Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder of pregnancy, characterized by glucose intolerance that is first recognized during gestation. Several maternal factors, such as advanced age, overweight or obesity, and family history of diabetes, contribute to its development. Effective glycemic control during pregnancy is essential to reduce adverse outcomes. This study aimed to identify the maternal risk factors associated with GDM and to evaluate patterns of glycemic control. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, at Anwer Khan Modern Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2025 to December 2025, including 58 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.0. Result: Overweight/obesity (60.3%), positive family history of diabetes (46.6%), previous GDM (24.1%), and polycystic ovary syndrome (19.0%) were common risk factors. Mean fasting glucose was 101.8 ± 12.6 mg/dL, 1-h OGTT was 188.4 ± 26.3 mg/dL, 2-h OGTT was 164.7 ± 21.9 mg/dL, and glycated hemoglobin was.9 ± 0.6%. Glycemic control was achieved with lifestyle alone in 41.4%, oral agents in 31.0%, and insulin in 27.6%. Overall, 67.2% had adequate control, whereas poor control (32.8%) was associated with higher body mass index, age ≥30 years, family history, and insulin requirement, with post-prandial hyperglycemia more frequent than fasting. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that GDM is closely linked to advanced maternal age, pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity, a positive family history of diabetes, and unfavorable glycemic patterns during pregnancy. A considerable number of women required pharmacological treatment alongside lifestyle interventions, and almost one-third did not achieve adequate glycemic control, with post-prandial hyperglycemia occurring more frequently than fasting hyperglycemia.
Introduction: Infertility is a growing global health concern that affects millions of couples, causing significant emotional, psychological, and social distress. Uterine abnormalities are recognized as a major contributing factor to female infertility, often remaining undiagnosed by conventional imaging techniques alone. Office hysteroscopy has emerged as a valuable, minimally invasive procedure that allows direct visualization of the uterine cavity, offering both diagnostic accuracy and patient comfort. Its role in identifying subtle intrauterine abnormalities makes it an essential component of modern infertility workup. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a district-level hospital in Cox’s Bazar, from January 2023 to December 2023, involving 95 women undergoing infertility evaluation. Women with known uterine anomalies previously diagnosed, active pelvic infections, or those unwilling to undergo hysteroscopy were excluded. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25. Results: In this study of 95 infertile women, office hysteroscopy identified intrauterine abnormalities in 51.6% of cases, with endometrial polyps (16.8%) and intrauterine adhesions (11.6%) being the most common findings. A septate uterus was observed in 7.4% of women, primarily among those with primary infertility. A strong correlation (77.4%) was noted between abnormal hysterosalpingography and hysteroscopic findings. The procedure was well tolerated by 89.5% of patients, with only minor discomfort and no major complications reported. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that office hysteroscopy is an effective, minimally invasive, and well-tolerated diagnostic tool for evaluating intrauterine abnormalities in infertile women, offering a reliable balance between diagnostic precision and patient comfort. With over half of the women in this study found to have intrauterine pathologies, particularly endometrial polyps, adhesions, and a septate uterus, office hysteroscopy significantly enhances the detection of subtle uterine factors that may contribute to infertility.
Background: Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most prevalent primary headache disorder worldwide and is a major cause of functional impairment. Despite its high burden, the psychiatric comorbidities of TTH, particularly major depressive disorder (MDD), remain inadequately characterized, with limited evidence regarding their demographic and clinical correlates. Objective: To assess the association between MDD and patients with TTH. Methods: This hospital-based study was conducted at KPJ Specialized Hospital, Gazipur, Bangladesh, from September 2018 to December 2024, enrolling 4653 patients with clinically diagnosed TTH. Participants underwent a standardized clinical evaluation and psychiatric assessment for MDD. Sociodemographic data, psychiatric comorbidities, and psychosomatic symptoms were systematically recorded. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26. Results: Among 4653 patients with TTH, 153 (3.3%) had comorbid MDD. Prevalence was higher in females, with 138 of 3223 (4.3%) affected, compared to 15 of 1430 males (1.0%, P < 0.001). Age ≥46 years showed 84 of 681 patients (12.4%) with MDD, versus 28 of 2389 (1.1%) in ≤30 years and 41 of 1623 (2.5%) in 31–45 years. Anxiety affected 100 (65.4%), insomnia 96 (62.7%), and chronic pain 54 (35.3%) of MDD cases. Conclusion: MDD affects 3.3% of patients with TTH and is strongly associated with female sex, age ≥46 years, anxiety, insomnia, and chronic pain, highlighting the need for routine psychiatric assessment in high-risk patients.
Background: Micro-ear surgery demands an immaculate surgical field, yet conventional anesthesia often leads to capillary ooze that obscures delicate structures. Controlled hypotensive anesthesia (CHA) is a strategy to mitigate this by reducing mean arterial pressure, but its comparative effectiveness in micro-ear surgery requires further validation. Objective: To compare the effect of CHA versus normotensive anesthesia on intraoperative blood loss and surgical field visibility in patients undergoing micro-ear surgery. Methods: A case-control study was conducted at Ibn Sina Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2023 to December 2024. A total of 80 patients were selected via purposive sampling: 40 cases received CHA, and 40 controls received standard normotensive anesthesia. Intraoperative blood loss was measured volumetrically. Surgical field visibility was assessed by the blinded primary surgeon using the 6-point scale at regular intervals. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.0. Results: The CHA group (n = 40) demonstrated significantly lower mean intraoperative blood loss (47.8 ± 10.5 mL) compared to the control group (101.2 ± 20.3 mL; P < 0.001). Surgical field visibility was superior in the CHA group, with 72.5% of cases rated as excellent/good versus 7.5% in controls (P < 0.001). No significant difference in surgery duration or major complications was observed between the groups. Conclusion: CHA significantly reduces blood loss and improves surgical field visibility in micro-ear surgery without increasing operative time or major complications. It is a recommended technique for optimizing surgical conditions in these delicate procedures.
Agricultural workers, fungal infection, prevalence, skin disease, tropical dermatology Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 108 school-going children aged 5–14 years in selected rural schools of Gazipur, Bangladesh, from January 2025 to December 2025, to assess the prevalence and risk factors of scabies. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26. Results: Among 108 school-going children, scabies prevalence was 31.5%, with most affected children aged 10–14 years (61.1%) and male (57.4%). Common clinical features included nocturnal itching (91.2%), rash (85.3%), and burrows (50.0%), with 70.6% reporting a positive family history. Hygiene practices showed irregular bathing (43.5%), irregular soap use (32.4%), and sharing of clothes (53.7%) or bedding (59.3%). Overcrowding, family history, irregular bathing, and shared bedding were significant predictors, with adjusted odds ratios of 3.21, 3.76, 2.89, and 2.47, respectively. Conclusion: Scabies continues to pose a major health problem among school-aged children in rural Bangladesh, affecting 31.5% of the study population. Key factors associated with infestation included overcrowded living conditions, infrequent bathing, sharing of bedding, and a family history of scabies.
Background: Asymptomatic malaria infections are hidden reservoirs that sustain transmission cycles and thwart elimination efforts in endemic communities. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of asymptomatic malaria infection among Bouar adults in the Western Central African Republic (CAR). Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out among 234 adults aged ≥18 years in Bouar, Western CAR, from June 2024 to November 2024. Participants were enrolled using systematic random sampling from the health camps. Sociodemographic data, medical history, and preventive measures were obtained using structured questionnaires. Clinical examination and venous blood sampling for hematological and biochemical tests were undertaken. Malaria infection was diagnosed by rapid diagnostic tests and confirmatory light microscopy. Asymptomatic malaria was defined as microscopic parasite detection in afebrile individuals. Data were analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26, including descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis using Chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors. Results: Asymptomatic malaria frequency was 10.3% (24/234). Rural residence was the strongest predictor of infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28–13.2, P = 0.010). Both use of mosquito nets (aOR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.16–0.91, P = 0.030) and repellents (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.18–0.97, P = 0.040) were significantly protective. All microscopy-positive participants resided in rural areas and did not use mosquito nets or repellents. Anemia was more prevalent in infected participants (16.7% vs. 11.4%, P = 0.02). Conclusion: Asymptomatic malaria exists in one in ten Bouar adults, with rural residence being the primary risk factor. Vector control measures provide strong protection but are ominously underused. Rural-specific strategies for vector control use and socioeconomic barriers are needed to reduce this hidden reservoir of transmission.
Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the common Endocrine diseases among women of reproductive age. The syndrome presents as one of the major problems of involuntary subfertility in women. PCOS presents clinically as hyperandrogenism, ovulatory disorders, and/or polycystic change in ovaries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the demographical, anthropometrical, and clinical data of subfertile women suffering from PCOS and those not suffering from PCOS. Methods: This study design is a cross-sectional study comparing the subjects at a point in time for the researchers. This study was carried out at the Fertility Care Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from June 2015 to November 2015. In all, 146 women subjects were selected for the study, equally divided into two study groups – Group A: 73 women presenting primary or secondary infertility with PCOS, and Group B: 73 women presenting primary infertility without PCOS. Statistical analysis was done using the statistical program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 25.0. Results: In 146 cases of primary sub-fertility, those with PCOS were similar to those that did not have PCOS with respect to factors, such as age, education, and occupation; however, differences were seen in that Group A included more 31–35-year-olds, whereas Group B included more ≤30-year-olds. Body mass index (BMI) was found to be significantly elevated in patients with PCOS, with more overweight patients, while most patients in all groups had a normal BMI. Hirsutism was found to be more prevalent in patients with PCOS. Conclusion: Accordingly, in concluding, it could be noted that in sub-fertile women affected by PCOS, BMI values as well as cases of hirsutism have been found to be significantly higher in comparison to women not affected by PCOS, whereas regarding age, as well as level of education and occupation, it has been found that they are quite at par.
Introduction: Incomplete abortion is a frequent complication of spontaneous and induced pregnancy loss and has a significant burden on the maternal morbidity, especially in low-resource environments. Issues such as advanced gestational age, late presentation, anemia, and unsafe abortion practices may predispose the risk of incomplete abortion and its associated complications. This paper will establish the risk factors that are linked to incomplete abortions. Methods: This retrospective observational study was done at Popular Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between July 2024 and June 2025 and comprised 68 women who had incomplete abortion, which is defined as the retention of products of conception following spontaneous or induced abortion. The statistical analysis of the data obtained was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.0. Results: In 68 women who had incomplete abortion, the majority of those women were aged between 20 and 39 (75%), urban (57.4%), and multigravida (73.5%). All of them reported vaginal bleeding, 85.3% complained of abdominal pain. Risk factors such as anemia (39.7%), late presentation (>24 h) (29.4%), and misoprostol use without supervision (22.1) were common. The predominant method of management was manual vacuum aspiration (60.3%), with complications in 38.2% of cases, most often infection (16.2%). Conclusion: This research discovered that incomplete abortions were prevalent among women aged between 20 and 29 years, those with lower socioeconomic statuses, and those with multiparous status. The percentage of abortions attempted after 8–12 weeks of gestation and with the attempts having been medical or unsafe by the time they were attempted, with the provided example being frequently an untrained provider.
Introduction: Early detection of retinal disease is necessary to prevent loss of vision, but conventional imaging usually misses subclinical changes. In this study, the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of multimodal retinal imaging were evaluated, with particular focus given to the incremental value of the combination of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT). Methods: This prospective study was conducted at Aichi Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2024 to December 2024 and enrolled 80 at-risk adults who underwent comprehensive retinal imaging (SD-OCT, OCTA, ultra-widefield [UWF] color fundus, fundus autofluorescence, microperimetry, and UWF fluorescein angiography when feasible). Two masked graders assessed lesions, and progression was evaluated at 3 months using biomarker thresholds. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences v26, including diagnostic accuracy, regression, and decision curve analysis. Results: 57.5% were identified with SD-OCT and 61.3% with OCTA in early/subclinical lesions. The combination of OCTA and SD-OCT substantially enhanced the diagnostic performance (area under the curve increased from 0.78 to 0.86, P = 0.042) with substantial net reclassification improvement of 0.43, P = 0.018. Diabetes mellitus (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.42, P = 0.036) and OCTA performance (aOR 2.76, P = 0.019) were predictive for lesion detection. Management was changed in 27.5% of the cases. At 3-month follow-up (n = 60), there was noteworthy advancement of a number of biomarkers, including OCTA vessel density (−1.1%, P < 0.001) and microperimetry sensitivity (−0.6 dB, P = 0.005). There was an advancement in 23.3% of patients followed. Conclusion: Multimodal retinal imaging significantly enhances early disease detection, with OCTA providing high incremental value over conventional SD-OCT. The approach is highly practical and clinically beneficial for detection and monitoring.
Introduction: Scabies is a common contagious skin infestation caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis, affecting millions of children worldwide, particularly in low-resource settings. It is associated with intense pruritus, secondary infections, and significant disruption to daily life. Children are especially vulnerable due to close contact in schools and households, overcrowding, and limited access to hygiene facilities. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of scabies and identify associated risk factors among school-going children in rural areas of Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 108 school-going children aged 5–14 years in selected rural schools of Gazipur, Bangladesh, from January 2025 to December 2025, to assess the prevalence and risk factors of scabies. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26. Results: Among 108 school-going children, scabies prevalence was 31.5%, with most affected children aged 10–14 years (61.1%) and male (57.4%). Common clinical features included nocturnal itching (91.2%), rash (85.3%), and burrows (50.0%), with 70.6% reporting a positive family history. Hygiene practices showed irregular bathing (43.5%), irregular soap use (32.4%), and sharing of clothes (53.7%) or bedding (59.3%). Overcrowding, family history, irregular bathing, and shared bedding were significant predictors, with adjusted odds ratios of 3.21, 3.76, 2.89, and 2.47, respectively. Conclusion: Scabies continues to pose a major health problem among school-aged children in rural Bangladesh, affecting 31.5% of the study population. Key factors associated with infestation included overcrowded living conditions, infrequent bathing, sharing of bedding, and a family history of scabies.
Introduction: Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer related deaths in the world as well as in Bangladesh. In both male and female Non Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ( NSCLC) are the major type of Lung cancer. Molecular and genetic profiling has been made in the recent times, which has led to a significant improvement in treatment outcomes, survival, and quality of life, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) rearrangements, and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, which were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Methods: It is a retrospective study that was done at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Dhaka, between January 2022 and December 2023, with 220 patients diagnosed with NSCLC. RT-PCR was done to analyze EGFR mutation, and IHC was done to analyze ALK, ROS1, and PD-L1 by Ventana systems. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20 was used to conduct statistical analysis, and patient outcomes after targeted therapy with or without chemotherapy were analyzed. Results: The mean age was 63.5 (range of 41–80) years with a male-to-female ratio of 2.6:1. The best-described subtype was adenocarcinoma (81.8%). The prevalence of EGFR mutation was observed in 20% of cases, and then, ALK (2.7%), ROS1 (1.8%), and PD-L1 positivity followed (3.6%). The most common EGFR mutation was exon 19 deletion (50%). Patients of Stage II and III had a better therapeutic response as compared to those of Stage IV. Targeted therapy showed better results in contrast to standard chemotherapy. Conclusion: Although the economic constraints limit the use of molecular testing as a universal method in Bangladesh, patients who underwent molecular testing responded positively to either targeted or immunotherapies, especially patients with EGFR exon 18 and 19 mutations and PD-L1 positive cases.
Introduction: Colles’ fracture is one of the most common fractures of the upper limb, particularly among older adults, and appropriate early management is crucial for optimal functional recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of traditional bone setters (TBS) and informal treatment practices on the clinical and functional outcomes of Colles’ fractures, while also exploring the socio-cultural and economic factors influencing patients’ initial treatment choices. Methods: This mixed-methods study was conducted at 250 Beded General Hospital, Kurigram, Bangladesh, from July 2024 to June 2025, and included 50 consecutive patients diagnosed with Colles’ fractures. Adult patients presenting with a history of distal radius fracture, with or without prior treatment from TBS or other informal practitioners, were enrolled. Data were entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.0. Results: Initial care was sought from TBS or informal providers by 72.0%, while only 28.0% presented directly to formal healthcare facilities, resulting in delayed presentation beyond one week in 46.0% of cases. Common complications included malunion (34.0%), joint stiffness (28.0%), and chronic pain (22.0%), with only 20.0% having no complications. Functional outcomes were excellent or good in 54.0% and fair or poor in 46.0%. Low cost (66.7%), easy accessibility (58.3%), fear of surgery (50.0%), and cultural beliefs (44.4%) were the main reasons for choosing traditional or informal treatment. Conclusion: This study highlights the continued widespread use of TBS and informal care for the management of Colles’ fractures in Bangladesh, which is linked to delayed access to formal healthcare, increased complications, and poorer functional recovery. Factors such as financial limitations, ease of access, cultural trust, and apprehension toward surgical treatment played a major role in shaping patients’ initial care-seeking decisions.
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is now well acknowledged as a major contributor to the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study examined the correlation between MetS and the angiographic burden of CAD in individuals with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 192 NSTEMI patients who underwent coronary angiography at a tertiary cardiac center located in Bangladesh. Patients were divided into two groups: MetS (n = 96) and non-MetS (n = 96). The severity of angiographic findings was assessed using the vessel score, total stenosis score (TSS), and extension score (ES). Correlation and multivariable regression analyses were conducted to determine the predictors of CAD burden. Results: The MetS group had significantly higher mean vessel score (2.12 vs. 1.66; P < 0.001), TSS (9.26 vs. 6.06; P < 0.001), and ES (53.7% vs. 39.1%; P < 0.001). Triple vessel disease and high-burden lesions were markedly more prevalent in MetS patients. Waist circumference, elevated blood pressure, triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol independently predicted CAD burden. MetS score correlated positively with all angiographic severity indices. Conclusion: MetS is strongly associated with greater angiographic severity of CAD in NSTEMI, underscoring its role as a key modifiable risk cluster. Addressing MetS may be critical in preventing severe coronary outcomes.
Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the prevalent work-related musculoskeletal disorders, leading to reduced productivity and functional impairment among workers, especially in industries where the job is demanding. The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence of LBP among workers in industries in Bangladesh and the associated risk factors. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study that was done among 52 industrial workers in the country of Bangladesh from January 2024 to December 2024. The data collection was based on a pretested structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic variables, occupational characteristics, individual risk factors, and the presence and severity of pain in the lower back. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.0. Results: In the study involving 52 industrial workers, the dominant participants were males (78.8%), aged between 31 and 40 years (40.4%), and performed manual/heavy work (55.8%), with 65.4% of them working more than 8 h daily and 69.2% having worked with the company for more than 5 years. Results showed that LBP occurred commonly among 63.5% of the industrial workers. LBP was associated significantly with age over 40 years and work duration (P < 0.05), while obesity and smoking were not significant. Conclusion: Lower back pain was found to be quite prevalent (63.5%) among the industry workforce in Bangladesh and had strong associations with strenuous work activities, increasing age, and increasing service duration. The major contributing factors from the occupational point of view included heavy lifting, frequent bending, prolonged standing, and inadequate rest intervals.
Background: Hypertension is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and is increasingly observed among young adults, including healthcare professionals. Office-based blood pressure measurement (OBPM) may fail to detect masked or white-coat hypertension and abnormal circadian patterns. This study aimed to assess 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) profiles among resident doctors in a tertiary care hospital in Uttarakhand. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 89 resident doctors (57 males and 32 females) underwent OBPM and 24-h ABPM. Participants were classified as normotensive, hypertensive, masked hypertensive, or white-coat hypertensive. Nocturnal dipping patterns were evaluated. Associations with gender, department, and dipping status were analyzed using Chi-square tests. Results: OBPM identified 21 (23.6%) hypertensive participants. ABPM revealed 17 (19.1%) true hypertensives, 11 (12.4%) masked hypertensives, and 5 (5.6%) white-coat hypertensives. Dipping assessment showed 34 (38.2%) dippers, 45 (50.6%) non-dippers, and 10 (11.2%) indeterminate. Non-dipping status was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of 24-h, daytime, and nighttime hypertension (P < 0.01). Gender and departmental affiliation were not significantly related to ABPM-derived hypertension. Conclusion: ABPM detected hidden hypertension and abnormal circadian patterns not evident on OBPM. Masked hypertension affected 12.4%, and non-dipping patterns were present in over 50% of residents, reflecting potential occupational influences on blood pressure regulation. Routine ABPM screening in high-stress occupational groups such as resident doctors may enable early intervention, reducing long-term cardiovascular risk.
Background: Elective supratentorial craniotomy remains a cornerstone of neurosurgical practice, where achieving optimal intraoperative brain relaxation is crucial for surgical exposure and neurological safety. Mannitol has long been the standard osmotic agent. Hypertonic saline (HS) offers a promising alternative by reducing brain volume while maintaining intravascular volume and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). This study aimed to evaluate and compare two intraoperative brain relaxation strategies during elective supratentorial craniotomy. Methods: This prospective, randomized comparative study was conducted on 80 adult patients undergoing elective supratentorial craniotomy at the Department of Neuro-Anaesthesia, Neurosciences and Hospital (NINS), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January, 2024 to December, 2024. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 20% mannitol (1 g/kg) or 3% HS (5 mL/kg) for intraoperative brain relaxation. Patients with renal impairment, abnormal sodium levels, uncontrolled hypertension, heart failure, or pregnancy were excluded. Standardized general anesthesia and ventilation were maintained, with cerebrospinal fluid drainage or mild hyperventilation used as adjuncts when necessary. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v26, and a P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 80 adult patients undergoing elective supratentorial craniotomy, satisfactory brain relaxation was achieved in 80% of those receiving HS compared with 60% in the mannitol group (P = 0.027). HS also resulted in fewer intracranial pressure (ICP) spikes ≥20 mmHg (30% vs. 50%, P = 0.012) and more consistent maintenance of CPP ≥60 mmHg (85% vs. 70%, P = 0.002). Hemodynamic stability was better with HS, though not statistically significant, while serum sodium levels were higher as expected. Conclusion: HS achieved superior intraoperative brain relaxation compared with mannitol during elective supratentorial craniotomy, offering better control, improved cerebral perfusion, and greater hemodynamic ICP stability without increasing adverse effects. It represents an effective and safe alternative osmotherapy for optimizing surgical conditions and patient outcomes.
Background: Preterm low-birth-weight (LBW) neonates represent a critically vulnerable population in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). This study evaluated the clinical complications, interventions, and short-term outcomes among preterm LBW neonates admitted to a tertiary-level NICU in Bangladesh. Methods: This retrospective observational study included all preterm LBW neonates admitted to the NICU of Bangladesh Specialized Hospital from June to December 2024. Demographic characteristics, therapeutic interventions, and short-term outcomes were analyzed. Binary logistic regression identified independent predictors of survival. Results: Seventy-two neonates were included; 50.0% were early preterm, and 87.5% weighed <1,500 g. The most common complications were respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (80.6%), jaundice (84.7%), hypoglycemia (38.9%), and sepsis (22.2%). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was used in 80.6% of cases, while only 4.2% required mechanical ventilation; surfactant therapy was not used. The mean NICU stay was 14.8 ± 8.2 days. Overall, survival was 95.8 %, with three deaths – all in extremely LBW, early-preterm infants. Logistic regression showed that each additional week of gestation (odds ratio [OR] 1.68; P = 0.004) and each extra kilogram of birth weight (OR 3.06; P = 0.022) significantly increased survival, while RDS showed a borderline negative association (OR 0.42; P = 0.061). Follow-up attendance on day 7 post-discharge was 100%, and early readmission occurred in 4.2% of cases. Conclusion: Preterm LBW neonates can achieve higher survival in specialized NICUs with administration of early CPAP care, proper monitoring, and structured follow-up. Gestational age, birth weight, and adequate duration of intensive support remain the key determinants of outcome.
Background: Genu varum and genu valgum are common angular deformities in children, which may affect gait, joint alignment, and long-term musculoskeletal health if left untreated. Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis using an eight-plate provides a minimally invasive method for guided correction. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of eight-plate hemiepiphysiodesis in correcting these deformities. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental prospective interventional study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2021 at Dhaka Medical College Hospital and selected private hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study included 20 children with clinically and radiologically confirmed genu varum (n = 4) or genu valgum (n = 16) undergoing temporary hemiepiphysiodesis with an eight-plate. Clinical and radiographic follow-up was performed every 3 months, and implants were removed after achieving correction. Data on demographics, deformity type, side and bone involvement, radiological parameters, and outcomes were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.0. Results: Mean age was 7.9 ± 3.8 years; 75% were male. In genu varum, intercondylar distance improved from 13.25 ± 2.37 cm to 8.5 ± 0.33 cm. In genu valgum, inter-malleolar distance decreased from 13.19 ± 1.60 cm to 9.44 ± 1.01 cm, with mechanical lateral distal femoral angle improving from 78.75° to 84.85° and medial proximal tibial angle from 89.25° to 88°. Overall, 95% of patients achieved satisfactory outcomes. Conclusion: Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis using an eight-plate is a safe and effective method for correcting genu varum and genu valgum in children, enabling controlled gradual correction while preserving normal growth.
Introduction: Infertility affects a significant proportion of couples worldwide and poses not only medical but also psychological and social challenges. Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a widely used first-line assisted reproductive technique for selected couples due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and less invasive nature compared to in vitro fertilization. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the factors influencing the success rates of IUI in infertile couples attending a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pongu and General Hospital, Khulna, Bangladesh, from March 2024 to August 2024, including 56 infertile couples undergoing IUI. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.0. Results: Among 56 couples undergoing IUI, the overall clinical pregnancy rate was 21.4%. Higher success rates were seen in women <35 years (31.8%), with infertility duration <5 years (28.6%), and secondary infertility (25%). Pregnancy was more likely with ≥2 preovulatory follicles (33.3%), endometrial thickness ≥8 mm (29.4%), and post-wash motile sperm count >10 million (30%). Conclusion: This study highlights that the age of the female partner, duration of infertility, number of preovulatory follicles, endometrial thickness, and motile sperm count are significant predictors of IUI success. Higher pregnancy rates were observed in women under 35 years, with infertility duration <5 years, adequate endometrial thickness (>8 mm), multiple preovulatory follicles, and optimal post-wash sperm motility.
Background: Dyslipidemia is increasingly recognized as a contributor to renal dysfunction, yet community-level evidence from rural South Asia remains limited. This study examined the association between traditional lipid fractions and renal function among adults in a rural Bangladeshi cohort. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 201 adults from Baidyerbazar Union, Sonargaon, Bangladesh. Sociodemographic, clinical, and biochemical data were collected through structured interviews and fasting blood tests. Renal function was assessed using serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease), and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). Traditional lipid markers (triglycerides [TG], total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]) and non-traditional markers (apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein [a]) were measured. Correlation analyses and group comparisons were performed. Results: Mean lipid levels indicated widespread dyslipidemia: TG 182.98 ± 104.94 mg/dL, TC 196.35 ± 47.44 mg/dL, LDL-C 121.04 ± 39.07 mg/dL, and HDL-C 38.97 ± 6.65 mg/dL. Albuminuria (ACR ≥30 mg/g) was present in 23.4% of participants. eGFR showed significant inverse correlations with TG (r = −0.242, P = 0.001), TC (r = −0.342, P < 0.001), and LDL-C (r = −0.258, P < 0.001). Participants with renal impairment had significantly higher TG, TC, and LDL-C (all P < 0.01). Non-traditional lipid markers showed limited association with renal indices. Conclusion: Traditional lipid abnormalities are strongly linked to early renal dysfunction in this rural Bangladeshi population. Community-based lipid and renal screening may facilitate early identification of high-risk individuals.
