— Considering the optimization of the material handling route between facilities, the orientation of the material loading and unloading points in the layout of the operation unit, and the representation method in the overall coordinate system of the layout, this paper proposes a method for designing the material handling route along the aisle to accurately calculate the material handling distance. In the case of predictable demand, the cost (material handling cost and facility reconstruction cost) is set as the minimum objective, comprehensively consider the process constraint, space constraint, and time constraint dynamic facility layout optimization model, and design a piecewise coding genetic algorithm for the established model. The optimal layout strategy under multi-plan product production conditions is obtained, together with the optimal reconstruction strategy, facility entrance and exit orientation strategy. Finally, an example is used to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.
It is not always easy for consumers to estimate ecological factors of products. These characteristics of products from production to disposal are trust characteristics, because they “are not written on its forehead”. In a few consumption areas eco-labels are established, e.g. food. In others, they are not, e.g. transportation. There is a need of transparent and believable information to teach consumers. Information, training and education can empower people to make well-founded decisions. In many social groups (sinus milieus) informing is not enough. The awareness of sustainability is quite low and additional measures needed. Motivation, reflexion, coinage and economic benefits are the key to get these people to act more environmental-friendly. Measures like these are soft policies in the field of transportation and mobility. There are no restrictions or changes to the infrastructure. Soft policies are implemented much faster and with lower financial investment. In 1993 Dwyer et al. investigated different types of soft policy measures to preserve the environment, so called interventions to change individual behaviour and decisions and diffusions to spread changes into community and to penetrate all social groups. More than a quarter century later digital mediums and a high level of social connection and interaction opened up new ways to intervene and diffuse. This paper presents new formats based on the development of 1993 tested formats. Formats are compared to Dwyer et al., Mosler and Schade.
The article includes an analysis involving the requirements for the adaptation of rolling stock for use by people with movement dysfunction. The requirements including construction and dimensions have been summarized and detailed conditions necessary to ensure the assumed level of travel comfort for people with reduced mobility with real examples of solutions used in currently operated railway vehicles. The focus was on the requirements set out in Regulation No 1300/2014 regarding technical design and construction solutions for adapting railways to the transport of disabled people, TSI PRM. Based on the collected material, an analysis of the compliance of the actual state with the theoretical one, included in the standard, was carried out. Elements designed and manufactured in a manner consistent with the recommendations contained in the standard, as well as those that require a re-analysis of rolling stock constructors, repair or necessary changes are indicated. The components analyzed included, among others, seating positions, movement zone - including internal and external doors, toilets or platforms enabling access to the interior of the vehicle The opinion of disabled people using rail transport was also included by conducting a survey and performing analysis and then interpretation of the data obtained. Basing on this analysis, solutions that will increase the comfort of travelling for people with disabilities have been proposed.
With the capacity limitation of the assembly line buffer area, a method for solving the mixed flow assembly line balancing problem considering material supply strategy is proposed. This paper analyzes the changes in material transportation time and assembly time due to different supply strategies, and proposes a method for jointly modeling the assembly line balancing and material supply problem. In the case of meeting the production cycle, with the buffer area capacity as the limit and the shortest production operation time as the goal, a joint optimization model including material handling time, material transportation time and assembly line working time is established, and the model is designed for the established model Genetic algorithm with piecewise coding. Finally, the proposed algorithm was evaluated using a workshop raw date， the simulation results show that although the indirect supply cost is relatively more than the direct supply, it can effectively alleviate the problem of the capacity limitation of the buffer area.
The road cargo transportation system has significant representativeness in the Brazilian economic scenario. Companies depend on transportation to receive inputs from their suppliers and take their products to consumers. This modal is also the major consumer of fuel oil products in the transportation sector. Thus, it is necessary to act with a focus on sustainability, considering the economic, social and environmental aspects. From this perspective, this study aims to present aspects of the concept of sustainability in the Brazilian road freight transportation sector, with emphasis on the environmental, social and economic dimensions. A qualitative research approach was used with the literature research technique in order to build the theoretical basis for discussion on the dimensions of sustainability in Brazilian road freight transportation. The results show that the road cargo transportation sector is relevant for the country and seeks to fulfill its social role and be economically viable; requires attention to environmental awareness and eco-efficiency; should make efforts to use alternatives to avoid damage to the environment, applying technologies to reduce noise pollution, GHG emissions; and seek to comply with environmental legislation acting in a sustainable manner.
Investment in transportation can bring a range of economic, social, and environmental benefits. In order to manage resources effectively and to choose the best decision from a variety of investment options for the transportation projects, transportation model is normally used, moreover it can help in predicting the impact of these transportation project options on traveler’s mobility based on future changes in land uses, population, jobs, and other economic factors. Transportation modelling outputs will support in assessing transportation project options and setting the transportation investments priorities. Trip generation is considered the first step in four-stage transport modelling. It estimates the number of trips produced or attracted by households' members over one full day. In the paper, trip generation regression models were developed using household surveys for villas and apartments. The regression models for Villa is (0.357+1.3681X1+2.4914X2) were X1 and X2 and the number of people with driving license and number of active people (employees and students) respectively with an R2 of 0.65 , on the other hand the regression model for the apartment is (0.5323+0.9815X1+2.3961X2) with R2 of 0.54.
To determine whether external human–machine interfaces (eHMIs) make pedestrians careless toward the traffic environment, we examined the following four hypotheses: H1, the pedestrian decides to cross earlier after seeing a yielding message on an eHMI; H2, the pedestrian perceives safety after seeing a yielding message on an eHMI; H3, the pedestrian’s confirming behavior before crossing is suppressed after the pedestrian sees a yielding message on an eHMI; H4, miscommunication between pedestrians and automatic vehicles can be caused by yielding messages on an eHMI.
Cycling is a sustainable transport mode, especially in urban areas for short distances. Electric bikes and electric scooters are increasingly emerging into traffic network in cities in Sweden due to advantages related to accessibility, environment, etc. However, they bring questions in terms of traffic risk and accidents. The road infrastructure must be adapted to accommodate the increasing share of these new types of bikes in traffic. The study will assess both bikes and e-bikes safety according to exposure, risk and consequences. The study will review relevant literature on Traffic Calming Measures (TCMs). It will develop a conceptual framework to determine the impact of different TCMs (horizontal and vertical) on traffic safety for both traditional and e-bikes safety. Accident data from the Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition (STRADA) will be collected and analysed in order to identify roundabouts (as a chosen type of TCMs) with high accidents rates for cyclists in Norrkoping city in Sweden.
Understanding the urban traffic flow at intersections is helpful to formulate traffic control strategies, so as to ease traffic pressure and improve people's living standards. There are many related researches on traffic flow, and similarity research is one of them. Different from the traditional way, this paper studies the traffic flow from the perspective of image similarity. The Convolutional Variational Auto-Encoder (CVAE) is introduced to extract the low-dimensional features of traffic flow during a day, and Affinity Propagation (AP) clustering algorithm is used to cluster the features without real labels. Combining the clustering results with geographic coordinates reveals the distribution pattern of traffic flow. The experimental data includes about 10 million vehicle records at 650 intersections in Changsha on a certain day. The clustering results show that the traffic flow at the intersection of Changsha City can be divided into three categories according to the timevariant trends, and the distribution of each category basically conforms to the daily traffic laws of the city. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the clustering process is further verified by clustering the open source temporal data of different lengths.
Achieving an adequate level of quality of transport services is a prerequisite for providing transport services. Certain level of quality of transport services is essential for the operation of intercity road passenger transport due to the increasingly competitive competitiveness of road transport companies in the transport services market. The topic of this research is also based on the presented topic, primarily through a comprehensive and systematic presentation of the current scientific knowledge in the area of quality management in road passenger transport. The structure of the public road transport system and the quality of transport services are described. The paper presents the quality of transport services as the basis of business excellence of road transport companies. Various models of quality management of transport services are described, as well as methods of assessing the quality of transport services in road passenger transport. The review is displayed of the current scientific research on the elements of quality of transport services in road passenger transport. The purpose of the research is to improve the methodology for assessing the quality of transport services with the aim of optimizing business and competitiveness of the road transport company.
Usage-Based Insurance (UBI) is an application of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in the context of car insurance. UBI refers to insurance models in which insurers collect driving data using a telematics device. Based on the collected information, insurers can offer individual discounts depending on driving behaviour and provide feedback about each trip. Although there are plenty of advertising materials about the benefits of UBI, its user acceptance and usability have not received much research attention so far. To cover this gap, we conducted two user studies: semi-structured interviews with UBI users and a qualitative analysis of 186 customer inquiries concerning a UBI program from a web forum of a German insurer. We found that UBI can benefit drivers, insurers and society. Moreover, the country driving conditions, the policy conditions, the users’ perceived driving style, the perception of UBI, and the premium reduction influence UBI acceptance. Regarding traffic safety, some of our participants were concerned that UBI may provoke dangerous driving behaviour under certain circumstances. Finally, we make recommendations for insurers derived from users’ views, such as to provide to drivers more control over the user interface and over the way driving feedback is given to them. Concerning the driving scores, the ways in which they are calculated should be more transparent.
Emergency vehicles (EVs) play an important role in public service. And the EV’s timeliness and safety are very important. Focusing on the switch of the phases in a four-phase intersection, this paper presents a novel phase-changing model based on timed Petri nets (TPNs) for the traffic light system and proposes a method that uses TPNs to model the preemption of emergency vehicles in such an intersection. Our model ignores many actual details. By controlling the phases, our method ensures that the EVs can pass through the intersection with no or less delay, and the safety of the traffic model on emergency scene can be ensured. To our knowledge, we are the first to employ TPNs to model EV system on a four-phase intersection. The liveness and reversibility of such a TPN model are also verified through the reachability graph of the TPN.
Continuous increments in world population demands transportation with essential vehicle facilities and directly effect on road traffic volume or congestion, mostly in metropolitan cities, and thus it needs significant investigation, analysis, and maintenance. In these regards, an Intelligent Traffic Management System (ITMS) with a Deep-Neuro-Fuzzy model was proposed and implemented. Dijkstra algorithm is used to select optimum path from source to destination on the basis of calculated road segment weights from Deep-Neuro-Fuzzy framework. However, Deep-Neuro-Fuzzy framework needs some comprehensive analysis, other means some simulation or emulation, and etc, to proof the efficiency and workability of the model. In this paper, we are going to explore the Deep-Neuro-Fuzzy model in pragmatic style with an open-source traffic simulation model (SUMO) and helps to explore traffic-related issues including route choice, simulate traffic light or vehicular communication, etc in our ITMS. In addition, a new GUI is developed to control the simulation input attributes and presents the feedbacks into the traffic flow in SUMO environment. Results highlight that the proposed SUMO model can realistically simulate ITMS based on the road segment weights from Deep-Neuro-Fuzzy model. Different built-in routing algorithms are also used to proof the workability of this model.
Car tourists may make some additional stopovers for sightseeing, meal, shopping, or leisure activities which is not originally planned, to avoid becoming involved in the traffic congestion occurring on the homeward route. The objective of this paper is to examine whether this induced stopover behavior exists and to empirically analyze the tendency of additional stopovers by departure time periods for homeward trip and level of traffic congestions. An analysis of route search data and GPS travel trajectory data collected by mobile car navigation application is conducted. The study results show car tourists tend to have additional stopovers when the departure time for homeward trip is early, and differences in the tendency of additional stopovers by congestion levels are observed, implying the impact of traffic congestion on additional stopover behaviors to some extent. The study results suggest the possibility of promoting additional stopovers in tourism areas for congestion avoidance by providing predicted near future traffic congestion and surrounding tourism information, which is beneficial to both tourism promotion and traffic congestion mitigation.
This study presents the analysis of runway water depth predictions based on different placement of water depth gauges. Fuzzy logic method is used to set up the numerical runway water depth models for prediction. The influenced parameters of models include runway average macrotexture depth, drainage length, rainfall intensity and cross slope. The results showed acceptable runway water depth predictions can be obtained through the placement of either normal numbers of water depth gauges or fewer gauges in the experiment.
In order to significantly reduce the amount of testing required to validate the behavior of vehicle safety functions with real vehicles, the scenarios in the simulation must reproduce the traffic as realistically as possible. For this reason, a microscopic traffic flow simulation is used. Since the road users show a perfect behavior by default, driving errors have to be induced. The necessary adjustments in the existing driver models are presented schematically in this paper. These changes in the driving behavior ensure that some road users cause situations that are critical for others. Such scenarios are required as input data for testing vehicle safety functions in a vehicle dynamics simulation. A decisive factor for the quality with which a critical situation can be successfully managed by a vehicle safety function is the trigger time. For this purpose, approaches are presented for estimating the period in which a collision can still be avoided by braking or evasive maneuver. Three intersection scenarios illustrate the functioning of these criteria.
Modern computers have solved many complex and real time problems. These are also used to track and control vehicles in an efficient way. These types of systems not only reduce the manpower but also provide accurate results. In this paper, architecture of the autonomous and intelligent traffic system is presented. It controls the vehicle traffic on road and removes congestion. A microcontroller finds out current traffic density at the traffic signal and assigns opening time. Moreover, emergency vehicle is identified by using the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology and managed on the priority basis.
Dynamic real-time carpooling service needs to rapidly pair passengers with drivers if their routes are intersected on their ways to destinations. However, the previous studies comparing two routes on a gridded map take a long time and result in high errors. In this paper, we propose an accurate and rapid approach to compare two routes based on the concept of bounding boxes. In addition to the traditional brute force (BR) approach, we also developed three approaches using bounding boxes to compare two routes, which are 1-BB, n-BB, and t-BB. Our proposed approaches were successfully tested under 7626 pairs of the random generated routes on the eastern United States map. Furthermore, we also compared our approaches with Gjaldbæk’s gridding method for route comparing. The experimental results show that our proposed approaches are much faster than BR and Gjaldbæk’s approach, which can significantly improve the efficiency of pairing passengers with drivers in real-time carpooling systems.
Road accidents in Morocco cause more than 4,000 deaths each year and about 140 Million Dirhams (equivalent to about $14 million) of property damage. Many researchers have developed models to predict accidents and their causes, but it has not yet been possible to control this phenomenon, where the human factor plays a very important role. The dramatic increase of vehicle travel calls for an effective modeling of accidents prediction and their fatalities. In this paper, we propose an accident prediction model that relates accident frequency to various contributory factors, and is developed using linear regression techniques. In addition, this study investigates road traffic accident using descriptive statistics to compare the different modes of travel and other parameters. We will study particularly the region of Tangier who has known a great economic development in the last decade originating much traffic and displacements.
With the development of economy, highways play an important role in transportation system, especially for heavy highways. In order to learn traffic flow characterizes of heavy highway on rainy days, this study focuses on a heavy highway, Xuanda Highway, in Hebei Province. The research selects traffic data of seven days, collected by weigh-in-motion (WIM) system at Haierwa Bridge, to analyse the effect of rain on traffic flow characterizes, including volumes and speed. Specific issues evaluated that the traffic volumes were not sensitive to little rain, while speed of each time period has different degree of reduction during rainy days. The research further indicates people’s willingness to travel. In addition, the study quantifies the speed characteristics for each class, and the relationship between speed and heavy vehicle ratio on rainy days.
