Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. While often managed using a biomedical model, current evidence supports the biopsychosocial approach. This study examined the attitudes and beliefs of Indian physiotherapists regarding non-specific CLBP (NSCLBP) using the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale for Physiotherapists (PABS-PT) and explored associations between belief orientation and treatment choices. Ninety-six physiotherapists from Bangalore, India, participated in a questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and logistic regression in SPSS v26 (p<0.05). Participants demonstrated moderate biomedical and strong biopsychosocial orientations. Stretching was universally practiced; other treatments varied. Higher biomedical scores predicted bed rest prescription, whereas stronger biopsychosocial orientation predicted use of the McKenzie method and cupping therapy. Findings suggest a blend of traditional and modern beliefs, with some reliance on outdated practices. Educational interventions promoting the biopsychosocial model may improve patient outcomes. KEY WORDS: Attitudes, beliefs, biomedical orientation, biopsychosocial model, low back pain, physiotherapy.
Background: Recreational computer gaming has become a dominant leisure activity among young adults, yet its musculoskeletal and neuromuscular health consequences remain underexplored compared to professional e‑sports. Prolonged static postures, repetitive fine motor actions, and inadequate ergonomic practices may predispose gamers to pain and injuries. Objective: To determine the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of neuromuscular pain and injuries among recreational personal computer (PC) gamers aged 18–30 years. Methods: A cross‑sectional observational study was conducted over six months using an online self‑structured questionnaire. A total of 123 recreational PC gamers were recruited via snowball sampling. Data on demographics, gaming exposure, ergonomic practices, pain characteristics, and functional impact were collected. Descriptive statistics summarized prevalence patterns, while chi‑square tests assessed associations between pain severity and selected variables (p < 0.05). Results: Participants had a mean age of 23.36 ± 2.91 years; 67% were male. Overall, 51.2% reported neuromuscular pain, most frequently in the neck (54%), lower back (34%), and eyes (32%). Pain severity was predominantly mild (49%), though 12% reported severe or very severe symptoms. Significant associations were observed between pain severity and weekly gaming exposure (χ² = 20.59, p = 0.05), daily exposure (χ² = 12.10, p = 0.04), and posture adjustment frequency (χ² = 17.16, p = 0.02). Despite recurring pain, only 22% sought medical attention, while many relied on self‑management strategies such as ice/heat therapy or physiotherapy. Conclusion: Recreational PC gamers demonstrate a high prevalence of mild to moderate neuromuscular pain, strongly influenced by gaming duration, posture, and ergonomic practices. Underutilization of healthcare services highlights the need for awareness campaigns, ergonomic interventions, and preventive physiotherapy strategies to mitigate gaming‑related health risks in young adults. KEYWORDS: Recreational computer gaming, Neuromuscular pain, Musculoskeletal injuries, Ergonomics, Posture.
Background: Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is believed to impact 6.48 million individuals aged above 50 years, its prevalence increasing with advancing age. Declines in visual function serve as a strong predictor for the emergence of gait, balance and mobility limitations in older adults. Moreover, individuals classified within the lowest tier of visual acuity exhibit markedly increased likelihoods of developing disturbances in balance and gait and are at significantly greater risk of falls. Methods: A pilot cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary hospital in Mangalore, Karnataka on older adults (≥ 55 years) with POAG. Each participant was assessed using POMA, Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and MOCA. The scores of outcome measures across the early, moderate, and advanced stages of POAG were compared. Results: Comparison analysis revealed that a significant deterioration was seen in functional mobility, gait, and balance in individuals with glaucoma, and the deterioration varies with disease severity. Interpretation and Conclusion: There is a clear and statistically significant deterioration in mobility, balance, and gait as glaucoma progresses from early to advanced stages. This emphasizes the importance of early intervention and fall risk assessments in glaucoma management. The results of this study suggest that incorporating mobility tests into routine physical therapy assessments of individuals with early glaucoma may be beneficial. KEYWORDS: Hydrophthalmos, Mobility Limitations, Postural Equilibrium, Walking Ability.
Background: It is estimated that ~415 million individuals around the globe are living with diabetes, with 91% of them having type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a significant clinical and economic burden for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Women with type 2 diabetes have a 25–50% higher relative risk of experiencing a cardiovascular event compared to men with the same condition. Objective: To compare the incremental shuttle, walk test (ISWT) and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) in middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes. Method: A pilot cross-sectional study was conducted to assess cardio-respiratory fitness using the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) in middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes, and to compare ISWT and 6MWT in middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes. A total of 15 participants were recruited according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Both tests, with a 30-minute rest in between, were conducted. Result: Comparison between two cardio-respiratory fitness tests was done using a paired t-test. The mean VO₂ max for the 6-minute walk test was 17.616±2.775, while for the incremental shuttle walk test, it was slightly lower at 16.851±1.084. The t-value of 1.347 and p-value of 0.199 indicate that the difference is not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The t-value of 10.748 and p-value of p<0.001 suggest a highly significant difference (p < 0.05), indicating that the 6-minute walk test allows for significantly greater distance coverage compared to the incremental shuttle walk test. Conclusion: The significant difference in distance suggests the 6-minute walk test is better for assessing endurance, while the incremental shuttle walk test induces higher perceived exertion and cardiovascular stress. KEYWORDS: Type 2 diabetes, Women, Incremental shuttle walk test, 6-minute walk test.
Background: Trapezitis is an inflammation of the trapezius muscle that leads to the development of myofascial trigger points, often aggravated by poor posture, repetitive strain, or prolonged desk work. A forward head posture further exacerbates muscle tension, resulting in pain, stiffness, and a reduced range of motion. In addition to dry needling and instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization, other therapeutic approaches such as stretching exercises, postural correction, and strengthening techniques can help alleviate symptoms and prevent recurrence. Lifestyle modifications, including ergonomic adjustments and stress management, also play a crucial role in long-term recovery and muscle health. Methodology: Sixty patients with neck pain and a positive jump sign were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A received conventional therapy, while Group B underwent instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) in addition to traditional therapy. Group B received three treatment sessions over 10 days. Both groups were provided with Interferential Therapy (IFT), hot pack therapy, and self-trapezius stretching exercises. Result: Both groups showed statistically significant improvement, but the IASTM group was more effective in reducing pain and improving range of motion. Based on the results of the present study, both IASTM and conventional therapy are effective in treating upper trapezitis. However, IASTM has shown greater effectiveness in reducing pain and improving the range of motion. This suggests that IASTM may be particularly beneficial for addressing latent trigger points, as it is applied to the muscle belly. Additionally, IASTM helps reduce local pain, enhances range of motion, and influences neuronal activity. It impacts soft tissues by inducing microtrauma, which stimulates fibroblast proliferation, thereby promoting tissue repair. Conclusion: IASTM is a highly effective treatment option for reducing pain and improving the range of motion in patients with upper trapezitis. Compared to conventional therapy, IASTM proves to be a more effective approach in enhancing muscle function and promoting tissue healing, making it a valuable therapeutic intervention. KEY WORDS Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization, Myofascial trigger point, Trapezitis.
Background: To date, no study has directly compared the Muscle Energy Technique and Codman’s exercises in managing the symptoms. Moreover, this is the most overlooked aspect of treatment in Indian physiotherapy clinics. Our study determined the efficacy of the Muscle Energy Technique compared with Codman’s Exercises in adhesive capsulitis, helping to develop a better structured and optimized therapeutic strategy. Study Setting: Physiotherapy OPD, Dasmesh College of Physiotherapy, Faridkot. Methodology: Sixty patients, aged 40-60 years, were randomly assigned to three equal groups for the study. Group A participants received treatment consisting of a Hot Pack for 10 minutes, followed by the Muscle Energy Technique. Group B participants received treatment comprising a hot pack for ten minutes, followed by Codman’s Exercises. Group C participants received only a hot pack. Assessments were conducted on the first day and repeated after 4 weeks of the intervention/control study. Outcome Measures: Two standardized outcome tools were used: the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) questionnaire. Results: Relevant Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 21 software to verify the findings. All groups showed improvement; however, Group A demonstrated the most significant reduction in Pain and Stiffness. In contrast, Group C showed the minimum improvement in all measured parameters. Conclusion: The findings indicate that combining hot pack therapy with the muscle energy technique may serve as an effective clinical intervention for adhesive Capsulitis. Thus, the muscle energy technique should be used as a cardinal approach for an effective treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis. KEY WORDS: Pain, Stiffness, Adhesive Capsulitis (AC) or Frozen Shoulder, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), Glenohumeral Joint, Muscle Energy Technique (MET), Codman’s Exercises, Hot Pack, Range of Motion (ROM).
Background: Shoulder girdle stabilization influences hand strength, but the effects of functional training remain unknown. Objective: To determine the influence of shoulder girdle stabilization on hand muscle strength. Methods: Handgrip strength was measured in 20 healthy individuals during the first week of the pretest and after completing four weeks of the intervention. The training consisted of six specific Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization exercises, performed twice a week. The exercises were designed to obtain maximum joint stability within the shoulder. Results: t–test was used for data analysis. The mean difference and standard deviation of handgrip strength for the group were 4.30 ± 1.34 for the Pretest and 8.90 ± 1.80 for the posttest, with a mean difference of -4.60 ± 0.15. The Intragroup analysis of the group showed that handgrip strength was statistically significantly different, with p < 0.05 (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Shoulder girdle exercises based on DNS may generate clinically significant gains in hand muscle strength. Key words: Upper extremity, hand-held dynamometry, functional stabilization, Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization, rehabilitation
Background: Haemophilia is a hereditary bleeding disorder that leads to recurrent joint bleeding (hemarthrosis), resulting in joint degeneration, muscle weakness, and proprioceptive impairments. These musculoskeletal deficits contribute to balance disturbances and abnormal gait patterns, increasing the risk of falls and mobility limitations in individuals with haemophilia. Despite advancements in medical management, rehabilitation strategies targeting neuromuscular and proprioceptive deficits remain underexplored. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of a sensorimotor training program on balance and gait in individuals with haemophilia. The specific objectives were to evaluate improvements in balance and gait parameters following a structured sensory-motor intervention. Methodology: A total of 44 participants with haemophilia were recruited for an interventional study using a convenience sampling method. The study involved a four week sensorimotor training program consisting of flexibility exercises, balance training (sensory and motor components), core strengthening, and gait training. Outcome measures included the Single-Leg Stand Test (SLS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT). Data were analysed using paired t-tests, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Significant improvements were observed post-intervention in all outcome measures. Single-leg stance times increased (Right leg: 15.30 ± 7.28 to 21.59 ± 9.13 sec, Left leg: 13.93 ± 6.04 to 21.07 ± 7.59 sec, p < 0.001). TUG test times decreased (25.35 ± 7.80 to 19.55 ± 6.69 sec, p < 0.001), indicating enhanced agility and dynamic balance. The 2MWT distances increased (140.11 ± 34.03 to 158.19 ± 34.99 meters, p < 0.001), reflecting improved walking endurance. Conclusion: The sensorimotor training program produced statistically and clinically significant improvements in balance and gait in individuals with haemophilia. Enhanced proprioception, neuromuscular coordination, and postural control contributed to increased stability and functional mobility. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating sensorimotor training into standard physiotherapy care for haemophilia management. Keywords: Haemophilia, Sensorimotor Training, Balance, Gait, Postural Stability, Proprioception, Functional Mobility, Fall Risk.
Background: Tennis is a well-known and globally popular sport, played by millions of people of all ages and skill levels. It is enjoyed both recreationally and competitively. The sport is known for its physical, mental, and social benefits, making it a great choice for lifelong participation. The sport demands precise movement, grip strength, and kinetic chain efficiency for optimal performance and injury prevention. Shoulder stability, scapular motion, and proprioception are crucial, as imbalances can lead to injuries. Proprioceptive training enhances motor control, balance, and coordination, improving performance and injury prevention by stimulating neuromuscular responses essential for dynamic equilibrium during play. Methodology: 40 tennis players were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Assessment of the outcome measures was done pre and post 12 sessions. Outcome measures used were grip strength using hand held dynamometer, functional performance using Closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test, serve speed via Radar gun and upper limb proprioception using Active angle reproduction test. Proprioceptive training for upper limb was given to all the subjects. Result: The pre and post values of the group showed statistically significant results in all outcome measures (p value <0.01) Conclusion: There is statistically significant difference in grip strength, serve speed, upper limb proprioception and functional performance in tennis players. KEY WORDS: Proprioceptive training, tennis players, grip strength, serve speed.
Background: Scapular stability and endurance are essential components of upper limb biomechanics, particularly in overhead sports such as basketball. Proper functioning of scapular musculature contributes significantly to shoulder kinematics, affecting performance during shooting tasks. Despite this, limited research has explored the direct correlation between scapular muscle endurance and shooting efficiency in recreational basketball players. Purpose: This pilot study aimed to investigate the relationship between scapular muscle endurance and shooting task in recreational basketball players. Methods: The study included 12 recreational basketball players, aged 18 to 30 years. The subjects were selected according to inclusion exclusion criteria, each participant’s scapular muscle endurance was measured using scapular endurance test measured in kilograms and shooting task was assessed using Standardized shooting task which is 60 free throw attempts, performance was recorded as a percentage. Pearson correlation was used to determine the strength and significance of the relationship between scapular muscle endurance and free throw percentage. Results: A strong positive correlation was found between scapular muscle endurance and shooting task (r = 0.988, p = 0.0001). This indicates that higher scapular endurance is strongly associated with improved free throw accuracy. Conclusion: The results suggest that scapular muscle endurance plays a critical role in shooting task among recreational basketball players. Enhancing scapular endurance could potentially improve shooting accuracy, making it a key focus area in training and rehabilitation programs for athletes in overhead sports. Keywords: Athletic performances, muscular fatigue, muscle strength, shoulder joint.
Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder that profoundly impacts mobility, everyday activities, and overall quality of life. Effective rehabilitation for individuals with CLBP is significantly hampered by kinesiophobia, or the fear of movement brought on by pain-related anxiety. Magnesium is essential for neuromuscular function and has helped relax muscles and minimize pain. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of transdermal magnesium oil administration, when combined with conventional physiotherapy, on pain, motion, muscle activation, disability, and kinesiophobia in patients with CLBP. Methods: A comparative study involving 30 participants, divided into 2 groups of 15 each. Group A (Conventional group) received steam and traditional exercises. Group B (Experimental group) received moist heat in the form of steam, followed by transdermal Magnesium oil application and traditional exercises. The intervention consisted of 12 sessions over 2 weeks. Conventional exercises included lower-limb strengthening, pelvic tilts, glute bridges, crunches, lower abdominal strengthening, dead bug, and therapy ball strengthening to improve flexibility, mobility, and stability of the spine and surrounding musculature. Outcome measures like Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), EMG peak value for lumbar extensor activation, and lumbar and pelvic mobility were assessed pre-intervention and post-intervention for both groups, and the data were analysed using SPSS software Version 29. Result: Both groups demonstrated improvement in all the outcome measures post-intervention; however, the experimental group showed significant improvement in lumbar flexion range, NPRS on activity, TSK score, ODI, and EMG peak values. Conclusion: In patients with CLBP, the combination of transdermal magnesium oil and conventional physiotherapy resulted in significant reductions in Kinesiophobia. These results provide validity to the apparent benefit of transdermal magnesium supplementation for the treatment of CLBP. KEY WORDS: Chronic Low Back Pain, Kinesiophobia, Magnesium oil, Muscle activation.
Musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is a common occupational health concern, particularly among security personnel due to prolonged standing, repetitive tasks, and physical strain. Its impact on work-related quality of life (WRQoL) remains underexplored. This study aimed to determine the association between MSP and WRQoL among male security personnel. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 96 male security personnel aged 30–50 years with at least 3 years of experience, working day shifts. The Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire assessed pain risk, and the Work-Related Quality of Life Scale measured WRQoL. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests (SPSS v21). Moderate pain risk was observed in 58.3% of participants, while 41.7% were at high risk. WRQoL was moderate in 86.5%, low in 11.5%, and high in 2.1%. The association between MSP risk level and WRQoL was not statistically significant (χ² = 2.843, p = 0.241). While MSP is prevalent among security personnel, it does not exhibit a statistically significant association with WRQoL. Comprehensive occupational health strategies addressing both physical and psychosocial factors are recommended. KEY WORDS: Musculoskeletal Pain, Occupational Health, Orebro Questionnaire, Security Personnel, Work-Related Quality of Life, WMSDs.
Background: Motorbike drivers are frequently exposed to sustained postures, road vibrations, and repetitive upper limb movements, making them prone to musculoskeletal issues, particularly in the cervical and scapular regions. Scapular muscle endurance and craniovertebral angle (CVA) are crucial parameters related to postural control and neck function. Alterations in these factors may contribute to or result from neck dysfunction. Context and purpose of study: To compare scapular muscle endurance and craniovertebral angle in motorbike drivers with neck pain and those without neck pain. Results: The unpaired t-test revealed a statistically significant difference in mean scapular muscle endurance between the neck pain group (15.92kg) and the non-neck pain group (20kg), with a p-value of 0.008. Similarly, the craniovertebral angle was markedly reduced in those with neck pain (mean = 43.17°) compared to those without (mean = 49.25°), with a highly significant difference. Conclusion: Participants with neck pain have significantly lower scapular muscle endurance and a smaller craniovertebral angle (CVA) than those without neck pain. KEY WORDS: Cervical spine Angle, Forward Head Posture, Cervical Pain, Scapulothoracic Muscle Endurance.
Background: School teachers demonstrate a relatively high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, ranging from 40% to 95%. They are particularly at risk of experiencing neck pain due to the nature of their daily tasks. Ergonomics varies by individual based on their needs and physical traits. It includes techniques, body positioning, and tool adjustability to reduce strain. Work ergonomics focuses on the interaction between humans, tasks, tools, and the work environment, ensuring these elements adapt to human physical and mental characteristics. Cervical-thoracic and upper thoracic mobility restrictions have been associated with neck pain. Thrust joint manipulation techniques involve the application of high-velocity low-amplitude forces directed to spinal joints. Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the Effectiveness of Upper Thoracic Thrust Manipulation and Ergonomic advice in reducing pain and improving muscular strength in teachers with neck pain. Study design: A quasi-experimental study. Methods: In a 4-week study, 30 teachers were studied, divided into two groups using convenient sampling. Group A (UTTM, Ergonomics, Conventional Exercise program) and Group B (Conventional Exercise Program). Pre and post-data were collected and analyzed by SPSS 29. Paired and unpaired t-tests were used to find out the significance of the treatment. Results: Significant difference was found in the NDI score, MMT score, and RULA score in both groups, but Group A showed greater improvement in the outcomes. Conclusion: The study concluded that a UTTM and Ergonomic advice, along with a conventional program, are effective in reducing neck pain and improving muscular strength in school teachers. KEYWORDS: School teachers, Neck pain, Thrust, Ergonomics, Muscular strength.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant long-term effects beyond respiratory illness, notably involving the nervous system. Increasing evidence indicates that post-COVID-19 syndrome can present with a range of neurological complications. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and awareness of neurological complications among post-COVID-19 patients using the Edinburgh Neuro-symptoms Questionnaire. Aim: To observe the prevalence of Neurological Complications among Post-COVID 19 patients using Edinburgh Questionnaire. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 385 participants from Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra, all of whom had a history of COVID-19 infection following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Consent was secured before the assessment. We evaluate the presence and severity of neurological complications in post COVID-19 patients by an Edinburgh Questionnaire. Data was analysed using Microsoft Excel. Study design: An observational study. Result: The average age of participants was 46.28 ± 16.87 years; 54.80% were male and 45.20% female. Study revealed that the most common neurological symptoms reported among total participants were fatigue (73.5%), muscle weakness (66.2%), and chronic pain (64.1%). In addition, participants exhibited memory impairments (19.48%), blackouts (20.26%), sensory disturbances (19.4%), as well as postural tremors (6.75) were also identified as the least prevalence complication. Gender analysis revealed a higher prevalence of symptoms among males (54.8%) compared to females (45.2%). Conclusion: Neurological complications are highly prevalent among post-COVID-19 patients, with fatigue, weakness, and chronic pain being the most common manifestations. Early recognition and targeted neurorehabilitation strategies are critical for improving quality of life in post-COVID-19 patients. Greater awareness among healthcare providers and patients is necessary to ensure timely diagnosis and intervention. Key Words: COVID-19, Neurological Complications, Post-COVID Syndrome, Edinburgh Questionnaire, Neurorehabilitation, Fatigue, Blackouts, Memory Impairment.
Background: Hand recovery is one of the most important treatment goal for patients with stroke. A valid and reliable measure assessing post stroke hand function is essential for appropriate clinical decision and treatment planning. Therefore, the present study aimed to find out the predictive validity of Brunnstrom Stages of Recovery of hand function for functional activities measured by ICF Codes and Sollerman Hand Function test in patients with stroke. Methodology: 10 individuals with stroke were recruited and assessed for baseline, after 2 weeks and score after 4 weeks for Brunnstrom stage of recovery for hand, ICF codes for hand and Sollerman hand function test. Results: Brunnstrom stage of recovery for hand and ICF codes for hand function were found to have significant negative relation between them (Picking up: -0.95, Grasping: -0.88, Manipulating: -0.87, Releasing: -0.95) whereas there was a significant positive correlation of 0.93 between BRS hand and Sollerman hand function test. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the Brunnstrom recovery stage for hand can predict the functional use of hand in patient at 4 weeks stroke. KEYWORDS: Hand function, Prediction, Brunnstrom stage, ICF code, Sollerman hand function test.
Introduction: Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability in India, posing a significant public health challenge. Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in stroke rehabilitation, aiming to restore physical function and promote independent living. This study documents the clinical presentation patterns and evolving demographics of stroke patients to understand better the burden on physiotherapists and rehabilitation hurdles. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the clinical and functional profiles of stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation at the Physiotherapy Department of a tertiary care hospital between January 2019 and December 2024. The objectives include assessing demographic trends, co-morbidities, and functional outcomes related to hand function, balance, and gait. Method: A retrospective study was conducted, reviewing data from stroke patients who underwent rehabilitation at the Physiotherapy Department of Dr. Vitthal Rao Vikhe Patil Memorial Hospital. Data collected included demographics, stroke type, affected side, co-morbidities, cardiovascular risk factors, and functional assessments such as the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) for hand function, Modified Functional Reach Test (mFRT ) for sitting balance, Functional Reach Test (FRT) for standing balance, and Dynamic Gait Index for gait affection. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: The study revealed a demographic shift with an increasing incidence of stroke in younger age groups and a rising older population seeking physiotherapy. Hypertension and diabetes were identified as prevalent co-morbidities. Hand affection, balance, and gait impairments varied across acute, subacute, and chronic stages of stroke, with trends indicating potential for improvement with consistent physiotherapy interventions. Conclusion: This study highlights the evolving demographic landscape of stroke incidence and the critical need for age-specific physiotherapy interventions. Addressing the unique challenges of younger patients through prevention and early intervention, as well as the complex, multi-dimensional rehabilitation needs of the aging population, is essential for comprehensive stroke care. The findings underscore the importance of timely access to physiotherapy and tailored rehabilitation programs to optimize functional outcomes and improve the quality of life for stroke survivors. KEYWORDS: Diabetes mellitus, Gait, Hypertension, Quality of life, Physiotherapy, stroke rehabilitation.
Aim: To investigate the effect of position of subject during lumbar traction on the amount of separation caused at three intervertebral segments, L3L4, L4L5 and L5S1. The three positions tested were supine, fowler’s and prone. Material and methods: 45 healthy male volunteers in the age group 18 to 25 years were divided into three groups, supine, prone and fowler’s. They were positioned in the required position for 15 minutes. Lumbar traction with a force equal to fifty percent of body weight was applied for 15 minutes and after releasing the traction force, the position of rest was maintained for 10 minutes. Lateral view radiograph was taken before and after each intervention. Each subject served as a control for self for one position. Results: All the three groups experienced intervertebral separations with traction as compared to the control, i.e. positioning only. Supine positioning during traction caused maximum posterior separation at L4L5 and maximum anterior separation at L5S1 while fowler’s position caused maximum posterior separation at L5S1 level. No such pattern was observed with prone position. Moreover after releasing the traction force, the effect of separation was sustained at the segments that experienced maximum separation during traction. Conclusion: With proper positioning the effect of lumbar traction can be maximized to affect a particular intervertebral segment. KEY WORDS: Lumbar Traction, intervertebral separation, Low back pain.
Background: The clean and jerk and the snatch are the two competition lifts in weightlifting. The primary function of the serratus anterior is to protract the scapula, meaning it pulls the shoulder blade forward across the rib cage, which is vital for arm elevation and reaching movements. This muscle also contributes to upward rotation of the scapula, necessary for lifting arms overhead. Weightlifting can be greatly impacted by a weak serratus anterior muscle because it limits shoulder stability, makes it harder to push or press heavy weights, and increases the risk of shoulder injuries. Method: 12 male weightlifters of age between 18-25 years were included in this study. Intervention includes the use of dumbbells and theraband as a progressive resisted exercises for strengthening serratus anterior for 15 to 20 minutes, four days a week, for 10 to 12 repetitions using seated shot-put test as an outcome measure. Result: On the dominant hand mean pre and post workout distance was 217.5 cm and 230. 3cm.On the non-dominant hand, mean pre and post workout distances are 201.3 cm and 211.3 cm. Paired t test was found to be 17.81 on the dominant hand and 16.13 on the non-dominant hand. The results suggest that the workout program has a slightly greater impact on improving dominant hand performance (mean increase: 12.8 cm) compared to non-dominant hand performance (mean increase: 10.0 cm). Conclusion: The study concluded that the serratus anterior strengthening improved the upper extremity performance for weightlifting like snatching and clean and jerk ability. KEYWORDS: Weightlifting, strengthening programs, exercise programs, upper extremities, pain, shoulder.
Background: Obesity has become a global epidemic and a major life-threatening issue that cannot be ignored. Overweight and obese individuals are at higher risk for lateral ankle sprains and instabilities. Objective: To determine the efficacy of a structured training program on ankle ROM, pain, and balance in obese individuals having chronic ankle instability (CAI). Study design: Experimental study, simple random sampling. Participants: 60 participants (41 females, 19 males, age=21.5±2.3 years, BMI=32.36±2 kg/m2) were included in the study. The participants were selected according to an inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT) and a questionnaire was used to assess the severity of chronic ankle instability. Procedure: The pre-test scores of visual analogue scale (VAS), star excursion balance test (SEBT), and ankle dorsiflexion range of motion were taken. The training program was given 3 times per week for 6 weeks, per session 40- 60 minutes and then the post-test assessment was taken. Analysis: Data was calculated as mean, standard deviation, range for quantitative variables and frequency, and percentage for qualitative variables by using the software Instat. All variables were compared using the chi-square test. Results: The pre-test VAS scores at rest and on activity were 3.43±1.5 and 5.5±1.4 respectively and the post-test scores at rest and on activity were 1.1±0.8 and 1.5±0.8 respectively. The pre-test ROM score was 31.37±2.9 whereas the post-test score was 33.12±2.9. A significant difference was found in VAS scores and ROM scores with a P value <0.0001 for each. Significant differences were found between the pre-test and post-test SEBT scores in an involved limb of subjects with CAI (p value <0.0001). Conclusion: This study has shown that there was a significant improvement in ROM, pain and SEBT scores of obese individuals having chronic ankle instability when the subjects underwent a structured training program. KEYWORDS: Obesity, Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool, Star Excursion Balance Test.
