Cnidoscolus quercifolius is a xerophytic plant that is used ethnobotanically to treat injuries, ulcers, dysentery and pain through the rustic preparation of teas and ethanolic bottles. Despite its use by local inhabitants in Brazil, there is still a lack of research into its toxicity factors, which is of fundamental importance for its safe consumption by the population. This study sought to assess the toxicity of the ethanolic extract of the plant's bark. The results showed a low hemolytic factor, a median lethal dose of 97.96 ppm in Artemia salina assay, an insecticidal ef ect of 100 % at 2.5 mg/mL, phytotoxicity at 1 mg/mL, deaths were seen only in intraperitoneal administration (LD50=117,1 mg/Kg), but alterations in urea and creatinine along with the morphology of red blood cells and tissue cells in organs such as the liver, spleen and kidneys were found via both intraperitoneal and oral, which leads to a warning that its consumption can cause damage. From this elucidation, it can be seen that its consumption presents risks, and it is necessary to ascertain its therapeutic potential in conjunction with safety dosages.
Background: This study assessed the pollination ecology of some selected trees in Bagale Hills Forest Reserve (BHFR) in Adamawa State and Jos Wildlife Park (JWLP) in Plateau State. The objectives were to: assess angiosperm diversity; determine polinator diversity; compare the flowering of angiosperms between the two studied locations and investigate plant-pollinator interaction in between the studied locations. Materials and Method: The systematic line transect method was deployed for laying out transects. Four transects of 1 km were laid in the two geolocations and four sampled plots of 50 m x 50 m was laid alternately along each of the transect. Three angiosperms were selected randomly and were used for collection of data on phenology, pollination and plant-pollinator interactions. The two locations were traversed for three months and the appearance of flowering buds and presence of pollinators on targeted tree species were observed. Data were analysed and presented using the Descriptive statistics but Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index was used to determine diversity. The diversity of the pollinators of BHFR and JWLP were compared using the paired simple t-Test. Results: The result of the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index indicates pollinator species diversity of 2.686 in BHFR, while pollinator species diversity in JWLP was 2.589 respectively. There was no significant difference between the pollinator’s diversity of BHFR and JWLP (p > 0.05). The result of phenological scoring showed that 3.25 % of the tree species were flowering during the wet season in both studied locations. Plant-pollinator interactions showed that the pollinators encountered during the study were invertebrates that were not evenly distributed. Additionally, all sampled tree species encountered were generalist. Despite variation in ecological features of the two locations, plant species and pollinator diversity were similar. Conclusion: It was concluded that conservation education for the communities surrounding the two study sites must be given due priority
Background: Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) can cause infection at the primary colonization site or spread to cause serious hospital infections such as bacteremia, septicemia and neonatal sepsis. In this context, the increase in bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics has become a public health problem. Therefore, there is a need to intensify studies involving CoNS to implement more effective control measures. In this context, essential oils, which have antimicrobial activity, have emerged as alternatives for modulating the activity of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial strains. This study evaluated the modulatory effect of rosemary-pepper essential oil associated with antibiotics against CoNS strains. Materials and Methods: Homogeneous populations of pepper rosemary were collected around CPCA/UFMG. Characterization was obtained by gas chromatography. The microorganisms were identified by MALDI - TOF MS and antibiotic resistance was determined by microdilution on plates. The STITCH bioinformatics platform was used to predict the potentiation of antibiotics through rosemary essential oil. Results: Carvacrol (28.94%), o-Cymene (20.53%), γ-Terpinene (10.36%) and Thymol (2.91%) were obtained as the majority components of the oil. The association of pepper rosemary oil with the antibiotics amoxicillin and tetracycline reduced the concentration of antibiotic needed to inhibit 100% of the resistant strains of CoNS, indicating the synergistic effect of the oil with the antibiotics. In the networks and sub-networks created by the in silico analyses, it is possible to observe an interaction between the antibiotic amoxicillin and the bioactive compound in pepper rosemary oil, Camphor, through the histamine molecule. The antibiotic tetracycline was found to interact with the bioactive compounds in rosemary oil, linalool and limonene, via the nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) molecule. All the major components of the oil also acted in the chemical-protein interaction network, indicating possible synergisms between the antibiotics and the bioactive compounds in rosemary oil. Conclusion: These results show that pepper rosemary oil has the potential to be used as an antimicrobial adjuvant in the treatment of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant CoNS bacteria
Background: Menstrual hygiene is crucial for women's health and well-being, yet it is often neglected, particularly among adolescent girls in rural areas. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls in these regions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 375 adolescent girls from rural areas near Bangalore. Data were collected through structured interviews and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The study found significant gaps in the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to menstrual hygiene. Over half of the participants lacked prior knowledge about menstruation, nearly half had negative attitudes, and a majority practiced poor menstrual hygiene. Strong positive correlations were observed between knowledge and attitudes (0.75), knowledge and practices (0.70), and attitudes and practices (0.65), indicating that improved knowledge positively influences attitudes and practices. Common menstrual symptoms reported included backache (49.60%) and abdominal pain (25.8%). Conclusion: The findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive menstrual education programs to enhance knowledge, foster positive attitudes, and improve hygiene practices. Addressing these gaps through education, challenging cultural taboos, and providing access to sanitary products are essential for improving the health and well-being of adolescent girls in rural areas. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and healthcare providers to develop effective menstrual hygiene management programs.
In this research, Plasma physics and digital image processing technique are utilized. Dielectric Barrier Discharges (DBD) plasma at atmospheric pressure is used for the purpose of studying the plasma effect on the blood tissue, The first order statistical features are used to study the effect of plasma on the blood tissue. Different samples are used to reach the aim of this paper: the patients have leukemia and their leukocytes number is abnormal. By studying the results of statistical features (Energy, Mean, Entropy, Skewness, Kurtosis), it is concluded that the blood cells of the sample shows a good response to the cold plasma. So the plasma can be used as a treatment for the blood tissue for the persons with Leukemia.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of twelve weeks Gum Arabic dose on the liver functions and some antioxidant enzymes activity of 10 Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: 10 normal Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one liter 10% of gum Arabic solution daily for 12 weeks. As a control group another 10 rats were not fed with gum Arabic. On week twelve, blood samples were collected from each rat and all of them were killed and the liver was obtained. Some of the liver was homogenized and the supernatant was collected. The liver function tests (direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, albumin, total proteins, Asparate transaminase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase) were done using the blood samples and the supernatant of the homogenized liver was used to detect the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase and to measure the concentration of glutathione and Malondialdehyde (MDA). Results: the comparison of the mean values of the liver function tests showed the absence of significant variation between the liver function tests in the control and the gum Arabic fed rats. Concerning the antioxidant parameters, there was significant increase in the superoxide dismutase (p-value≤ 0.000), catalase (p-value= 0.043), glutathione (p-value= 0.004) and significant decrease in the MDA concentration (p-value≤ 0.000). Conclusion: Daily gum Arabic dose for twelve weeks significantly affected the liver antioxidant activity of Sprague-Dawley rats.
Prostacyclin is a strong cardioprotective hormone released by the endothelium of the blood vessels. Prostacyclin is present in equilibrium with several vasoactive agents in cardiovascular system. In recent years, prostacyclin (PGI2) has also been shown to enhance differentiation and inhibit proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells. In addition to these well-described homeostatic roles within the cardiovascular system, prostacyclin (PGI2) also plays an important role as an inflammatory mediator. In this review, the focus on the contribution of prostacyclin (PGI2) as both a patho-physiological mediator in three major inflammatorymediated disease processes, namely rheumatoid arthritis, where it promotes disease progression , along with pulmonary vascular disease and atherosclerosis, where it inhibits disease progression. On the other hand, CDP-DAG synthases (CDS) are enzymes that catalyze the conversion of phosphatidic acid (PA) to CDPdiacylglycerol (CDP-DAG). Both PA and CDP-DAG serve critical roles in cellular functions.This article reviews the possibility of interaction with CDP diacylglycerol and it appears that de novo synthesis of PGI2 or its congeners occurs in specialized cells under patho-physiological conditions.
Present study is an attempt to up to date the taxonomic information of prawns found in Indian water under family Penaeidae Rafinesque -Schmaltz, 1815.Species composition and their distribution in Indian water is the main part of the work.Family Penaeidae is represented by 25 genera of which 17 genera and 78 species has been recorded from Indian water.
Plants have been the part of life forms even with the progenitors of man. Term “Ethnobotany” was coined to denote use of plants by human being.Ethnobotany deals with the direct relationship of plants with man. The term today has come to denote the entire realm of direct relationship between plant and man. Plants show enormous diversity in the form of Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms of which later are the most diversified plants. Present study focuses on ethnobotanical study of one of the largest family of Angiosperms, the family Leguminosae, of Raipur city area. Leguminosae include three subfamilies viz: Papilionoideae, Caesalpinoideae and Mimosoideae. The family has approximately 18,000 species grouped into around 650 genera with cosmopolitan distribution. During the study seasonal field survey has been made. Information about the plants were obtained by interviewing the common people and folk healers. During the study 8 plant species were found to be used as pulses, 2 plant species (Glycine max andArachis hypogea) as edible oil yielding plants, 9 plant species used in different socio religious ceremonies (eg. Butea monosperma, Acacia catechu,Prosopis cineraria, Acacia pycnthus, Vigna sps ), 7 plant species as vegetable (eg. Trigonellafoenum-graecum), 3 species as dye yielding plants (e.g. Butea monosperma), 26 plants used in traditional medicine (e.g Cassia occidentalis, Acacia concinna, Psoralea corylifolia, Dolichos biflorus, Mucuna pruriens), 7 plants species are Non-wood Forest Produces (NWFPs), (e.g. Acacia nilotica), 13 plants are used as timber yielding plants e.g. Dalbergia sissoo). Some are fodder plants (e.g. Leucaena leucophloea) and 2 plant species are used as tooth brush (e.gAcacia nilotica) and some plants yields fibre. Some Weeds of this family are used to increase the fertility of soil due to the capacity of nitrogen fixation eg. Aeshchynomene indica,and Lathyrus odoratus. Conservation practices of plants of this family have been observed during the present studies.
Nutritional value was determined for six wild edible plants namely, Polygonum runcinatum, Pilea bracteosa, Elatostema platyphyllum, Gynura bicolor, Plantago erosa and Diplazium esculentum which were widely consumed as vegetables by the ethnic tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Proximate analysis revealed rich nutrient levels in all the six wild plants compared to the common vegetables. Moisture, protein and phosphorus content were highest in Polygonum runcinatum with lowest sodium content, whereas, Pilea bracteosa was rich in lysine and proline. Ash, calcium and magnesium content were highest in Elatostema platyphyllum and it was also rich carbohydrate, crude protein and fat with high energetic value. Crude fat, tryptophan and potassium content were highest in Gynura bicolor with rich lysine, proline and other minerals. Proline and sodium content was highest in Plantago erosa, whereas, Diplazium esculentum was richest in fibre and carbohydrate content fetching greatest energy value with rich minerals. All the six wild edible plants made a significant contribution to the nutraceutical requirements of the ethnic tribal communities of Arunachal Pradesh, India particularly tryptophan, magnesium, calcium and potassium as per the daily-recommended dietary allowances prescribed by the Indian Council of Medical Research.
This work aims to illustrate the forensic insects, their succession patterns and decomposition stages of rabbit corpses in ecologically different sites. The present study was performed on two sites including outdoor, open or roof site, in addition to indoor, closed or ground site of the faculty of science in Qena city for four successive seasons. Results showed eighteen species of necrophagous, necrophilous, omnivorous and accidental insects, of them, five outdoor species, three indoor species and ten common species. The five corpse decomposition stages (fresh, bloating, active, advanced and dry stages) have been observed. Twelve species of Diptera and three species of Coleoptera and Hymenoptera were collected from the carcasses. The dipteran species were the predominant groups on the corpses, whereas the coleopterans occupied the 2 nd . The most important forensic insects were represented by Sarcophaga carnaria, Wohlfahrtia magnifica, Chrysomya albiceps, Lucilia cuprina, Muscina stabulans, Megaselia scalaris and genus Nasonia. Moreover, the studied calliphorid and sarcophagid flies were the first colonizers to arrive and breed on rabbit carcasses. The rate of corpse decomposition was faster in summer and spring as compared to winter and autumn. Outdoor corpses decomposed faster than indoor corpses. On the other hand, the statistical analysis showed negative temperature and humidity correlation on Sarcophaga carnaria, while both Wohlfahrtia magnifica and Muscina stabulans were affected positively by temperature and humidity, respectively. Therefore, these results are recommended to be taken in Criminal investigations.
Serratia marcescens was exposed to mutation for becoming better the production of prodigiosin (quantitatively and qualitatively) and examined it as antibacterial activities.One isolate of S.marcescen (Wild) was exposed to different kinds of antibiotics (Gentamycin 10µg/ml) to produce mutant isolates from S.marcescen and examined to produce prodigiosin.The isolate that produce the largest amount of prodigiosin among four isolates was used for more studies.Staphyllococcus Baciilus, E.coli, and Pseudomonas were exposed to prodigiosin for testing inhibiting activity of it against these bacterial strains.
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the 3 rd most common tumor worldwide and the 6 th in Egypt. It is still burdened by significant morbidity and mortality despite several therapeutic improvements. A gold standard for early detection and non invasive diagnosis is lacking. Aim was to assess faecal tumor M2-PKTM (ScheBo test) for detection of CRC.ln Adult Egyptians Methods: This cross-sectional, case-control study was carried out on 66 subjects. The cases group comprised 46 consecutive treatmentnaïve patients with sporadic CRC proved by colonoscopy, histopathology and abdominal computed tomography which all together helped in tumor staging with TNM and Duke's staging systems. Twenty apparently healthy subjects (without CRC and with normal colonoscopy) served as the control group (age and sex matching the cases group). Faecal tumor M2-PKTM (ScheBo test) was assessed in all the study subjects. Results: Cases were 24 males and 22 females with a mean age of 50.6 ys and the range was 22-81ys. Age ditribution showed 12 cases (26%) below 40 and 50% above 50 ys. Bleeding per rectum was the main presenting symptom (39%) followed by recent onset constipation (34.8%) in the studied cases. Rectal lesions were found during colonoscopy in 47.8% of cases while colonic lesions were found in 52.2%. Mass was the most encountered gross pathology (in 67.4%, 31 cases) followed by ulcer (in 28.3%, 13 cases) and stricture (in 4.3%, 2 cases). Adenocarcinoma was the commonest type (76.1 %, 35 cases) followed by mucinous adenocarcinoma (15.2 %, 7 cases). The fecal levels of tumor M2-PK were significantly higher (P<0.001) in cases compared to the control (35.66 ± 17.32 and 2.74 ± 4.36 U/ml, respectively). Fecal tumor M2-PK levels showed a significant positive correlation with both TNM and Duke’s stages (p˂0.05), while no significant correlation was found with age and sex. Applying ROC curve, at a cut-off value of 3.9 U/ml, fecal Tumor M2PK was 97.8% sensitive and 85% specific for detection of CRC with AUROC = 0.96. Conclusion: Fecal tumor M2-PK was a sensitive and specific marker for detection of CRC at values ≥ 3.9 U/ml and positively correlated with the tumour grade and stage.
This paper reports the occurrence of nematodes and trematode cercariae in Lymnea species of one part of Danmadahun in Jakara dam, Kano state, Nigeria. This study was initially carried out between October to January 2017 to determine the types of trematode cercariae in freshwater snails in the water body. Freshwater snails were collected from the accessible sites on Danmadahun part of Jakara dam and placed individually in compartmented petridishes for cercarial shedding. A total of 67 Lymnea snails (made up of eight species) were collected from this part of the study site out of which four forms of nematode, Chaetogaster species and five forms of cercariae, three Gymnocephalus and two unidentified cercaria were encountered. The prevalence of nematodes in these snails is 6% and that of cercariae is 7.46% with 11.94% as the overall prevalence of infection. This study presents the first report of nematodes in snails of Jakara dam.There is the need for thorough investigation and control of Lymnea and other snail species in this area because of the diverse infections they can transmit in humans, animals and agriculture since this is an irrigation site.
The present study includes the phytochemical detection and antimicrobial activity of the leaves of Lantana camara L. and Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall.ex Nees.Phytochemical screening of the leaf extract of leaves shade dried indicated the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids and glycosides.The antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of leaves of Lantana camara and Andrographis paniculata were evaluated against the human pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by well diffusion method.Among the extracts analysed ethanolic extracts showed promising results whereas aqueous extracts did not report any zone of inhibition.The ethanol leaf extract (200µg/ml) showed maximum inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (16mm).Phytochemical tests carried out showed that the antibacterial activity of plant Lantana camara and Andrographis paniculata leaves was due to the presence of phytochemical compounds present in it.
A wound is break in the skin. Wound are usually caused by cuts or scalps, symptoms at wound or injury include swelling, stiffness, tenderness, discoloration skin tightness, itching and scar formation, two types of tissue injury:. Wound healing is a complex dynamic process. The main objective of this investigation is to evaluate wound healing activity of aerial part of Ocimum basilicum Linn and bark of Ficus benghalensis Linn and their polyherbal formulation in wound healing models. Various wound healing models like Excision, Incision, Dead space wound models were evaluated on the parameters like wound contraction, Epithelisation time, tensile strength, wet and dry granuloma weight and hydroxiproline estimation. The main objective of this investigation is to develop a product, which may give a wound healing property, and enhance wound healing process like increase the collagen synthesis, fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis and epithelization, because products which are available in market are either antiseptic or antimicrobial.
In this study, an attempt was made to reflect into the historical development of Accounting and Finance education in Nigeria.It examined the various challenges bedeviling the system and the need to refocus because it provides an opportunity to appraise existing conditions with a view to correcting the ills and improving the current situation.The study revealed that development of accounting education in Nigeria has been affected by lack of teachers and research facilities and funding among others.The study recommended among others that government should stop paying lip service to education and the system should be redesigned to make it more responsive to the needs of the Nigerian society.
Background and objectives : Diabetes is a disease of metabolic dysregulation. Recent studies have emphasized the role of serum ferritin in insulin resistance and the incidence of diabetes mellitus. However, the role of ferritin as a marker of iron overload in pancreatic damage and peripheral insulin resistance or its role as an inflammatory marker is not clear. The aim of this study is to establish an association between serum ferritin, FBS and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes mellitus and to evaluate the role of serum ferritin on glycemic status. Methods : A case control study was done with 90 type 2 DM patients. FBS,PLBS, Hb%, HbA1c% and serum ferritin were measured. Results : Significant hyperglycemia was observed in the cases compared to the controls. Mean ±SD of FBS, PLBS, HbA1c and serum ferritin were highest in group with poor glycemic control. Interpretations and conclusion : Higher positive correlation of serum ferritin with HbA1c shows that dysglycemia affects ferritin levels possibly due to inflammation or oxidative stress or a combination of two. Iron may negatively impact on glycemic control. Also in the presence of hyperglycemia and inflammation, iron may contribute to the development and progression of oxidative injury.
Plant drugs enjoy much acclaim and wide acceptability even in the midst of amazing advancements in modern medicine. Current research in drug discovery from medicinal plants involves a multifaceted approach combining botanical, phytochemical, biological and molecular techniques. Evaluation of certain selected south Indian medicinal plants popularly used in Indian system of medicine has been taken up for their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. The plants selected were Heliotropium indicum, Schleichera oleosa, Shorea robusta, Symplocos cochinchinensis and Wrightia tinctoria. Antioxidant activities involved DPPH, total antioxidant, iron chelating and nitric oxide assays. Cytotoxicity assay was carried out by MTT using SKMEL-28 and HCT-15 cell lines. Results obtained could very well support the therapeutic claims made for the investigated plants.
The anticancer activity of the marine alga Cladophora spp.against HT-29 colon cancer cell line was studied.In the present investigation crude extract of seaweed was prepared by using soxhlet apparatus.Methanol was used as solvent for extraction.In vitro anticancer activity of seaweed at various concentrations (7.8 to 1000 µg/mL) were studied against the chosen cell line by using MTT assay (3-( 4, 5-dimethyl thiazol 2)2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, a yellow tertrazol).The most potent antitumor activity has been shown at the concentration 7.8 µg/mL and 400 µg/mL of Cladaphora spp.extract on HT-29 colon cancer cell line.
