Context and relevance. In the context of global population ageing, increasing attention is being paid to the development and evaluation of non-pharmacological interventions aimed at maintaining cognitive functioning and quality of life in older adults with normative ageing. Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST), which has demonstrated established effectiveness in clinical populations, is increasingly considered a potentially applicable model of structured cognitive and social activity in non-clinical populations. However, evidence regarding its feasibility and effects in normative ageing remains limited. Objective: to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy in older adults with normative ageing, and to obtain preliminary data on its effects on cognitive functioning and quality of life. Research questions. (RQ1) Assessment of participants’ evaluation of the effectiveness of CST and their level of satisfaction with the sessions among older adults with normative ageing. (RQ2) Assessment of the effects of CST on cognitive functioning and quality of life in older adults with normative ageing. (RQ3) Identification of potential modifications to the CST programme to optimise its implementation for older adults with normative ageing. Methods. A pilot pre–post study design was employed. The sample included 10 participants aged 59–81 years (M = 70.2 ± 6), of whom 5 took part in the CST programme. The intervention consisted of 14 sessions conducted twice weekly. Cognitive functioning was assessed using the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III), and quality of life was measured using the SF-36 Health Survey. Feasibility indicators (recruitment, retention, attendance), subjective acceptability (session feedback questionnaires), and qualitative data from interviews with both participants and non-participants were also analysed. Results. High acceptability and engagement were observed among participants: retention reached 100%, and mean satisfaction was 3.93 out of 4. At the same time, selective recruitment feasibility was identified, with a 50% refusal rate attributable to mismatched expectations, logistical constraints, and lack of perceived need. No statistically significant changes were found in overall ACE-III scores; however, trend-level improvements in associative processing speed and moderate effect sizes were observed. In terms of quality of life, significant improvements were found in social functioning and the mental health component. Individual profiles demonstrated heterogeneous cognitive trajectories alongside a consistent increase in indicators of psychological well-being. Conclusions. The pilot implementation of CST demonstrated that the programme is a feasible and acceptable intervention for normative ageing. Further studies with larger samples are required to confirm its efficacy.
Context and relevance. The problem of the impact of urban stress factors on mental health is becoming increasingly relevant in the context of urbanization. Living in cities is accompanied by increased psychophysiological stress, which leads to an increase in the prevalence of mental disorders among urban residents. Objective. The purpose of the article is to review foreign studies studying the influence of stress factors of the urban environment on the formation of mental disorders such as anxiety and depressive disorders, psychotic disorders and schizophrenia. Results. The paper analyzes research on the following parameters: the types of stress factors in the urban environment and the mechanisms of their influence on the formation of mental disorders. The symptoms of stress associated with life in the city are considered, as well as statistics on the prevalence of mental disorders among urban residents. The review identified stress symptoms associated with living in a big city, including social isolation, increased anxiety, restlessness, emotional stress, and sleep disorders. The main mechanisms of the influence of urban stress on the functioning of the brain, endocrine, nervous and immune systems, as well as from the point of view of epigenetic influence are presented. The results of research on the prevalence of mental illness among urban residents are presented.
Context and relevance. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused intense changes in all spheres of life of the global community. The speed with which living conditions change, the high level of uncertainty, and the formation of new types of activities have a significant impact on the picture of the modern human world that change the temporal focus. Objective. The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics and structure of the relationships between past, present, and future focuses among people with different severities of COVID-19. Methods and materials. To achieve this goal, 257 citizens (59.4% women, 40.6% men, Mean age = 53.59, SD = 11.68) living in the Chelyabinsk region, Russian Federation, were surveyed. The total sample was divided into four groups according to the severity of COVID-19. Temporal Focus Scale was used to study the content of the cognitive component of psychological time. Results. The results of the analysis generally confirm the basic hypothesis: the higher the severity of the disease, the more pronounced the focus on the past and the less pronounced the focus on the present. The identified features of the structure of the temporal focus confirm data on resource potential of psychological time, which is modified according to life situation and allows coping with difficulties. The nuclear characteristic that distinguishes a group of people according to the severity of their disease is immersion in the events of past, dominance of vivid memories among respondents.
Context and relevance. Many Russian adoptive parents choose to hide the fact of adoption from their adopted children, guided by the law on secrecy of adoption in the Family Code of the Russian Federation. Moreover, according to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, even after reaching the age of majority and the death of adoptive parents, adopted children do not have the right to obtain information about their biological parents without the consent of their adoptive parents. In the context of the growing number of adoptions, scientists are faced with the challenge of studying the psychological consequences of maintaining a secret of adoption and its disclosure in adulthood. Objective. To study the stability of identity in adults who learn about their adoption, as a factor influencing coping with traumatic experience. Hypotheses. There are statistically significant relationships between the characteristics of coping with a traumatic situation related to the disclosure of the secret of adoption and the identity stability of adults who have learned about their adoption. Additional hypotheses: 1) there are statistically significant differences between adult adopted children in terms of how they disclose the secret of their adoption; 2) there are differences between adults who have learned about their adoption and adults without adoption experience. Methods and materials. The study involved adults who learned about their adoption (M = 37.0; SD = 9.6; 90.2% women) as the main group (n = 61); adults with no experience of adoption (M = 43.1; SD = 10.5; 82.3% women) as the control group (n = 62). To assess identity, the Identity Stability Index was used as adapted by Ya.A. Solovyeva and M.A. Odintsova. In addition, a battery of techniques was used to assess the features of experiencing traumatic experience and coping with them. Results. Statistically significant relationships were found between the coping characteristics in response to a psychotraumatic situations related to adoption secrecy disclosure and identity resilience of adults who learned about their adoption; statistically significant differences were observed in levels of identity resilience and posttraumatic growth, depending on the specifics of adoption disclosure within the group of adult adoptees, as well as between adults who learned about their adoption and adults without adoption experience. Conclusions. The identity resilience in the group of people who have learned about their adoption in adulthood significantly differs from that of the group with no experience of adoption, and differently correlates with indicators of coping with traumatic experience, which includes the disclosure of adoption secret in adulthood, depending on whether or not there are suspicions about their adoption. The results of the study will be useful not only to scientists and professional psychologists, but also to specialists in the field of family placement and foster parenting when choosing a strategy in the matter of the secret of adoption.
Context and relevance. In today's inclusive educational paradigm, students with disabilities and disabilities are in particular need of support and assistance that can be provided by volunteers. Such support will contribute not only to better adaptation and socialization, but also create the most favorable conditions for high-quality professional training. Objective. Based on a review and theoretical analysis of modern sources, to reveal the phenomenology of psychological and pedagogical support for students with disabilities and disabilities in the process of volunteering. Methods and materials. Analysis of the results of theoretical and experimental research in the field of volunteering and psychological and pedagogical support for students with disabilities. Results. The paper presents an analysis of scientific research in the field of volunteering and psychological and pedagogical support for students with disabilities and disabilities. The main approaches to the organization and implementation of activities, as well as to the training of volunteer students in an inclusive university education are outlined. The article describes the means of effective psychological and pedagogical support by volunteer students of students with disabilities, used to help and support them in adaptation, socialization and educational and professional realization. Conclusions. The resource potential of higher educational institutions is analyzed in detail and presented in terms of providing psychological and pedagogical support by volunteers to students with disabilities and limited health opportunities.
Context and relevance. The activity of modern priests involves combining various vocational roles, which is labeled in scientific discourse as a “dual role”. Such effects of the “dual role” phenomenon in the priestly vocation as role ambiguity and role conflict are studied in psychological science from the point of view of their influence on the occurrence of burnout syndrome in clergy. To prevent professional burnout among clergymen, it is necessary to understand which personality characteristics influence adaptation to the effects of a “dual role” in pastoral work. Objective. To consider the interrelation of the effects of the “dual role” phenomenon with professional burnout among priests, to identify personal characteristics that influence the perception by Orthodox priests of the effects of the “dual role” phenomenon in their profession. Hypothesis. The key personal characteristics that influence priests’ perception of the effects of the “dual role” phenomenon in their profession are hardiness and the ability to manage their emotions. Methods and materials. The study involved 63 clergymen of the Orthodox Church (average age 43 years). The following methods were used: Maslach Burnout Inventory (adapted by N.E. Vodopyanova and E.S. Starchenkova), World Assumption Scale (adapted by O.A. Kravtsova), Satisfaction with Life Scale, Subjective Happiness Scale (adapted by D.A. Leontiev), Hardiness Survey by S. Maddi (adapted by D.A. Leontiev), the Emotional Intelligence Test (EmIn) (D.V. Lyusin, research modification by S.A. Bogomaz). Results. The results showed that hardiness and the ability to manage their own emotions are key personal characteristics that enable priests to successfully adapt to the effects of the “dual role” phenomenon and cope with professional burnout. Conclusions. The importance of emotions, motivation and competence in the perception of the “dual role” phenomenon in the profession of a clergyman is shown. In order to successfully adapt to the effects of the “dual role” phenomenon and counteract professional burnout, priests should increase their hardiness and be able to manage their emotions.
This article introduces readers to the translation of four books combined under the title “Communication and Congenital Deafblindness”, prepared by leading European specialists in this field, intended for families and support staff of deaf-blind children and adults. The authors of the first two books are well-known psychologists: Inger Rodbroe (Denmark) and Marleen Janssen (Netherlands). Other two books were written by Inger Rodbroe in collaboration with French educator and linguist Jak Souriau, and his co-author, Marleen Janssen is designated as editor. The material for these books was taken from theoretical development and practical techniques gathered by Deafblind International Communication Network, which brings together European experts on communication development in children. The collaboration of the members of this community took place within the framework of a series of seminars in different European countries, as a discussion of participants` messages, with obligatory demonstration of video materials about their experiences. Based on the result of these seminars, general video materials were later released, with a theoretical justification for a particular problem, and a discussion on the real experience of communicative development in children with congenital visual and hearing impairments. This book series will be of interest not only to specialists working with children with complex sensory and multiple developmental disabilities, especially in cases where they lack oral speech, but also to psychologists and educators who deal with the problems of early communication development in typical children.
Context and relevance. The diagnosis of cardiac disease in transport workers may be a reason for dismissal from work duties, becoming a source of frustration and imbuing the situation of illness with additional personal meaning for the patient. Understanding the role of psychological factors, particularly the patient`s personality, in the formation of adherence to treatment aims to solve the issue of insufficient effectiveness of cardiovascular therapy and encouraging health behavior. Objective: to study the role of psychological factors in adherence to treatment in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Hypothesis. The level of adherence to treatment in patients with cardiovascular diseases depends on psychological factors mediating the treatment process. Methods and materials. The sample consisted of 43 male patients hospitalised with various cardiac pathologies in "RZD-Medicine" Central Clinical Hospital (& Mcy; = 49,40; SD = 7,71). To provide a complex assessment of psychological factors the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Short Health Anxiety Inventory, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales (DMRS-SR-30), as well as the Picture Frustration Test were used. Adherence was measured using the Questionnaire for Comprehensive Assessment of Treatment Adherence. Structural equation modeling according to the path analysis procedure was used to determine the influence of psychological factors on adherence to treatment. Results. The results showed that adherence to treatment in patients with cardiovascular disease is associated with greater vigilance to bodily sensations, defense maturity and use of need-persistent and intropunitive frustration reactions. New data on the relationship between treatment adherence and frustration reactions and patient's mechanisms of psychological defense were obtained. Using structural modeling, we inferred a model of the indirect influence of the maturity of patient's defense mechanisms on the adherence to treatment for cardiovascular diseases, mediated by the type of frustration reactions. Conclusions. Maturity of defenses can serve as a reliable predictor for the type of frustration reaction: mature defenses predetermine the response to frustration by seeking a solution to the problem, which in turn increases the likelihood of high adherence to treatment. Therefore, the results highlight the need for further research on the role of personality in forming adherence to treatment using a larger sample size.
Context and relevance. Category learning plays a key role in cognitive development from infancy. In the process of category learning, adults tend to use selective attention, focusing on the main features of objects, while children use distributed attention, analyzing multiple features simultaneously. The use of selective attention can lead to learning difficulties in new conditions, where the previously learned rule becomes ineffective, and a new one needs to be identified. In such situations, adults, due to selective attention, are less successful than children. Studies indicate that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) might demonstrate unique patterns of attention distribution in contrast to neurotypical children during category learning tasks. Objective. This study investigates attention allocation during category learning in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods and materials. Involving 39 participants, including neurotypical children and adults, the research assessed how they distinguished categories based on a single rule before shifting to a new one with different relevant features. Results. Findings revealed that both adults and children with ASD struggled more after this shift, with children with ASD showing a significant drop in success rates. This suggests that difficulties in learning within this group are associated with the use of selective attention and the processing of new information.
Context and relevance. Russian scientists are actively studying the stigmatization of people living with HIV from the perspective of HIV-positive people themselves, but there is a lack of research on the attitudes of people living with HIV in society, which could fill the gaps in understanding the nature of HIV stigma. Objective. The aim of this study was to examine the stigmatization of people living with HIV and awareness of HIV infection, as well as their interrelationships with the belief in a dangerous world and the social and psychological distress among Russians. Methods and materials. The survey covered 774 respondents aged 18 to 77 years (M = 26.9; SD = 12.3, 75% female). All respondents completed the Russian versions of the AIDS-Related Stigma Scale (ARSS), AIDS Knowledge Scale (AKS), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Somatic Symptom Scale-8 (SSS-8), and Belief in a Dangerous World Scale (BDW). Results. Absolutely tolerant attitudes towards people with HIV were held by 39% of respondents, while 61% of respondents showed varying degrees of stigma towards HIV-infected people. Awareness of HIV infection was predominantly high, but in 40% of cases respondents were mistaken about the existence of a cure (vaccine) for HIV/AIDS. Stigmatization of people living with HIV and HIV awareness were closely related to each other, as well as to Russians’ somatic and psychological distress: firstly, Russians with less HIV awareness were more strongly stigmatized as HIV-infected, secondly, Russians with more HIV awareness were more stressed and somatised, and Russians with more HIV stigmatization were less stressed and somatised. AIDS-related stigma was also more pronounced in older respondents and respondents with children. Conclusions. It is concluded that community education on HIV awareness and HIV stigma can be a health-promoting strategy.
Objective. The article analyzes materials obtained from the study of processes arising in intra-familial relations after a child suffers a severe injury. Methods and materials. The study involved 27 families with children aged 5-17 years undergoing rehabilitation for 3 months to 1 year after a severe traumatic brain injury or injury due to bleeding or hypoxia. The study was conducted as part of clinical case analysis, including collection of information using a specially designed protocol. Changes in family interactions immediately after the incident and during recovery over a year were revealed. Results. Common trends were identified and described in different families with similar conditions, which may affect the child`s psychological adjustment and overall recovery. The key factors and variables that need to be considered within the framework of psychological work with families and children during the rehabilitation period have been highlighted.
Context and relevance. Eco-anxiety is the anxiety arising in connection with real and possible natural changes and disasters. Eco-anxiety is a significant destabilizer of human activity and therefore needs to be monitored or intervened, which requires a tool to assess its severity. Objective. The present study is aimed at adapting the Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale (HEAS) in Russian culture. Hypotheses. The Russian-language version of the Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale 1) keeps its original four-factor structure and 2) has good content validity. Methods and materials. The study involved 344 respondents aged 18 to 24 years (M = 19.7, SD = 1.1), 75% were women, and 25% were men. The Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale as a target method were used, and to verify its substantive validity, a revised Environmental Identity Scale and seven questions of different dimensions were used to examine the power of man’s connection with nature. Results. The Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale in Russia (HEAS-RU) has completely retained its four-factor structure and the distribution of 13 statements by factors. In addition, it has sufficient substantive validity and good reliability. Conclusions. The result of psychometric research is a new reliable and valid tool that expands the capabilities of researchers and practitioners. The prospects for improvement are to obtain sex and age differences and population norms.
Context and relevance. The practice of inclusive higher education in the context of digitalization needs up-to-date data on the higher mental functions of students with disabilities. The theoretical basis for the research was the cultural and historical theory of the development of higher mental functions and modern studies on its characteristics in hearing disorders. Objective. To identify the interrelationships of verbal and non-verbal mental actions among students with hearing impairments and differences in their indicators at the beginning and end of a semester. Hypotheses. There are significant differences in the interrelationships of verbal and non-verbal mental actions among students with hearing impairments with different types of auditory perception. There are significant differences in the indicators of verbal and non-verbal thinking of students with hearing impairments and with disabilities of other nosology at the beginning and at the end of the semester. Methods and materials. The study involved 57 undergraduate technical university students with disabilities (M = 18.8; SD = 4.2; 23% of women). To study verbal and non-verbal thinking, a test was used, composed of 6 subtests from ASTUR and supplemented with 3 subtests from WAIS by D. Wechsler and R. Amthauer’s Test. Results. Significant differences in correlations of indicators of verbal and non-verbal thinking of students with visual-auditory and auditory-visual types of information perception have been revealed. Indicators of verbal and non-verbal thinking of students with hearing disabilities are significantly lower at the end of the semester, unlike students with disabilities of other nosologies. Conclusions. The possibilities of applying research results to design educational content and pedagogical techniques for teaching technical subjects to students with hearing impairments are shown. Recommendations are formulated for the inclusion in the curriculum of educational practices of techniques aimed at mastering students with hearing disabilities their cognitive functions, as well as psychological relief techniques.
Context and relevance. In recent years, the concept of a high risk of psychosis has received considerable attention, with emphasis on early identification and intervention strategies to slow disease progression, delay the onset of symptoms or ameliorate the course of schizophrenia. High impulsivity, a well-documented characteristic of patients with schizophrenia, is also observed in individuals at high risk for psychosis and may contribute to negative long-term outcomes. Despite its clinical importance, however, impulsivity remains understudied in this population. Objective. To assess impulsivity in patients with affective disorders, both with and without high risk of developing psychosis, and to examine the relationship between impulsivity, negative symptoms and cognitive functioning in each group. Hypothesis. People at ultra-high risk for developing psychosis have higher levels of impulsivity than those with non-psychotic depression. They also have more pronounced negative symptoms and severe cognitive impairment, which are associated with increased impulsivity. Methods and materials. The study included 53 female patients, comprising 26 patients diagnosed with depression without high-risk symptoms of psychosis and 27 patients with depression who met the criteria for high risk of psychosis (UHR group). The study groups were matched for gender, age and marital status. The following assessment tools were used: Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS), WAIS-IV subtests: “Picture Completion” and “Similarities”. Results. In the non-psychotic depression group, almost all indicators of the SANS scale were significantly associated with three impulsivity factors and the total BIS-11 score. Conversely, in the UHR group, impulsivity correlated mainly with the Attention subscale of the SANS. Notably, the total Barratt score in the UHR group met the threshold for impulse control disorder (above 75 points), whereas the SANS score reflected substantial impairment. Patients in the UHR group scored significantly higher on both scales than those with non-psychotic depression. Although no significant differences were found between the groups in terms of BACS scores or WAIS-IV subtest performance, a greater number of significant correlations were found between impulsivity and cognitive functioning parameters in the UHR group. Conclusions. Patients at high risk for psychosis showed more pronounced negative symptoms, cognitive deficits and significantly higher levels of impulsivity than people with affective disorders without psychotic features. Cognitive impairment in this group was strongly related to impulsivity, whereas negative symptoms, with the exception of attentional deficits, showed minimal association with impulsivity. These findings suggest that impulsivity and negative symptoms may be distinct but co-occurring phenomena in this population, each contributing to broader psychopathological changes.
Context and relevance. The study of the consequences of experiencing high-intensity stressors in young adults (17-32 years old) is scientific interest due to the fact that, firstly, it allows us to address the problem of perception and assessment of traumatic experiences in childhood and adolescence, and, secondly, it makes it possible to identify the features of experiencing life-threatening events in the age period, taking into account the polycontextuality of human life in the modern world. Objective. The aim of the study is to identify a list of current traumatic stressors and show differences in their experience (in terms of post-traumatic stress) in young people during early adulthood. The hypothesis of the study is that the current list of traumatic stressors will include: loss of a loved one, physical and psychological violence, life-threatening illness, as well as living in a military area and a viral threat; it is expected that the group of the most traumatic effects will include events related to military operations. Methods and materials. The study involved 309 people aged 17 to 32 years (& Mcy; = 19.8, SD = 3.2) from different regions of the Russian Federation (Donetsk, Kazan, Lugansk, Chita, Moscow, etc.). The following methods were used: PCL-5, SCL-90-R. The results showed that during early adulthood, the entire range of traumatic events can be divided into three clusters according to the intensity of their experience. The first cluster of events that cause a low level of emotional response includes natural and man-made disasters, illness of loved ones, and military operations. The second cluster combined their own illnesses, sexualized violence and harassment, physical and psychological violence, death of a loved one, and everyday stressors. The most acute psychopathological symptoms are associated with events of the third cluster: conflicts and crises in relationships, mental disorders and suicidal thoughts. Conclusions. It is shown that during early adulthood, the perception and assessment of traumatic events of the present and the past is manifested by a wide range of psychopathological symptoms, which is associated with the type of life-threatening situations.
Context and relevance. During the pandemic, there has been an increase in mental health problems among pregnant women and young mothers, including PTSD (10.5-27.93%). Maladaptive coping strategies have prevailed, and PTSD during pregnancy correlates with problems in the physical development of children. After the birth of a child, it can negatively affect relationships with partners, children, lead to decreased breastfeeding, problems with behavior and socio-emotional development in children, as well as a negative attitude towards the child. However, the attitude toward a child can also be a protective factor for a woman's mental health. Objective. The aim is to study the indicators and dynamics of PTSD in women during pregnancy and after childbirth, as well as the relationship between PTSD indicators and mental health values and attitudes toward the child during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and materials. The study involves 283 pregnant women aged 28-42, after the birth of a child, 72 people from this sample participated in the study. The following scales were used: Impact of Event Scale, & horbar;Attitudes towards pregnancy and motherhood & Vert; Tests, Pre-and Postnatal Attachment Scales, ASEBA and Reactive Anxiety Scale. Results revealed a decrease in PTSD after childbirth. Its predictors were some indicators of mental health at both studied points. Three types of attitudes toward pregnancy/motherhood and child have an impact on PTSD both periods. Use of nonconstructive coping strategies during pregnancy affects PTSD in first year of child's life. Risk group is women with high level of PTSD during pregnancy. Conclusions. Specialists should pay attention to pregnant and young mothers with high levels PTSD as well as pronounced anxious attitudes towards pregnancy and child.
Context and relevance. This work is a systematic review of literature on the problem of psychological support for Paralympic athletes and adaptive sports participants with disabilities who have sustained combat injuries. The relevance of the study is due to the unique psychological risks of this group (high prevalence of PTSD, depression, identity crisis), which are ignored in existing approaches despite the strategic role of sport in rehabilitation and social integration. Objective. Analysis of literary publications on the issue of psychological support programs for Paralympic athletes and adaptive sports athletes who were injured during military missions. Methods and materials. The primary source of Russian publications was the scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.ru. Additionally, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Academia.edu were used, as well as the official websites of relevant organizations such as Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation, the Russian Paralympic Committee. Results. The fundamental differences between Paralympic sports (achievement-oriented, with extreme loads and risks of burnout) and adaptive sports (aimed at rehabilitation, with metered loads and risks of social maladjustment) have been established; the specifics consequences of modern combat trauma (PTSD, transformation of the bodily Self, stigmatization) that aggravate sports risks were revealed. There is a lack of studies examining the interaction between these consequences and the needs of these sports groups, as well as the absence of adapted diagnostic and correction programs for these groups. Conclusion. The need for developing psychological support programs that take into account "dual adaptation" (to disability and sport) and different goals (high performance sport vs. rehabilitation) is emphasized.
Context and relevance. The article presents the results of adaptation and optimization of the scale for assessing cyber aggression and victimization in an adult sample in Russia. The scale was designed to assess the level of cyber victimization and aggression, and it consists of 24 questions. Methods and materials. The study involved 1,020 people aged 17 to 35 (293 men and 727 women). To verify the convergent validity of the method, translated versions of the Cyberbullying and Online Aggression Surveys, the Retrospective Bullying Questionnaire and the Illinois Bully Scale were used. To verify criterion validity, "Ways of Coping" and Trier Questionnaire was used. Other factors recorded were gender, time spent at school, family relationships, suicide attempts and severity of PTSD symptoms. Results. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that two subscales -cyber-aggression and cyber-victimization - are independent of each other. The Cronbach's coefficient showed high consistency of each of the two subscales in the general sample (0.847 and 0.839), as well as in gender (0.807 to 0.861) and age groups (0.817 to 0.852). The internal consistency of the questionnaire was confirmed by correlational relationships between the two scales. Conclusions. The psychometric analysis of cyber aggression and victimization scales showed criterion and convergent validity, which can be applied to the Russian-speaking population. The study is significant for understanding cyberbullying and devising effective strategies to combat it.
Context and relevance. Military events impact the psychological well-being of individuals both directly and indirectly involved in armed conflict. Objective: to analyze the characteristics of psychological coping resources depending on the posttraumatic response profile of individuals directly and indirectly involved in military conflict. Hypothesis. Posttraumatic response profiles will differ based on the degree of involvement in military conflict, age, type and duration of trauma, and the availability of instrumental and psychological resilience resources. Methods and materials. The study involved 614 individuals aged 18 to 77 years (M = 34, SD = 12), 89% of whom were women. Among them, 205 were residents of Berdyansk, Donetsk, and Mariupol - regions directly affected by military conflict. The International Trauma Questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, the Resilience Scale, the Identity Resilience Scale, authenticity questionnaires, and the COPE-30 were used. Results. Four post-traumatic response types were identified - normative, transformational, dialectical, and dysfunctional - corresponding to Bonanno's classification. The type of response was found to be associated with age, trauma type, trauma duration, and the degree of involvement (direct vs indirect). The profiles also differed in terms of the use of personal psychological and instrumental resilience resources. Conclusions. Regardless of their degree of involvement in military conflict, most individuals demonstrated adaptive responses to traumatic events. The dialectical profile identified in the study expands the current understanding of posttraumatic trajectories, confirming that individuals with posttraumatic symptoms may also experience posttraumatic growth.
Context and relevance. Psychologists working with children in oncology departments of medical institutions note differences in the emotional response of boys and girls to the situation of severe treatment and prolonged hospitalization. Objective. To identify the features of the emotional spheres of girls and boys in primary school age with oncological diseases. Hypotheses. Children with oncological diseases have features of the emotional sphere compared to their healthy peers. These features include increased anxiety, a tendency towards depressive states and asthenia. There are also differences between girls and boys with oncological diseases, with boys more prone to neurotic states and the manifestation of defensive aggression, and girls being more likely to experience depression. Methods and materials. Empirical research was conducted on a sample of students at the & laquo;We Teach/ They Learn & raquo; Project of Hospital Schools, Russian Children's Clinical Hospital and National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Blokhin. The study involved 40 children of primary school age, including 20 children with cancer and 20 children without chronic somatic diseases. The following methods were used: CMAS Scale (adapted by A.M. Prihozhan) for apparent anxiety, projective technique "Drawing a Non-Existent Animal" (M.Z. Dukarevich), the projective technique "Houses" (by O.A. Orekhova), the Hands test (E. Wagner). Results. The data obtained showed that boys with cancer were significantly more likely to experience feelings of loneliness, neurotic and defensive aggression than boys without cancer, while girls with cancer had lower levels of anxiety and a tendency towards depression. Conclusions. Boys and girls in primary school age aged with cancer differ in their emotional indicators.
