubt, mostly because of the imperfect adaptation of the crown. Hence, the restoration of teeth using PEEK with CAD/CAM technology as an alternative to glass or metal ceramics provides an excellent opportunity for better esthetic restoration and patient satisfaction. In this present case presentation, we highlighted two clinical cases showing teeth in the upper left arch and two teeth in the lower right region of the jaw using CAD/CAM-fabricated PEEK post, core, and PEEK crown, which were briefly demonstrated.
Protection from radiation is defined as the practice and science of safeguarding the environment and humans against the hazardous effects of ionizing radiation. Aim and Objective: This study aims to assess and evaluate the attitude, knowledge, and perception of measures against radiation protection of ionizing radiation in 310 dental students in a dental college. Background: A piece of sound knowledge on protection measures from radiation is essential among dental professionals in modern dental practices. The use of imaging modalities has become inadvertent and increased exponentially during recent years in the era of dentistry. Methodology: A 20- E- questionnaire was prepared in google forms after validation from external experts in the field of oral medicine and radiology and were shared to 310 participants comprising of 89 CRRIS, 99 third year BDS graduates, 90 final year BDS graduates, 32 Postgraduates. The responses were recorded, the descriptive statistics were determined in terms of frequencies and percentages. Conclusion: Out of 310 dental undergraduates, 127 participants (40.97%) stated that the film is held in the mouth of the patient with their hand during radiation exposure and stated the lack of sound knowledge on the effects of radiation among dental undergraduates. Increased awareness and sound knowledge regarding protection measures on radiation during dental training is important for providing better radiation protection measures during practice in dentistry. One hundred and forty-nine (48.06%) answered that high-speed film does not reduce radiation exposure. This shows the lack of piece of sound knowledge about the optimization principle of protection from ionizing radiation among dental undergraduates, which states that the higher the speed of X-ray film, the lower the radiation exposure.
To rehabilitate lower arch by placing immediate implants and immediate milled provisionals and provide double bar prosthesis for the long-term survival of implants. Full-mouth rehabilitation by integrating cone-beam computed tomography data three-dimensional printing technology helps in precise placement and predictable outcomes to the longevity of implants. Six immediate implants were placed in the lower arch using digitally guided surgery. Computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacture milled temporary prosthesis was also given within 24 h of the surgery. After allowing for osseointegration, the final prosthesis was made up of materials such as titanium (primary bar), PEEK (secondary bar), and high-impact polymer composite crowns. Splinting all the implants together with such framework designs reduces the loads on implants and addition of two bars produces a dampening effect and helps long-term survival of the same. Strategies used to preserve alveolar bone and soft tissue by immediate implant placement in fresh extraction sockets shorten the treatment span. Immediate loading of implants using temporary prosthesis can be done after attaining adequate primary stability. This case has a follow-up of 6 years. The milled double bars made out of titanium and BioHPP h provide dampening effect and thus long-term survival of the implant.
For uniform distribution of the masticatory stress, a complete denture should have enough hardness on the polished surface and pliability and softness on the intaglio surface of the denture. Conventional dentures have a major flaw in that they are firm on the tissue surface, resulting in an unequal force distribution. In cases of flabby ridges, unemployed ridges with high resorption, a conventional denture might worsen the situation. To address this, a variety of materials and methods are being tested to see if they may offer a cushioning effect to the tissues in contact with the denture. The following report describes a fluid-retained maxillary complete denture, which has a flexible tissue surface that allows the underlying anterior hyperplastic condition to have a uniform stress distribution, which can improve the patient's acceptance.
Background: COVID-19 outbreak has affected dentists the most as they work in close association of the oral and nasal cavity and this has caused stress amongst them. Aim and Objectives: This survey was designed with the aim to assess the causes of stress, and its effects amongst dental professionals working in a day-care hospital before and during COVID-19 outbreak. Materials and Methods: An open online survey was conducted amongst professionals. The questionnaire consisted of three sections with questions pertaining to general information about the dental professional, their working experience before and during COVID-19 outbreak respectively. Results: A total of 104 dental professionals participated in this survey. Salary Payment system remain main reason of stress before and during COVID-19 outbreak (P=0.0054). Conclusion: Work stress is very common amongst dental professionals. Therefore, it is important to acknowledge it's causes so that remedial actions can be taken in order to prevent their burn-out.
Aim: This study aims to find the prevalence of pulp calcifications and their correlations with age, gender, tooth type, dental arches, or their location in patients following orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised 150 patients (15–25 years) who underwent orthodontic treatment. Pre- and posttreatment panoramic radiographs were evaluated to detect pulp calcification. Pearson Chi-square test was used to investigate the associations between pulp calcification and gender, age, tooth type, dental arches, and their location. Results: The statistical analysis showed that pulp calcification increased significantly from 35.30% to 50% (P < 0.05). They were significantly higher in mandibular molars than in maxillary molars. Radicular and coronal calcifications were present concomitantly in maximum cases followed by radicular and coronal pulp calcification occurring independently. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the number of dental pulp calcification increased significantly after orthodontic treatment.
