AbstractThe present study was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar application of micronutrients on growth and yield of marigold cv. Yellow Benz Tall during the year 2022-23 at the experimental farm of Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu to find out effect of various levels of micronutrients on marigold. The experiment included nine combinations of Fe and Zn micronutrient treatments with three replications, designed in Randomized Block Design. The treatments were viz., T1 [Control (75% N + 100% P + 75% K + Nano N and Nano K)], T2 [T1 + 0.5% ZnSO4], T3 [T1 + 0.5% FeSO4], T4 [T1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.5% FeSO4], T5 [T1 + 0.25% Chelated Fe], T6 [T1 + 0.25% Chelated Fe + 0.5% ZnSO4], T7 [T1 + Nano Zn], T8 [T1 + 0.5% FeSO4 + Nano Zn], T9 [T1 + 0.25% Chelated Fe + Nano Zn]. The results revealed that crop responded significantly to micronutrient application like plant height (72.24 cm), number of primary branches (16.09), number of secondary branches (60.36), number of nodes (30.68), internodal length (6.87 cm), stem girth (4.56 cm) and plant spread (63.17 cm2) and flowering parameters like days taken for flowering (27.20) shown earliness, duration of flowering (99.48 days), number of flowers per plant (56.39), single flower weight (14.03 g), flower diameter (10.05 cm) and yield parameter like yield per plant (593.36 g) with T9 (T1 + 0.25% Chelated Fe + Nano Zn). Foliar application of Fe and Zn improved growth and photosynthetic characteristics in marigold. It promotes nutrient availability and plant uptake, increase crop growth, yield and physiological characters, reduce dependence on costly chemical fertilizer inputs and minimize environmental risks. It is concluded that foliar application of micronutrients in combination of Fe and Zn enhanced growth, flowering and yield parameters.
AbstractAn experiment on the effect of integrated nutrient management on the rhizome productivity of mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) was conducted at a farmer’s field in Vadapalani village, Erode district during 2022-2023. The research investigated how integrated nutrient management (INM) influences the growth performance of rhizomes in mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.). Atotal of 11 treatments used in this experiments were as T1 - 75% RDF + Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Panchagavya @ 3%, T2 - 75% RDF + Groundnut cake @ (200 kg/ha) + Panchagavya @ 3%,T3 - 75% RDF + Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Vermiwash @ 10%, T4 - 75% RDF + Groundnut cake @ (200 kg/ha) + Vermiwash @10%, T5 - 75% RDF + Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Humic acid @ 0.2%, T6 - 75% RDF + Groundnut cake @ (200 kg/ha) + Humic acid @ 0.2%, T7 - 75% RDF + Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Amrit Pani @ 3 %,T8 - 75% RDF + Groundnut cake @ (200 kg/ha) + Amrit Pani @ 3 %, T9 - 75% RDF + Vermicompost @ 5 t/ha + Chitosan @ 0.1 %, T10 - 75% RDF + Groundnut cake @ (200 kg/ha) + Chitosan @ 0.1 % and T11 - Control. The results demonstrated significant improvements across various growth parameters in treatments integrating organic and inorganic nutrient sources. Treatment T9, comprising 75% RDF, Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 and chitosan @ 0.1%, emerged as the most effective. It achieved the shortest sprouting duration (12.09 d), tallest plant height (124.39 cm), maximum tiller count (6.23 tillers/plant), the highest leaf count (21.85 leaves/plant), longest leaf length (73.27 cm) and the greatest leaf breadth (32.72 cm) and maximum pseudostem girth (11.26 cm). Additionally, T9 recorded the highest curcumin content (2.48%). These outcomes highlighted the synergistic benefits of combining organic and inorganic nutrient sources in promoting superior plant growth and rhizome quality.
AbstractAsparagus setaceus, also known as Asparagus plumosus, is a popular cut filler due to its delicate, feathery foliage and versatility in floral compositions. However, its tender nature makes it prone to mechanical damage, pests, and diseases, which affect its post-harvest quality and vase life. Hence, the present study was conducted at the College of Horticulture, Bagalkot, Karnataka, during 2018-2019 to device the methods of extending vase life of Asparagus setaceus using chemical preservatives. Uniform, pest-free foliages were harvested for quality assessment. To improve longevity, chemical preservatives were used to maintain freshness and enhance water uptake, thereby increasing market value. The study tested six treatments: distilled water (control), 10% sucrose + 100 ppm 8-HQC, 10% sucrose + 200 ppm 8-HQC, 10% sucrose + 25 ppm BA, 10% sucrose + 0.5% boric acid, and 10% sucrose + 25 ppm BA + 0.5% boric acid. The experiment was conducted under ambient conditions, assessing parameters such as initial fresh weight, vase solution absorption, physiological weight loss, and vase life. Results revealed that the combination of 10% sucrose + 25 ppm BA + 0.5% boric acid (T6) resulted in the highest initial fresh weight, the greatest vase solution uptake, and the longest vase life (8.45 days). This treatment minimized weight loss and maintained the foliage’s aesthetic quality. In contrast, treatments with distilled water or minimal additives showed shorter vase life and greater weight loss. The study concludes that the combination of 10 % Sucrose + 25 ppm BA + 0.5 % Boric acid effectively extends the vase life of Asparagus setaceus, making it a recommended preservative solution for the floriculture industry.
AbstractGladiolus, a widely cultivated ornamental crop is valued for its vibrant spikes and adaptability to diverse climatic conditions. This study evaluated eight gladiolus varieties: Punjab Hybrid, Joshka, Chandavar, Punjab Dawn, Punjab Home, Souvik Biscuits, Pusa Suhagin and Arka Naveen under open-field conditions in the Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka. The experiment, conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, assessed key growth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf length and leaf area, along with floral traits including spike number, spike length, rachis length, floret count and floret diameter. Significant variability was observed among the varieties for all parameters. Arka Naveen recorded the tallest plants (96.4 cm) and largest leaf area (131.84 cm2), while Souvik Biscuits exhibited the highest number of leaves (12) and longest leaves (53.6 cm). In floral traits, Punjab Hybrid achieved the highest spike production (2.28 spikes per plant) whereas Souvik Biscuits recorded the longest rachis (42 cm). The maximum floret diameter (7.3 cm) was observed in Pusa Suhagin, highlighting its potential for aesthetic and commercial applications. The findings revealed substantial genetic variability among the gladiolus varieties, with Arka Naveen, Souvik Biscuits and Chandavar demonstrating superior growth and floral attributes. These results provide valuable insights for breeders and cultivators, offering a foundation for selecting high-performing varieties suitable for ornamental and commercial purposes. The study underscores the potential for optimizing gladiolus production in agro-climatic zones like Karnataka.
AbstractThe research explores the economic and resource use patterns of groundnut cultivation among farmers adopting and not adopting sprinkler irrigation in Gujarat’s Sabarkantha, Mehsana, and Patan districts. A total of 99 adopters and 105 non-adopters were selected through a multistage sampling method, wherein blocks and villages were chosen based on the concentration of adopters, and withing the villages farmers were randomly sampled. The study revealed that farmers who adopted sprinkler irrigation incurred lower labour costs and achieved higher yields compared to non-adopters. The resource use pattern revealed that seed, machinery cost and labour cost were major contributors to total cost across both the categories. The returns over variable cost (ROVC) were ?77,681.83 per hectare for adopter and ?69415.26 per hectare for non-adopter for all three districts. The benefit-cost ratios were 1.85 for adopter and 1.73 for non-adopter for all three districts. These findings display that adopter achieved higher profitability in groundnut cultivation. The payback period for investment in sprinkler irrigation ranged from 2 to 3 years, compared to its 10-year operational lifespan across all districts. Regression analysis using the power function showed that seed, fertilizer, pesticide, and machinery costs significantly influenced output for adopters, while fertilizer, machinery, and labour costs were key factors for non-adopters. This suggests underutilization of these inputs, indicating potential for increased usage to enhance returns. The study concludes that adopting sprinkler irrigation improves yield and boosts profitability in groundnut cultivation. It recommends strengthening efforts to promote micro-irrigation through training, subsidy awareness, and demonstrations.
AbstractAn experiment was conducted during the Kharif season of 2023 at the College of Horticulture, Bagalkot, to evaluate the genetic variability of yield and quality traits in a 235-member F2 population of Cucumis melo L. The study utilized an augmented block design with three checks. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for nearly all traits, indicating substantial genetic variability. The range of variation was widest for individual fruit weight (110–930 g), yield per vine (480–5180 g), shelf life (5–16d), and total soluble solids (3.10–6.71°Brix). Genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV) were lower than phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) for all traits, suggesting environmental influence on trait expression. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance over mean (GAM) was observed for all traits except days to first male and female flower appearance. These findings suggest that selection for most traits can be effective, with the exception of flowering time traits.
AbstractA field experiment was conducted during 2023-24 at RHREC, Dharwad, Karnataka to study the bio-efficacy and effectiveness of new alternatives of neonocotinoid insecticide molecules. Among the treatments, Flupyridifurone 200 SL @ 2.5 ml/l and Flonicamid 50 WG @ 0.4g/l proved highly effective in managing leaf hopper population by registering lowest mean number of leaf hoppers per 3 leaves (1.71 and 2.53, respectively) on 10 days after treatment imposition with highest percent suppression in population over control (84.29 and 76.75, respectively). With respect to whiteflies, among the treatments, Flupyridifurone 200 SL @ 2.5 ml/l and Flonicamid 50 WG @ 0.4g/l proved highly effective in managing whiteflies population by registering lowest mean number of whiteflies per 3 leaves (1.53 and 1.74, respectively) on 10 days after treatment imposition with highest reduction in population in terms of percent over control (83.45 and 81.24, respectively). Further because of lower pest load in Flupyridifurone 200 SL @ 2.5 ml/l and Flonicamid 50 WG @ 0.4 g/l treatment, which led to lesser damage with higher mean economic yield (11.08 t/ha and 10.76 t/ha respectively). Overall, chemical management by Flupyridifurone 200 SL @ 2.5 ml/l also Flonicamid 50 WG @0.4 g/l were most effective against leafhopper and whiteflies management with highest cost: benefit ratio of 2.60 and 2.90 respectively. The outcomes suggested that the present neonicotinoid insecticide were effective alternatives over conventional insecticides in formulating improved pest management strategy against sucking pests in okra.
AbstractChrysanthemum is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant widely cultivated in India for both cut and loose flower production. These flowers are highly prized for their diverse shapes, sizes, unique forms, and vibrant colours. Due to their early blooming nature, efficient propagation techniques, and ease of cultivation, they offer great potential for commercial farming. Their appealing characteristics make them a profitable choice for growers. Aresearch study was conducted during 2024-25 at the experimental block of the Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture, Bagalkot. The objective was to evaluate chrysanthemum varieties for loose flower production in the Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka. The experiment followed a Randomized Block Design with three replications, assessing eight chrysanthemum cultivars Poorva White, Poornima White, Poornima Yellow, Solo White, Scent White, Samruddhi White, Scent Yellow, and Aiswarya Yellow, based on growth and flowering parameters. Among the cultivars, Poornima Yellow recorded the tallest plant height (69.33 cm), produced the highest number of flowers per plant (68.33), and yielded the most flowers per plant (620.20 gm). Solo White had the greatest number of primary and secondary branches (19.00 & 17.62) and showed extensive plant spread in both east-west (44.07 cm) and north-south directions (83.70 cm). Scent White recorded the highest individual flower weight (17.46 gm). The earliest flowering, at 50% bloom (88.33 d), was observed in Poornima White, while Aishwarya Yellow had the shortest flowering duration (33.38 d). Aishwarya Yellow also exhibited the longest shelf life (5.74 d), whereas Scent Yellow showed the highest chlorophyll content (62.36 SPAD). Based on the findings, Poornima Yellow, Scent White, and Solo White were identified as the most suitable chrysanthemum cultivars for commercial cultivation in the Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka.
AbstractThe study was conducted in the Srinagar district of Jammu and Kashmir (UT) to assess the constraints faced by rainbow trout fish farmers in the adoption of improved fish farming practices. The data were collected from randomly selected 53 fish farmers with the help of pre-tested interview schedule. The collected data were classified, tabulated and statistically analyzed. The findings revealed that majority of the fish farmers were under the middle age group (47.17%), educated up to a higher secondary level (41.51%), male (83.02%), married (83.02%), fish farming experience as medium (49.06%) and under high income group (60.38%) Further, results revealed that constraints like lack of quality fish seed availability was (technological constraints) perceived by 81.13 per cent fish farmers, poor transport facility was (infrastructural constraints) perceived by 77.36 per cent fish farmers and high price of trout seed and feed was (economic constraints) perceived by 92.45 per cent fish farmers which were indicating the major barriers in adoption of improved fish farming practices by the farmers in study area.
AbstractThe present study was undertaken to screen various bitter gourd genotypes for resistance against downy mildew caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis under natural field screening conditions. The experiment was laid out in a RCBD with two replications during the 2022–23 season evaluating 75 genetically diverse bitter gourd genotypes including commercial varieties and improved lines. None of the genotypes showed complete resistance to the pathogen. The percentage disease index (PDI) observed under natural conditions ranged between 23.98 to 86.77 per cent. The results indicated that the minimum percent disease index (PDI) of 23.98 per cent was recorded in genotype Green Long followed by 29.46 (IC470565), 34.22 (IC68335), 36.09 (PVIG-2) and 37.33 (IC467681) suggesting moderately resistant to downy mildew. The maximum PDI was recorded in the genotype Kashi Mayuri with 86.77 per cent followed by 86.14 (MC-3), 86.10 (Hirkani), 82.33 (UHSB-025) and 82.28 (IC113875) genotypes were found to be susceptible to downy mildew under field conditions. Thus, the identified bitter gourd genotypes can be used for further breeding programme for the development of new bitter gourd hybrids (or) varieties with downy mildew resistance.
AbstractThe field experiment was carried out at KRCCH (Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture) Arabhavi, Karnataka during Rabi season of 2021and 2022 to investigate the comparative biological effectiveness of different modules against aphids and pod borer complex in Indian bean (Lablab purpureus L.). Among all the modules chemi intensive module (Thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.2g/l – Fipronil 5 SC @ 1ml/l – Spinosad 45 SC @ 0.3ml/l – Emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.2 g/l ) was most efficient in reducing aphid population after 10 days of second spray (0.45 aphids/plant) and it was followed by IPM module (Neem cake (1q/acre) - Azadirachtin 1500 ppm @ 4 ml/l – Difenthiuron 50 WP @ 0.5 g/l - Spinosad 45 SC@ 0.3ml/l with maize and coriander grown at the border of main crop) which recorded 4.64 (aphids/plant). Chemical intensive module was also effective in reducing pod borer infestation by recording lowest mean percent pod damage of 7.11 and was followed by IPM module which recorded 9.92 percent pod damage. The highest yield, 14.37 (t /ha) was recorded from chemi-intensive module and IPM was next best module (13.40 t /ha). Additionally, highest B:C ratio (4.01) was found in chemi intensive module followed by IPM module (3.67). IPM module was found to be safe for predators (spiders and coccinellids) by recording highest number of natural enemies (3.29/plant and 3.47/plant, respectively) after two weeks of first day and fourth spray.
AbstractPre-harvest bagging practice enhances harvest timing, minimizes insect infestations, reduces chemical residues, and supports organic cultivation. A study was carried out at the Instructional Farm of UBKV, Pundibari to evaluate the effects of bagging on three litchi cultivars (Calcuttia, Elaichi, and China) using six coloured bags (transparent, yellow, green, blue, red, and black with 5% perforations) and an unbagged control in a factorial randomized block design with four replications. The Elaichi cultivar showed the best performance with reduced fruit drop (27.71%) and maximum fruit retention (64.70%). Unbagged fruits had the highest cracking rate (5.47%) and infestation (10.76%), while bagged fruits were free from these issues. Blue-coloured bags yielded the best results, achieving maximum fruit weight (17.38 g), diameter (3.11 cm), length (3.78 cm), juice yield (7.73 ml), TSS (21.04 °B), total sugar (16.31%), reducing sugar (13.74%), ascorbic acid (32.01 mg/100 g), and anthocyanin content (29.22 mg/100 g). Bagging proved effective in improving fruit quality and reducing losses, particularly during the rainy season.
AbstractThe present experiment was carried out at the Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, College of Horticulture, Bagalkot during the year 2023–2024. The study tested three fertilizer levels (F1: 20:40:40 g NPK/plant/year, F2: 30:60:60 g NPK/plant/year and F3: 40:80:80 g NPK/plant/year) and three spacing configurations (S1: 1.5 × 1.2 m, S2: 2.0 × 1.5 m and S3: 2.5 × 1.8 m), resulting in nine treatment combinations, each replicated thrice in a Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Fertilizers were applied at four intervals (May, July, September and November) using urea, diammonium phosphate and muriate of potash as sources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash respectively. Quality attributes were measured at 240 days after treatment imposition. The results indicated that the combination of S2 and F3 (spacing of 2.0 × 1.5 m and fertilizer level of 40:80:80 g NPK/plant/year) resulted in the highest flower diameter (17.00 mm), bud diameter (11.32 mm), corolla tube length (2.44 cm), single (1.10 g), ten (11.0 g), fifty (50.0 g) and 100-flower bud weight (100.01 g) and flower bud shelf life (2.90 days). On the other hand, the lowest values for these traits were observed in the S1 F1 treatment combination (spacing of 1.5 × 1.2 m and fertilizer level of 20:40:40 g NPK/plant/year), with flower diameter (13.41 mm), bud diameter (7.98 mm), corolla tube length (1.94 cm), single (0.79 g), ten (7.9 g), fifty (46.1 g) and 100-flower bud weight (92.11 g) and flower bud shelf life (1.70 days). The study concluded that the ideal combination of spacing S2 and F3 proved to be highly beneficial for producing top-quality flower buds in Pinwheel flowers. Hence, can be recommended to the growers for ensuring superior flower quality.
AbstractThis study examined the role of WhatsApp as a communication tool among livestock farmers in Dharmapuri focusing on its effectiveness in enhancing information sharing and decision-making. A total of 1,546 farmers participated in 12 dedicated WhatsApp groups with 100 farmers selected for detailed analysis over six months, resulting in 40 queries primarily concerning large ruminant health, disease management, and reproduction. WhatsApp emerged as the preferred method for information gathering, facilitating timely responses from agricultural experts and fostering a sense of community among farmers. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dharmapuri established these groups to provide expert advice and technological insights, particularly during adverse weather conditions when in-person visits were impractical. Most queries were related to crossbred cattle management with significant interest in low-cost feed options for goats. Farmers utilized various communication methods including text voice messages and images to effectively convey their issues. Overall, WhatsApp has proven invaluable for knowledge exchange and the development of sustainable livestock management practices, bridging information gaps and promoting agricultural innovation, thereby enhancing farmer engagement and enabling efficient data generation for agricultural scientists.
AbstractGrapes (Vitis vinifera), a crop of immense global importance, are cultivated for various purposes, including fresh consumption and processed products. However, grape cultivation faces critical challenges from insect pests such as mealybugs (Maconellicoccus hirsutus), which cause severe yield and quality losses, increase pesticide dependence and contribute to environmental degradation. Sustainable pest management strategies, such as the use of entomopathogenic fungi, has emerged as promising alternative to chemical pesticides, addressing these challenges while supporting eco-friendly agricultural practices. This study assessed the efficacy of endophytic Beauveria bassiana UHSB-END1, as a biological control agent against mealybugs in Thompson Seedless grapevines. Field experiment employed soil drenching, foliar sprays and combination of both treatments. The combination treatment having the highest efficacy of 96.79% reduction compared to untreated controls, while foliar sprays and soil drenching individually showed notable pest suppression. The integration of biological controls into pest management programs not only minimizes environmental impacts but also supports biodiversity and long-term vineyard health. To further enhance its applicability, optimization of B. bassiana formulations and delivery methods is recommended to ensure consistent performance across varying climatic conditions.
AbstractAn investigation was conducted to assess the impact of rootstock selection and cane regulation on the organoleptic characteristics of wine in the semi-arid region of Karnataka. The study was carried out during 2022-2024 at the Main Horticultural Research and Extension Centre, Bagalkot, using a split-split plot design with two rootstocks (R1: Dogridge and R2: 110 R), five grape varieties (V1: Cabernet Sauvignon, V2: Medica, V3: Shiraz, V4: Sauvignon Blanc and V5: Chenin Blanc), and three cane regulation levels (C1: control, C2: 36 canes/vine and C3: 24 canes/vine). Organoleptic properties, including appearance, aroma, taste, and overall acceptability, were evaluated using a 20-point hedonic scale over two years and pooled data. Results revealed significant differences among treatments. Rootstock R2 consistently recorded higher scores across all organoleptic parameters, with pooled appearance and aroma scores of 17.90 and 18.16, respectively, compared to R1. Among varieties, V2 exhibited superior performance, with the highest pooled appearance (17.47) and aroma (17.31) scores, followed by V3 and V1. Cane regulation influenced appearance but had a non-significant effect on aroma, with C3 recording the highest pooled scores for appearance (15.78) and aroma (16.13). Interaction effects were significant, with the combination R2V2C3 achieving the highest scores for both appearance (20.68) and aroma (20.05). The findings demonstrate that rootstock 110 R, Medica variety, and a 24-cane regulation approach significantly enhance the sensory quality of wine in semi-arid conditions. These results emphasize the importance of integrating rootstock selection and cane regulation to optimize wine quality. The study provided valuable insights for viticultural practices in similar agro-climatic regions, contributing to sustainable and high-quality wine production systems.
AbstractThe Colletotrichum capsici incited anthracnose/fruit rot posing a serious threat to commercial chilli production in India. In the present study, the fungal endophytes from chilli were explored in effort to combat the pathogen. 19 endophytic fungal isolates isolated from leaf, stem and root of healthy chilli plant exhibited antagonistic activity against C. capsici in dual culture assay under in vitro. Among them endophyte, UHSFS5 demonstrated the highest pathogen mycelial inhibition (74.68 %). Based on the cultural and morphological characteristics UHSFS5 was identified to be belonged to Aspergillus genus. Upon its accurate molecular identification, pathogenicity and enumerating its efficacy in pot and field and accurate molecular identification it may be employed to combat the chilli anthracnose disease.
AbstractPhalsa (Grewia subinaequalis), belonging to the Tiliaceae family, is a bushy plant adapted to the arid and semi-arid regions of India. Known for its hardiness, it thrives in diverse soil and climatic conditions where other fruit crops often fail. Phalsa fruits are valued for their exceptional medicinal and nutritional properties. Although traditionally propagated by seeds in India, the rapid loss of seed viability has made vegetative propagation a more reliable method, ensuring true-to- type plants and simplifying cultivation. An experiment conducted by the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, evaluated the impact of different potting media on the growth characteristics of phalsa cuttings. The study was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Results showed that hardwood cuttings planted in a mixture of Soil + Farmyard Manure (1:1) exhibited superior performance, with the shortest number of days taken for sprouting (10.21), highest number of sprouts per cutting (6.60), number of leaves per cutting (8.74), leaf area per cutting (15.08 cm 2 ), length of longest root per rooted cutting (18.51 cm), survival percentage of rooted cuttings (70.78%), fresh weight of the roots (3.22 g) and dry weight of the roots (0.95 g).
AbstractGerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) a popular cut flower from the Asteraceae family, whose cultivation in semi-arid regions diversifies income and offers profitable market opportunities, enabling scientists develop techniques suited to these conditions. Although, flower production in northern part is limited compared to southern parts of the state, it still contributes to the sector, especially as floriculture gaining traction. The present study was conducted to assess vegetative and flower characteristics of seven gerbera varieties (Intense, Chique, Camilla, Sam Dom, Ritmo, Beaker and Ankur) with three replications using Randomized block design (RBD) at the College of Horticulture, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka under polyhouse conditions. Results showed that vegetative characters like plant spread (63.89 cm), leaf length (30.03 cm) and leaf breadth (16.40 cm) was highest in the variety Intense. Plant height (54.20) was highest in Chique, maximum no of leaves per plant was produced by Beaker (28.17). Pertaining to flower characters, the maximum number of flowers per plant per month (3.93), stalk girth (6.30 mm) and flower diameter (11.3 cm) was highest in Intense. Stalk length (58.5 cm) was greater in Chique and maximum flower weight in Sam Dom (10.83 g). Hence, it was observed that the variety Intense performed best for most of the characters followed by Chique, Ankur, Ritmo, Camilla, Sam Dom and least by Beaker. In conclusion, the study identifies ’Intense’ as the most promising gerbera variety for semi-arid polyhouse conditions in northern Karnataka, demonstrating superior vegetative and floral traits compared to the other varieties tested.
AbstractOkra is grown all over the world during spring-summer season. Estimations based on interrelations among yield related characters are crucial in order to understand the selection process ultimately improving yield during breeding programme. Therefore, the present research was undertaken during Kharif 2019 using 26 different cultivars to examine the degree to which various yields and its linked traits are related to one another at the H.N.B. Garhwal University Srinagar (Garhwal) Pauri Garhwal Uttarakhand. The data regarding correlation study revealed that the at both the phenotypic as well as genotypic levels, the average weight of fruit, fruits per plant, petiole length, diameter of fruit, seed index, length of fruit and moisture content were all significantly and positively associated with yield. Whereas, pedicel length, length of leaf, epicalyx segments, chlorophyll content, plant height, nodes at first flowering, internodal length, number of ridges per fruit, primary branches per plant, days taken to first fruit harvest, days taken to first flowering and days taken to first fruit set showed negative correlation. Finally, it might be summed up that the selections based on positively associated traits might prove to be more advantageous during mapping out the selection processes in crop improvement plans in okra.
