Adipose tissue secretes some hormone-like combinations called adipokines; a better understanding of adipokines can help much in seeing the side effects of obesity. The aim of this study is to see the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic-interval training on serum levels of chemerin and visfatin in elderly men with overweight. In this semi-experimental study, 24 subjects were selected by available and targeted sampling and divided into two experimental group (12 people) and control group (12 people) with their ages ranging between 68 to 79. The subjects took aerobic-interval training for 8 weeks, three days each week and each session lasting 45 to 60 minutes. Blood samples were gathered before and after training intervention. By means of SPSS software, version 16, intra-group and between-group means were calculated by statistical methods of paired and independent sample t-test respectively and the results were analyzed at significance level of p<0.05. Eight weeks of aerobic-interval training decreased significantly the variables of weight, body mass index and body fat percentage (p<0.5). Also chemerin and visfatin levels decreased significantly. These results show that aerobic-interval training decreases chemerin and vistafin, and probably one of the reasons for physiological changes due to sports activities is the change in these hormones.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise and Ramadan fasting on the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein as a marker of inflammation in non-active obese men. Methods and Materials: In this study, 18 obese men aged 50-40with a BMI over 30 kg per square meter as a public call among the 70 subjects were selected randomly and after it were divided in to fasting (N=9) and fasting and exercise (N=9) groups. Then while the first group would do only fasting, fasting and exercise group in addition to the intervention fasting group, exercise to be carried out in 27 sessions. Also, for check the desired changes in the month of Ramadan, blood samples were taken from four different times. Finally, using repeated measures analysis of variance in the level of p <0/05 theories were put to the test. Results: Ramadan fasting significantly decreased the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p < 0.05) as well as aerobic exercise significantly were reduced high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p < 0.05) in both groups. Conclusion: aerobic exercise and Ramadan fasting has a beneficial effect on the reduction of low-grade inflammation.
OZET Bu calismanin amaci, kayakcilarda surat egzersizleri sonrasinda antioksidan savunma (serum superoksit dismutaz (SOD), serum katalaz (CAT)) ve (serum malondialdehid (MDA) degisimlerini incelemektir. Calismada, branslarinda faal sporculuk yapan 20 elit erkek kayakci uzerinde uygulanmistir. Arastirma grubuna, 10 tekrarli 20 m lik surat testi uygulanmistir (Test1). Bir aylik antrenman periyodundan sonra tekrar ayni test (test2) uygulanmistir. Kan numuneleri, Test1 on-son ve Test2 onson olmak uzere 4 kez alinmistir.Test1 on-son olcumlerinde serum SOD seviyesindeki artis istatistiksel olarak anlamli (p 0.05) ve serum MDA seviyesindeki dusus anlamli bulunmustur (p 0.05). Duzenli yapilan antrenmanlar ile serum SOD ve CAT’ in artmasi antioksidan savunmanin guclenmesi anlamina gelmektedir. Test2’ de toplam deger olarak MDA’ nin artmasi ise lipit peroksidasyonun artmasindan kaynaklanmistir. Yapilan antrenmanlarda dinlenme suresinin kisa olmasi oksidan maddeleri artirmis olabilir. Anahtar kelimeler: Kayak, Superoksit Dismutaz, Katalaz, Malondialdehit, Egzersiz. ASSESSMENT OF SOME ANTIOXIDANT LEVELS IN ALPINESKIERS AFTER SPRINT EXERCISES ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigated the changes in some antioxidant levels (serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT)’ in alpine-skiers after speed exercises. This study was carried out on 20 elite male skiers who do sports activities. The research group examined 20 m sprint test was repeated 10 (Test1). After one-month training period the same test was administered again (Test2). Blood samples were taken twice just before and immediately after the exercise (Test1) and these blood samples were taken again twice after training period for one month (Test2) In pre- post-measurements of test1, the increase in serum SOD levels was found to be statistically significant (p 0.05), and the decrease in serum MDA level was significant (p 0.05), and the increase in serum MDA level was insignificant (p <0.05). The fact that serum SOD and CAT increases in those with regular exercise indicates the strengthening of antioxidant defense. On the other hand, in the Test2 increase the total MDA, which is a sign of oxidative stress, has emerged due to the increase in lipid perixidation. The short period of rest during exercise may have increased oxidants. Key words: Skiing, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Malondialdehyde, Exercise
OZET Bu calismanin amaci, Beden egitimi ve spor ogretmenligi bolumunde okuyan ve anatomi dersi almis ogrencilerin insan anatomisi ve kinesyolojisi dersine olan tutumlarini degerlendirmektir. Betimleyici turdeki calisma Karamanoglu Mehmet Bey universitesi 2008–2009 Egitimogretim yili bahar doneminde yapilmistir. Verilerin toplanmasinda ogrencilere sosyodemografik ozellikleri ve Esit Aralikli Likert Anatomi Tutum olcegi uygulanmistir. Ogrencilerin anatomi dersine yonelik tutumlari anlamlilik gostermektedir [t (237)=7,36, p<,01]. Beden egitimi ogrencilerinin anatomi dersine olan tutumlarinin (X=74.82) anlamlilik gostermesi ogrencilerin derse olan ilgilerinin fazla oldugu seklinde yorumlanabilir. Calismada beden egitimi ve spor ogretmenligi meslegindeki ogrencilerin anatomi dersine olan tutumlarinin olumlu olmasi derse olan farkindalik duzeyleriyle olumlu yonde etkilenmis oldugu soylenebilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ogrenciler, Insan Anatomisi ve Kinesyoloji dersi, Tutum EVALUATING THE ATTITUDES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT ACADEMY STUDENTS FOR HUMAN ANATOMY AND KINESIOLOGY LESSONS ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to evaluate the attitudes concerning human anatomy and kinesiology lesson of students who were taught anatomy lesson and the department of physical education and sport teaching. The study which is descriptive type was carried out in spring period at Karamanoglu Mehmet Bey University 2008-2009 academic year. While collecting the datas sociodemografic features and equal Periodic Licert Anatomy Attitude criterion were used, students' attitude to anatomy lesson were showed significance (t (237)=7,36,p<0,1). The significance on attitudes of students studying in the department Physical education and sport teaching to anatomy lesson can be explained as the students have more attention to the lesson (X=74.82). In this study attitude's being positive for anatomy lesson of students studying in Physical education and sport academy can be said as it is affected in positive way by their awareness level. Keywords: Students, Anatomy and Kinesiology lessons, Attitude
OZET Bu calismanin amaci daha once top ile ilgili sporlardan birini yapan genclerle, spor yapmayan genclerin tenis becerisi edinimine etki eden kondisyonel ve koordinatif faktorler incelenmistir. Yapilan bu calismada ilkogretim duzeyinde egitimine devam eden herhangi bir sebeple spor yapmasina engel olusturmayan ogrencilerden secilen iki grup alinmistir. Grup 1: Gecmiste top ile oynanan sporlardan birini yapmis Milli Egitim Mudurlugu ilkogretim Okulu ogrencilerinden (n=30) olusmustur. Grup 2 : Gecmiste spor yapmamis( n=30) kisiden olusturulmustur. Gruplarin sahip oldugu bazi ozelliklerin sabitlestirilmesi yada bazi degiskenlerin izole edilmesi icin; deneklerin yas cinsiyet, tekrar sayisi (tenis topuna vurus sayisi), egitim yontemi, uygulama kosullari (gun, saat) bakimindan benzer yapida olmalarina ozen gosterilmistir. Deneklere 6 hafta boyunca haftada 2 gun 2’ser saat (10 – 12 arasi) tenis egitimi verilmistir. Bireylerin hic tenis egitimi almadan ilk olcumleri alinmistir. Daha sonra 3. hafta ve 6. hafta ayni olcumler tekrarlanmistir. 1. ve 2. gruba 6 haftalik tenis egitimi verilmistir. Egitim suresince her iki gruba da on test, aratest ve son-test uygulanmistir. Yapilan testler el kavrama kuvveti, durarak uzun atlama, esneklik, cabukluk, reaksiyon suresi, denge.koordinasyon testi ve tenis beceri (Hewitt) testleridir.1. ve 2. gruplar karsilastirildiginda; 1, 2 ve 3. olcumlerde gorsel ve isitsel reaksiyon suresi, baskin ve cekinik el kavrama kuvveti, ceviklik, denge, % yag olcumleri arasinda anlamli fark bulunmazken 1.2. ve 3. olcumlerde durarak uzun atlama parametresinde 1. grubun lehine anlamli fark bulunmustur (P 0,05). Her iki arastirma grubunun tenis beceri testi ile koordinasyon testi arasinda iliski duzeylerine bakildiginda; 1. olcumler arasinda yuksek duzeyde iliski bulunmustur. Ikinci olcumler arasinda ve 3. olcumler arasinda iliski bulunmamistir. Ancak tenis beceri testi ortalamalari ile koordinasyon testi ortalamalari arasinda iliski bulunmustur. Sonucta; 6 haftalik rekreaktif amacla yapilan bir tenis egitim suresinin kondisyonel ozelliklerden bircogunu gelistirmedigini ancak koordinatif ozelliklerin gelisimine ( ozellikle spor yapmayan grupta) katkida bulundugu soylenebilir. Buna gore koordinasyon ozelliginin tenis beceri ediniminin ilk asamasinda bile onemli bir etken oldugu literatur bilgilerini destekler niteliktedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Beceri edinme, Transfer, tenis, koordinasyon, Denge, Ceviklik. ABSTRACT The aim of this study,is to research of conditional of coordinative factor affecting the acqusition of tennis skills of the youngs who have done one of the sports before related to the balls and who haven’t done. In this experiment 2 groups which attend education in primary school,have no obstacle doing sports are chosen. Group 1: It contains the primary school students of national education ministry who did one of the sports that is played with the ball. Group 2: It contains 30 students who didn’t do sports in the past, it is given importance to simply same properties of groups or to be is dated and make similar in the side of age sexuality, amount of repetition ( amount of hitting the tennis ball), the methods of education, the conditions of application ( day and hour) Students are given education during 6 weeks, 2 hours in 2 days in a week (between 10- 12)The first scales of students are taken without taking tennis education then in 3 days three weeks and six weeks, the same scale is repeated The first and second groups are given tennis education that lasts 6 weeks. During this education pre-test, middle test, post test are applied to these two groups. These applied test are strenght of hand clutch, stopping, long jump, flexibility, reactson time, balance, these are coordination tests and tennis skill tests. When 1 and 2 groups are compared, there is no difference between visual and hearing reaction time, dominant and strenght of hand clutch, balance aquality, scale of fat in 1,2,3 scale on the other hand, in the long jumping parameter in 1,2,3 scale the difference is found for the benefit of the first group (P<0,05). Between the first and second grup in the first scale in the field of flexibity and dominant hand coordination parameter the big difference for he benefit of 1. group is found (P<0,05). Between 1 and 2 group in the second scale in the field of passive hand coordination and aquality parameter the difference is found (P<0,05). Between 1 and 2 group in the third scale in the field of flexibity passive hand coordination parameter the difference is found (P<0,05). In the first group between first scale and third scale the parameters that have differences for the benefit of the third scale visual, reaction time, aquality, balance, passive hand coordination. In the second group between the first scale and third scale the parameters that have differences for the benefit of third scale are balance and passive hand coordination According to tennis skills test results despite there were not meaningful differences among each 3 scales of 2 groups, there were meaningful differences among the following 1. and 2. scales of 1. and 2. groups. Besides, according to results of variant analyses, there were not meaningful differences among the scales of the tennis skill test of 1. and 2. groups (P<0,05). When looked at its order of the relation between coordination test and every two investigation group’s tennis skill test. The relations among the 2. scale and 3. scale were not found however, the relation among coordination test averages and test average where found. As a result, 6 weeks of reactive tennis training period is not able to improve conditional specialities but it can improve the coordinative specialities non-sportive people. Even in the first level of tennis skills koordination specialities supports the literature informations. Keywords: Acqusition skill, transfer, tennis, coordination balance, ,
OZET Bu calisma, Turkiye Gures Milli takimindaki genc sporcularin bazi fiziksel uygunluk ve somatotip ozelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaciyla yapilmistir. Calismaya katilan gurescilerin yas ortalamalari; 19.09±0.83 yil yas, 173.1±7.0 boy cm, 75.9±15.0 kg vucut agirligina sahip toplam 56 genc erkek milli sporcu gonullu olarak katilmistir. Calismaya katilan gurescilerin yuksek vucut kitle indeksine (25.04±3.35), normal vucut yag yuzdesine (9.82±3.05), normal endo-mezomorfik ozellige (2.9-4.5-1.5) sahip oldugu gorulmustur. Ayrica gurescilerin orta duzey pence kuvvetine (50.88±7.90), orta duzeyde bacak kuvvetine (182.23±115.56) ve sirt kuvvetine (169.20±105.07), iyi duzey esneklige (35.37±5.81), dusuk duzeyde anaerobik guce (109.00±23.86), relatif anaerobik guce (1.43±.13), dusuk duzeyde vital kapasiteye (vc) (4.97±0.82), zorlu vital kapasiteye (fvc) (4.74±0.82) maksimum istemli ventilasyona (mw) (186.33±0.82), zorlu ekspirasyonda 1. saniyede cikan hava miktarina (fev1%) (91.83±4.76), dusuk duzeyde sol gorsel reaksiyona (194.70±30.66), sag gorsel reaksiyona (195.87±29.73), sol isitsel reaksiyona (173.74±26.66), sag isitsel reaksiyona (173.98±27.93) sahip olduklarini gostermistir. Sonuc olarak; genc milli takim gurescileri yuksek vucut kitle indeksine iyi bir esneklige, normal vucut yag yuzdesine, izometrik bacak, sirt, pence kuvvetine sahipken, bunun tam tersi dusuk duzeyde gorsel ve isitsel reaksiyonlara dusuk duzeyde solunum fonksiyonlarina sahip olduklari belirlenmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Fiziksel Ozellikler, Somatotip, Guresciler, Anaerobik performans, Solunum Fonksiyonlari AN EXAMINATION OF SOME PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SOMATOTYPE CHARACTERISTICS OF YOUNG WRESTLERS IN TURKISH NATIONAL TEAM ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was carried to determine physical fitness and somatotype characteristics of young wrestlers in Turkish Wrestling National Team. A total of 56 wrestlers from National Team of Turkey participated in this study as voluntarily. The average age of the wrestlers who attended to the study were fixed as 19.09±0.83, the bodily weights of participants were fixed as 58,36+6,14 kg, the heights of participants were 173.1±7.0 cm. Results showed that wrestlers who attended to the study have high body mass index (25.04±3.35) and normal body fat percentage (9.82±3.05) and endo-mesomorf properties (2.9-4.5-1.5). Moreover, Results of the anaerobic power and relative anaerobic power were 109.00±23.86 , 1.43±.13. Average level isometric knee, back, grip strength values of wrestlers were 182.23±115.56 kg., 169.20±105.07 kg. and 50.88±7.90 and have good level flexibility 35.37±5.81.Pulmonary test results of the wrestlers were calculated as vital capacity (vc) 4.97±0.82 lt, forced vital capacity (fvc) 4.74±0.82, forced expiratory volume (fev1%) 91.83±4.76, maksimum voluntary ventilation (mvv) 186.33±0.82. The results indicated that wrestlers have low left visual reaction (194.70±30.66), right visual reaction (195.87±29.73), left audial reaction (173.74±26.66), left audial reaction (173.98±27.93). As a result, young wrestlers who are National Team of Turkish Wrestling have high body mass index, a good flexibility, normal body fat percentage, anaerobic power and isometric leg, back, grip strength, but low degree visual and aural reaction, low respiratory function. Key Words: Physical Characteristics, Somatotype, Wrestlers, Anaerobic Performance, Respiratory Function
OZET Bu calisma, 12-14 yas grubunda basketbol oynayan cocuklarin cabukluk ve sicrama yetilerine farkli kuvvet antrenmanlarinin etkilerini belirlemek icin yapilmistir. Calismamiza ozel bir okul takiminda basketbol oynayan, yas ortalamalari 13,00±0,95yil olan, antrenman yaslari 3±1yil olan 24 erkek ogrenci gonullu olarak katilmistir. Calismaya katilan sporcular, A grubu squat jump (SJ) (n=12) ve B grubu countermovement jump (CMJ) (n=12) olarak ikiye ayrilmis ve sporculara sezon ici antrenman programinin icerisine yerlestirilmis 8 haftalik pilometrik egzersiz programi haftada 2 gun uygulanmistir. Test kapsaminda SJ, CMJ, durarak uzun atlama, T-test, toplu ve topsuz olarak illionis test protokolu yer almistir. On ve son testte elde edilen veriler, istatistik paket programi ile degerlendirilmistir. Arastirmada parametrik olmayan ve pearson korelasyon testlerinden yararlanilmistir. Sonuc olarak, katilimcilara uygulanan pilometrik egzersizlerin A ve B grubundaki sporcularin patlayici guclerine, sicrama kuvvetlerine ve cabukluk-ceviklik yetilerine ayni bicimde etki ettigi saptanmistir. Bu calisma sonucunda, 12-14 yas grubunda basketbol oynayan sporcularda sicrama, cabukluk ve ceviklik performanslarini gelistirmek icin pilometrik egzersizlerin, SJ ve CMJ tekniginin olumlu etkisi olabilecegi soylenebilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Basketbol, Countermovement Jump, Ceviklik, Pilometrik Calisma, Squat Jump SUMMARY This study was planned to determine the effects of different strength trainings on agility and jumping abilities of children who play basketball in team of the school at the age of 12-14. 24 male students of a private primary school, within the age group of 13,00±0,95years and with 3±1years training experience have participated voluntarily in this study. The players participating in the study were divided into two groups (A and B groups) and eight-week plyometric exercise program placed within the season training program was carried out by these basketball players twice a week. During this plyometric exercise program, the squat jump, countermovement jump, standing long jump, and T test and Illinois Test Protocol with/without dribbling run have been carried out. Tha data obtained in the pre and post test were evaluated with statistical package program. Non-parametric and pearson correlation coefficient tests in the study have been used. As a result, it was established that the plyometric exercise program carried out by the participants had the same effects on the subjects’ explosive strength, jumping strength and quickness-agility of A and B groups. As a result of this study, it can be said that the plyometric exercise program, squat jump and countermovement jump techniques in the 12-14 age group of basketball players have significant positive effect on the development of jumping, quickness and agility performances. Keywords: Agility, Basketball, Countermovement Jump, Plyometric Training, Squat Jump.
Bu calisma, maksimal kisa sureli egzersiz sonrasi olusan metabolik de~isiklik.leri arastirmak amaciyla planlandi. Calisma yaslan 20 - 23 arasinda ilac ve alkol kullanmayan ve sistemik hastaligi olmayan gonullu 40 asker (er) uzerinde uygulandi. Maksimal kisa sureli egzersiz (17 sn'de 100 m. kosu) oncesi ve sonrasinda deneklerden kan ve idrar ornekleri alindi. Kanda kreatin kinaz (CK), laktik asit; idrarda kreatinin ve vanil mandelik asit (VMA) degerleri saptandi. Bulgulanmiza gore, egzersiz sonrasinda kreatinin degerinin arttigi (oncesi 1.957±0.666 mg/L, sonrasinda 2.212±0.717 mg/L) ancak bu artisin anlamli olmadi~i saptandi. Laktik. asit ortalamasi benzer sekilde egzersiz sonrasinda yuksek bulundu (once 1.755±0.813 mM/L, sonra 6.255±2.647 mM/L, p=O.ooO). Kreatin kinaz da egzersiz sonrasinda onemli bir artis gosterdi (egzersiz oncesi 158.8±67.4 UIL, sonrasi 225.3±1u4.9 UIL, p=O.ool). VMA degerleri de benzer sekilde buyuk artis gosterdi (oncesi 5.337±2.140 mg/L, sonrasi 8.929±4.297 mg/L, p;;o().ooO). Bu calismanin sonuclarina gore, maksimal kisa sureli egzersizin onemli olcude katekolamin desaijina ve anaerobik. Anahtar keUmeler: egzersiz, anaerobik metabolizma SUMMARY This study was planned in order to examine the effects of maximal short-run exercise whicb. leads some metabaHc changes. It was applied on 40 volunter soldiers aged between 20 - 23, who don't have a systematic illness and don 't use any medicine and alcohol. Blood and urine samples were taken, before and after the maximal short-run exercise which takes (100 m race in ITsc) from the samples. Creatine kinase (CK) and lactic acid values in the blood and creatinin, vanil madndelic acid (VMA) values in the urine were determined. According to findings, we observed that creatinin values increased after exercise (before 1.957±O.666 mgIL, after 2.212±O.717 mgIL) but this increase was meaningless. The average of lactic acid was found high as the same after exercises (before L.755±0.813 mMIL, after 6.255±2.647 mM/L, p=O.OOO). Creatine kinase showed also a considerable increase (before 158.8±67.4 UIL, after 225.3±104.9 UIL). VMA values showed an increase after exercise too. (before 5.337±2.140 mgIL, after 8.929±4.297 mgIL, p=O.OOO). Key words: exercise, anaerobic metabolism
Bu calisma 2000-2001 sezonunda Bursa 'da yapilan Turkiye Basketbol Federasyonu Kupasi yan final ve final karsilasmalanm kapsamaktadir. Calismamn amaci, yan final ve final musabakasma katilan takimlann tum istatistikset degerlerini incelemek suretiyle onlann sayi yapabitme kabiliyetleri ile sayi yapmalannda etkili o/an faul yapma, top calma ve top kaybetme davramslanm analiz etmektir. Musabakalara katilan Efes Pilsen, Turk Telekom, Galatasaray ve Ulker Spor kuluplerinin oynadiklan maclar kamera ile kayit edilmis ve elde edilen veriler Kruskal - wallis tek yonlu varyans analiz yontemi ife degerlendirilmistir. Arastirma neticesinde Turkiye'de elit seviyede basketboloynayan takimlann sayi yapabilme kabiliyetleri rakamsalolarak ortaya kondu ve bu takim/ann sahamn nerelerinden daha basanIi ya da basansiz olduklan tespit edildi. Aynca bu uygulama, analizin diger parametrelen' olan faul yapma, top calma, top kaybi ve sayi denemesi icin de tekrarlandi. Takimlar sayi yapmada genellikle potanm tam karsisi olan 2'no lu bolgeyi (8.67±1.64) ve onun hemen sag tarafmdaki 3'no lu bolgeyi (8.50±0.89) tercih etmektedirler. Fakat takimlann cogunlukla sayiyi 5. bolgede (20±1, 70) buldugu anlasilmaktadir. Diger bolgelerdeki sayi bulma becerileri ise birbirlerine yakmdir. Ote yandan takimlarm 1.periyottan (19±0,93) son periyoda (15±1,21) dogru gittikce sayi denemelerinde nispeten azalma gorulmektedir. Sayi yapmada yabanci oyuncularm Turk oyunculara ustunlugu belirgindir. Turk oyuncularm mac basma sayi ortalamasi 5.53±1.07 iken yabanci oyunculann sayi ortalamasi 15.15±2.15 olarak gerceklesmistir. Takimlar top kayiplarmi cogunlukla 2'no lu bolgede (4±0.86) ve genetde son iki periyatta yapmaktadirlar. Bunun yam sira takimlann faul yapma oranlarmda bolgesel anlamda bariz bir fark yoktur. SUMMARY This study incfudes the semi-final and final matches of Turkish Federation of Basketbali, which played in Bursa in the season of 2000-2001. The aim of the study is, to examine the afl statistics values of the teams who joined to the contesI, by this, to analys their scoring ability with the effection of fauls, stealing and laosing bafl on their scoring. The games of Efes Pilsen, Turk Telekom, Galatasarayand Ulker sports clubs were recofded by the camera. The achieved datas have been evaluated by Kruskal-WaJJis' one sided varyans ana/ysis method. The scoring abilities of teams who play in Turkey in elite level, are brought up as numera/ skitl and it is established that in which part of the area, theyare succesful or unsuccesful.Besides, this application is repeated for the other parameters of the analysis (fa u/s, stealing and laosing balls, shoot trying). Teams, generally prefer 2 numbered zone (8,67±1,64) which is immediate/y the opposite of the basket and 3 numbered zone (8,50±O, 89) which is just on the right of it, for scoring. Teams reach the most appropriated scores in 5 numbered zone. The scoring skill value in the other zones are close to each other Trying to shoot for scoring is generally less from 1s1 period to last. The superiority of foreign players is clear according to Turkish players. The scoring average of Turkish players for a match is 5,53+1.07, on the other hand the scoring average of foreign players is 15,15+2,15. Teams mostly do laosing bali in 2 numbered zone and generaliyat the last two periods./t hasn't been seen obvious differences in ratio of fa u/s in different zones.
Arastionada, Turkiye ve Gurcistan A Milli Boks takimlarinin secilmis bazi fiziksel parametrelerinin karsilastirilarak, Turkiye Boks ~-iilli takiminin gelecegi acisindan daha saglikIL ve guvenilir bilgilere ulasumasl1ll saglamak amaclanmistir. Arastinuada yas, boy. vucut agirligi, yag yuzdesi, pence kuvveti, bacak kuvveti, Sll1 kuvveti, esneklik, dikey sicrama, anaerobik guc parametreleri olculdu ve bagimsiz 't' testi ile karsilastirildl. iki takim arasinda boy, vucut agirligi, yag yuzdesi, pence kuvveti, bacak kuvveti, sirt kuvveti, esneklik, dikey sicrama ve anaerobik guc parametrelerinde p>O,05 duzeyinde anlamli farklilik bultinamazken, yas parametresinde p O.05). Consequently, there found no statistically signifieent differenee belween Turkish AnatLOnalboxing tcam and Georgian A National boxing team boih teams have approximately the same level of physieal eharacteiisties. Key WOTds: Boksing, Physieal Characteristies
Bu calismanin amaci, orta yukseklikteki bir rakimda (2200m) yapilan 7 gunluk dagctlik egitim kampina katilan amator dagcilarin serbest radikal duzeylerinde ve dinamik akciger fonksiyonlarindaki degisiklikleri degerlendirmekli. Calismaya yaslari 19- 58 arasinda degisen 33 erkek ve yaslari 19 - 28 arasinda degisen 18 bayan toplam 51 denek katildi. Bu deneklerden tamami spimmetrik olcum testlerine katilirken 9'u bayan toplam 34 denek serbest radikal analizleri icin kan ornegi vermeye gonuiiu oldular. Pony spirometre (Cosmed, italya) ile zorlu vital kapasite (FVC), 1 saniyedeki ekspirasyon hacmi (FEV i), ekspirasyon tepe akimi (PEF), FEVlIFVC % ve FVC'nin farkli dilimlerinde olusan ortaLama zorlu ekspirasyon hava akimlari [(Max25-75), Max-25, Max-50, Max-75)] olculdu. Serbest radikal analizleri icin aLinan kan omeklerinde Superoksid dismutaz (SOD), Nitrik oksit (NO) ve malondialdeh (MDA) analizLeri yapildi. Tum olcumler kampin l.ve 7. gunu gerceklestirildi. Sonuclar erkek ve bayanlarda ayri ayri ve birlikte degerlendirildi. istatistiksel analiz icin Paired- samples T testi kuiianildi. Erkeklerin ve bayanlarin solunum fonksiyon testleri ayn ayri degerlendirildiginde elde edilen degisikliklerin tumii istatistiksel bakimdan anlamsizdi. Her iki gurup birlikte degerlendirildiginde FEV'deki artis istatistiki bakimdan anJamliydl (P<0,05). Yapilan kan analizLeri sonucunda sadece maJondialdeh'daki (MDA) artis ayri ayri ve tum gurupta istatisiki olarak anlamliydi (P<0,05). Sonuc oLarak herhangi bir sebeple dusuk rakimdan oita dereceli yukseklige cikan insanLarin serbest radikal uretimine bagli zararlardan etkilenme riski artar. Anahtar Kelimeler: antioksidan, yuksek irtifa, oksidatif stres ABSTRACT Tlie aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the leves of free radicals and dynamic functions of Jung for the amateur mountaineers who joined a seven day educational, mountaineering camp that was held at an average altitude. Thirty-three men between 19-58 and eighteen women between 19-28 a, totalof 5i subjects participated in the study. While all of these subjects participated in spirometric measurement test, a total of 34 subjects, nine of whom were women, volunteered to give blood samples for free radical anafyses. Forced vital capacity (FVC), the volume of expiration a second (FEV), peak expiration flow (PEF), FEV1IFVC% and average forced expiration flows at the diferrent stages ofFVC [( Max 25-75), Max25, Max-50, Max-75)] were measured with Pony sipirometer. In blood samples fort he free radical analyses, superoxid dismutaz (SOD), nitric oxid (NO) and malondialdeh (MDA) were performed. All the measurcments were conducdcd on thc first and seventli days of the camp. The results were evaluated seperate1y and collaborative1y. For statistical anaLysis, paired- samples T test was used. When both gmups were evaluated coJlaboralively the increase in FEV was statisticaiiy meaningful (P<0,05). As a result of performed blood analyses, whcn both men and women were evaluated sperately and collaboratively only the increase in malondialdeh (MDA) were statistically meaningful in the whole group(P
Yapilan calismanin amaci, 15 - 35 yas arasi bayan basketbolculerin beslenme bilgi ve aliskanliklarini tespit etmektir. Arastirmaya, Ankara'da farkli liglerde oynayan 100 bayan basketboku denek olarak katildi. Deneklere 21 sorudan olusan bir anket uygulandi ve elde edilen bilgiier, sikhk ve yuzdelik dagilimlan belirlenerek de~erlendirildi. Calismaya katilan deneklerin % 68 'inin universite, % 28'inin ortaogretim ve % 4'unun ise ilkogretim mezunu veya ogrencisi olduklan belirlendi. Bayan basketbolculerin % 52'si sporcu beslenmesi konusunda yeterli bilgiye sahip olduklanni belirtirken; % 40'i bu bilgiyi antrenorlerinden aldiklanni belirtmistir. Deneklerin % 63 'u musabakadan once beslenmenin karbonhidrat agirlikli olmasi gerekti~ini belirtirken, % 54'u vitamin hapi kullandiklanni belirtmislerdir. Yapilan bu arastiOlla bayan basketboldilerin buyuk bir kisminin beslenmelerine dikkat ettiklerini ve sporcu beslenmesi konusunda bilgili olduklarini gostermektedir. Anahtar KeHmeler; Basketbol, Beslenme. SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to determine ine nutritional knowledge and habits of female basketbal players aged between IS - 35 years. Totaiiy 100 female basketball players were participated from different leagues from Ankara. A questionnaire included 21 questions were applied to subjects. The results of questionnaire were evaluated by assessing distribution of frequencies and percentages. The subjects were deteOllined as eiiner graduated or studying university 68 %, secondary 28 % and elementary school 4 %. While 52 % of female basketbaii players had sufficient knowledge about nutrition, 40 % of subjects leamed ine information about nutrition from their coaches. 63 % of subjects declerated inat the last meal before the competition should have high carbohydrate content. Also more than half of female basketbali players have used different vitamin drugs. The results of this study indicated that the most of ine female basketball players care about their nutritional status and iney have sufficient knowledge about nutrition. Key Words: Baketball, Nutrition.
Bu arastirmanin amaci; ferdi ve takim sporlarinda erkek ve kiz sporcularin sinif ve spor turu degiskenine gore farkli zekâ tiplerindeki seviyelerinin incelenmesidir. Arastirma grubunu; Afyon, Karaman, Kastamonu, Corum, Istanbul, Batman, Kocaeli, Malatya, Antalya, Konya ve Van il merkezlerindeki orta ogretim kurumlarinda aktif olarak spor yapan; 292'si erkek, 208'i kiz ( X yas=15,9760 + 0,8950) toplam 500, 9.10. ve 11. sinif ogrencisi olusturmaktadir. Arastirmanin amacina ulasmak icin; Saban (2001)1 tarafindan gelistirilen Zekâ Alanlari Envanteri kullanilmistir. Verilerin cozum ve yorumlanmasinda; t testi, One Way Anova (tek yonlu varyans analizi) testi kullanilmis ve gruplar arasindaki farki belirleyebilmek icin tukey testi kullanilarak anlamlilik P<0.05 alinmistir. Verilerin degerlendirilmesinde ve hesaplanmis degerlerin bulunmasinda SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences) paket programi kullanilmistir. Bu calismanin sonucunda; erkek ogrenciler kiz ogrencilere gore mantiksal-matematiksel zekâ alani ve bedensel kinestetik zekâ alanlari yuksek cikmistir. Ayrica; ferdi sporlarla ugrasan sporcularin takim sporu ile ugrasan sporculara gore sosyal ve icsel zekâ alanlari yuksek cikmistir. Sinif degiskenine gore ise; Spor yapan 9. sinifta ogrenim goren ogrencilerin 11. sinifta ogrenim goren ogrencilere gore sozel dilsel zekâ, mantiksal-matematiksel zekâ, icsel zekâ, muziksel ritmik zekâ ve gorsel uzamsal zekâ alani yuksek cikmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ferdi Spor, Takim Sporu, Cinsiyet, Sinif, Coklu Zekâ, ABSTRACT The study aims that analyse of women and men sporty's level in different intelligence types for the purpose of class and sport's description variant in individual and team sports . The study group includes totaly 500 students who study in the 9th, 10th and 11th grade; 292 male, 208 female ( X age =15,9760 + 0,8950) who active in sports in secondary schools and live in the center of Afyon, Karaman, Kastamonu, Corum, Istanbul, Batman, Kocaeli, Malatya, Antalya, Konya and Van cities. In order to the purpose of the study; Intelligence Areas Inventory that was developed by Saban (2001)1 was used. In determining and comment the data, , t test, One Way Anova test was used And the meaningfulness is set at P< 0.05 by using the tukey test in order to determine the difference between groups. SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) packet programme was used for analyzing the data and finding the calculated worth. As a result of this study; male students have higher logical - mathematical intelligence and bodily-kinesthetic intelligence than female students. Furthermore; sportmen who are interested in individual sports have higher social and intrapersonal intelligence as to team sportmen. According to class variant; verbal-linguistic intelligence, logical - mathematical intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence musical and naturalist intelligence, spatial intelligence of 9th grade students who have active in sports are higher than 11th grade students. Key Words : Individual sports, Team sports, Gender, Class, Multiple Intelligence.
Bu arastirmada, basketbolun daha iyi seviyeye gelmesi ve cagdas anlayislarla surduiiilcbilmesi icin, Turkiye ve Amerika'daki Elit Bayan Basketbol Takim oyuneularinm. alt yapilari ve takim sistemleri incelenmis ve aradaki iliskiler tespit edilmeye calisilmistir. Calismanin sporcu grubunu; Amerika Bayanlar Basketboi Kolej Ligi (NCAA) Divison ['de yer alan 240, Turkiye Deplasmanli Bayanlar Basketbol J Liginde yer alan 12R elit bayan basketbolcu olusturiuaktadir. Arastirma; literatur taramasi ve arastll1naei tarafindan gelistirilmis anket yoluyla gerceklesmistir. Uygulanan ankelier, toplam 28 sorudan olusmaktadir. Demografik bilgileri. basketbol sporuyla ilgil i tutum ve dusuneeleri ve basketboloyun anlayislar1l1i olcmeye yonel ik olarak uygulanan anketlerin sonucunda, elde edilen verilerle bilgisayarda SPSS programi kullamlarak istatistik cozumleme yapilmistir. Bu calismanin sonuclarinda, her iki ulke arasinda ortak yonler bulunurken oldukca farkli yaklasimlar da goze carpmistir. Bu da gostennektedir ki, aitik ulkeler arasi bilgi alisverisinin artmasi, raktik ve teknik calismalarin. antrenman uygulamalarinin paylasilmasi. basketbolda ortak bir anlayis gclisririldigini gostermektedir. Bununla birlikte; ulkelerin ekonomik sartlari, spora bak iS acilari, altyapi organizasyonlan ve sporcu egilimlerindeki farkliliklar ise ulkelerin basketbol anlayislarinda degiskenlikleriortaya cikarmaktadir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Basketbol anlayisi, Basketboloyuncusu ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to eontribute to the eontinuous development and modernization of basketbaii philosophy in Turkey. An analysis and evaluation of American and Turkish team philosophy and demographie backgrounds of athletes in elite womens teams was eondueted. A questioiinare, developed by the researcher, was applied to both American and Turkish players. The American samplc eontains 240 women basketball players from the National Collegiate Athlehc Associarion, while the Turkish sample eontains 128 women basketbaii players from the Turkish Women's Basketbaii First League. Demographie information, attirudes towards basketball, and baskctball philosophy were extraeted from the questionnares applied and were statistically analysed using SPSS. Although inforniation net,vorks have greatly improved among eountries in reeent years, there is little eomparative sports researeh eondnered between countries and speeifieally none exist in rhe realm of basketball betvieen the US and Turkey. The results of this study showed that while some similarities exist between both eountnes, signifieant differenees shed light on sueeess faetors. These results show that a eomrnon mentality in baskelball had becn deiieloped by more infonnation transfer. teehnique and taetic studies and ::;haring training exereises. By the way, the eeonOlTIie eonditions, perspeetivies on sport, infrostrueture organizations and athlete training show the variables of eountries basketbaii meritality. Key Words: Basketball philosophy, Basketball player,
Universite ogrencilerinin kardiyopulmoner parametreleri ile VYY, BKi gibi antropometrik parametreleri arasindaki iliskiyi incelemek amaCLyla yapilan bu calismaya 33 denek (Yas: 22.84±2.42 ytl, Boy: 169.42±7.21 cm, VA (Vucut Agirligi): 62.27±880 kg, BKi (Beden Kitle Indeksi): 21.59±1.90 kg/mi) gonullu olarak katilmistir. Random olarak teste alinma Sirasi beli rlenen deneklere J. gun boy, VA (vucut agirligi), dinlenim KAH (kalp atim hizi), dinlenim TA (tansiyon), deri kivrimi kalinligi, solunum fonksiyon testleri ve Quark bi gaz analiz cihazinda kalp debisi (Q) olcumleri (COz iebieathing), 2. gun ise kosu bandinda maksimal oksijen tuketimi (VOzmaks) olcumu yapilmistir. Arastirma sonuclari, VOiinaks ile Maksimal Istemli Ventilasyon (MVV) arasinda 0.482, Q ile Ekspiiatori rezerv volum (ERV) arasinda 0.534, stroke volum (SV) ile Zorlu Vital Kapasite (FVC) arasinda 0.497, MVV ile TA (sistolik tansiyon) arasinda 0.604 ve FVC ile TA (sistolik tansiyon) arasinda 0.465, SV ile boyarasinda 0.425, MVV ile VA arasinda 0.680, MVV ile boyarasinda 0.678 ve MVV ile Beden Kitle Endeksi (BKi) arasinda 0.462 duzeyinde anlamli pozitif iliski oldugunu gostermektedir. Ayrica, VOirnaks ile Vucut Yag Yuzdesi (VYY) arasinda -0.519 ve MVV ile VYY arasinda -0.569 duzeyde anlamli negatif iliskiler tespit edilmistir. Sonuc olarak, herhangi bir spor bransinda duzenli olarak antrenman programlarina katilmayan ancak fizikselolarak orta d uzeyde aktif olarak nitelendirilebi lecek BESYO ogrencilerinde kardiyopulmoner parametreler birbirleri ile ve bazi temel antropometrik parametreler ile iliskili bulunmustur. Anahtar Sozcukler: Maksimal oksijen tuketimi, Kalp debisi, Solunum fonksiyon testleri, Vucut yag yuzdesi. ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was tr investigate refationship between cardiopulmonary and physical parameters in university students. po total of 33 Physical Education and Sports Student (Fourteen female and nineteen male) participated in the 3tudy. Age, height and body weight values of subjects were 22.84±2.42 year, 169.42±7.21 cm, 62.27±8.80 kg respectively. During the first day of study height, weight, resting heart rate (HRrest), resting blood pressure (RTA), skinfold thickness, respiratory function tests and cardiac output and in the second day. VOimax test were performed on motorized treadInii! in arandamly fashion. According to results, theie were significant relationships obtained between VOimax and MVV (0.482), Q and ERV (0.534), SV and FVC (0.497), MVV and Systolic blood pressure (SBP) (0.604), FVC and SBP (0.465), SV and height (0.425), MVV and weight (0.680), MVV and height (0.678), MVV and Body Mass Index (BMI) (0.462). On the other hand, there \Yere moderate level significant negative relationships fonnd between VOimax and body fat pereent (%BF) (0.5 i 9). MVV and %BF (-0.569). In conclusion, there were moderate level relationships in between cardiopulmonary parameters, and between cardiopulmonary and some of the fundemental anthropometric parameters in modeiate level active physical educalion and sport students. Keywords: Maximal oxygen uptake, Cardiac output, Pulmonary function tests, Body fat percentage.
Besinlerin sporcu performansindaki onemled bilinmektedir Vucuda enerji saglayan besin ogelerinden bifide karbonhidratlardir.. Karbonhidra/lar:besinlerimizde en cok bulunan besin ogesidir. Normal diyet alan yetiskinlerde gunluk enerjinin %55-60 ' i karbonhidratlardan saglanir.Sporcunun vucudunu gelistirmesi ,sag!Jglnl korumasi ve yuksek bir spol1if verimlifige ulasabilmesi ,ancak dengeli,duzenli ve amaca uygun beslenme yoluyla olur(Yaman 2000). Dunya konjukturundeki gelismeler al1lk gunumuzde pirim verilen tek konunun basan oldugunu ortaya koymustur.Son yJllarda ferdin spor faaliyet duzeyi ne olursa olsun performansm yukselmesini amaclamistirBu cercevede son on yildir gerek akademik gerek ferdi sporlarda gerekse takim sporlannin bircogunda yansma oncesi ve sonrasinda performansi arttirmak amaciyla bilincsizce ceslr/i bilesikler kullanilmaktadir.Bu konuda dunyada yapJlan cesitli arastirmalar (jzellikle yansma oncesi seker altmi konusunda degisik gorusler ol1aya cikarmislir. Anahtar K9Iimeler:Karbonhidrat,Sporcu SUMMARY lt is known that nulriments are importanl on spol1sman performance an done of the elements that gives energy lo the bady is caroohydrates .carbohyrades are the mostelements that exisls in our fodss.Adults in norma/ly diet takes [heir energ;es. %55-60 percent from caroonhydrates.for the develop the bady and provide Ihe health and for a high sport succes can be only with balenced and regular and aim appropdate filling.new develops in world conjuncture in nowadays the most important thing in sports in succes. In any case it has been intended to lake the person 's activity level higher in recenI years. In this case in last ten years both in induvidal and leam sports before and after the competition different compands are using in unconsiauslly. In this topic in the world various investigations especialiy before the competition in purchasing sugar differenf opinions appeared. Keywords: Caroohyrate, Sportsman
OZET Bu arastirmanin amaci, “Yore Halkinin Erzurum Kis Sporlari Turizmi Ile Ilgili Sosyo-Kulturel ve Ekonomik Beklentileri” basligi altinda Erzurum’da yasayan insanlarin kis turizminden sosyo-kulturel ve ekonomik beklentilerinin seviyesini ortaya koymaktir. Arastirma anket yontemi ile gerceklestirilmistir. Arastirmanin evrenini Erzurum Buyuksehir Belediyesi sinirlari icerisinde yasayan bireyler olusturmustur. Calismanin orneklemini ise Erzurum da yasayan 15 yas uzeri erkek ve kadinlar olmak uzere toplamda 1372 kisi olusturmaktadir. Yore halkinin kis sporlari turizmi ile ilgili beklentilerini belirlemek amaciyla gelistirilen beklenti olcegi, alpha istatistik yontemi ile gecerlilik testine tabi tutulmustur. Beklenti olceginin gecerlilik oraninin ,95 oldugu belirlenmistir. Toplanan bilgi ve verilerin analizinde istatistiki paket programlari kullanilmistir. Arastirma grubunda, kis sporlari turizmi ile ilgili degiskenlerde farkliliklarin oldugu anlasilmaktadir. Katilimcilarin %50’sine yakinin gelir duzeyleri 750 TL oldugu, yaklasik % 58’i ortaogretim mezunu ve %75’ne yakini ise Erzurum dogumlu olduklari anlasilmaktadir. Yine katilimcilarin %75.78’i sosyo-ekonomik beklenti icinde olduklarinin yaninda, %80.8 ile “Kis sporlari turizmi gelistikce, yore halkinin kayaga ilgisi artacaktir” gorusu on plana cikmistir. Sonuc olarak yore halkinin Erzurum kis sporlari turizmi ile ilgili yuksek oranda sosyokulturel ve ekonomik beklentiler icerisinde olduklari tespit edilmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Beklenti, Ekonomi, Sosyo-Kulturel, SOCIAL-CULTURAL AND ECONOMICAL EXPECTATIONS OF ERZURUM’S INHABITANTS ABOUT WINTER SPORT TOURISM ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to determine the level of the socio-cultural and economical expectations of Erzurum’s inhabitants about winter sport tourism. The investigation has been made by survey method. People who live in the boundary of Erzurum Municipality has joined the survey. It has consisted of males and females above the age of 15, totally 1372 people who live in Erzurum. Expectation scale which has been developed to determine the expectations of the Erzurum’s inhabitants from winter sport tourism has been depended on the validity rate of expectation survey, it is determined as 95 percent. Statistical packet programs have been used in the analysis of the information and data gathering. It has been determined that there are differences in the variables of investigation group about winter sport tourism. It was determined that approximately 50 percent of participants income level were 750 TL, 58 percent of participants graduated from secondary school and about 75 percent of those were born in Erzurum. Beside the fact that, 75 percent of these people have social-economic expectations, the view claiming that the interest of local people in skiing would increase by the winter sports tourisms improved. Consequently, it is clear that the inhabitants have great socio-cultural and economical expectations about Erzurum winter sport tourism.
incelenmesi amaciyla yapilmistir. Gazi Universitesi Beden Egitimi ve Spor Yuksekokulu bayan ogrencilerinden 4 i sagllkli - gonullu denegin katilimiyla gerceklestirilmistir. KAH, sistolik ve diastalik basinc, dikey sicrama, yatay sicrama, esneklik ve i OxSm. mekik kosu testi degerleri alinmistir. Istatistiksel analizde SPSS 13.0 paket programi kullanilmistir. Grup ici degerlendirmelerde paried simple t- testi, gruplar arasi degerlendimielerde ise One Way ANOVA testi uygulanmistir. Gruplarin on test-son test olcumleri arasinda; A ve B gruplarinda sistolik ve diastalik basinc, KAH, dikey sicrama ve anaerobik guc degerlerinde, B grubunda yatay sicrama degerinde, C ve D gruplarinda ise esneklik degerinde istatistikselolarak anlamli sonuclar tespit edilmistir. Gruplar arasi karsilastirmalarda, son test olcumlerinde sistolik ve diastolik basinc, KAH, yatay ve dikey sicrama, IOx5in rnekik kosusu degerlerinde anlamli farkliliklar gozlenmistir. Sonuc olarak bayanlara uygulanan dort farkli isinina cesidinin bazi performans degerleri uzerine etkisinin oldugu tespit edilmistir. Anahtar Kelime/er: IS1l1l11O, performans, bayan ABSTRACT This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different warin-up varieties applied to female on performance values. The subjects of the study consist of41 female healchy volunteer students from the School of Physical Education and Sport, Gazi University. The test values of HR (heart rate), systolic and diastolic pressures, vertical jumping, horizontal jumping, flexibilityand i Ox5 m shuttle run, respectively. in statistical analysis, the pocket programme of SPSS J3.0 was used. Paried samples t- test was used for in-group evaluations, while One Way ANOVA was used for inter-group evaluations. Between pre-test measures and flnal test measures, statistically signiflcant results were detennined in the values of systolic and diastolic pressures in Group A and Group B, in the value of horizonta! jumping in Group B, in the flexibility value in Group C and Group D. In the comparison of inter-groups, In unal-test measures, signi ficant differences were observed in the values of systolic and diasiolic pressures, HR. horizonta! and vertical jumping, 10x5 mshuttle mn. Consequently, we determined that four wann-up varieties app!ied to female have effect on same performance values. Key Words: warm-up, peijormance, female
Bu calismanin amaci. Genclik Spor Genel Mudurlugu spor federasyonlannda gorev yapan genel sekreterlerin liderlik tiplerini belirlemek ve elde edilen bilgiler isiginda oneriler gelistlliliektir. Ar~tllma tarama modelindedir. Arastirma problemine iliskin mevcut bilgiler ilgili literaturun taranmasiyla konu hakkinda teorik bir cerceve olusturulmustur. Ayrica arastirma ile ilgili veriler, Nebraska Universitesinde Frcd Luthans tarafindan gelistirilen Liderlik Yonelim Envanteri jle toplamistir. Arastirmanin calisma e,,:renini, Genclik ve Spor Genel Mudurlugu spor federasyonlannda gorev yapan 46 Genel Sekreterden olusmaktadir. Envanter arastirma evreninin tamamina uygulanmis 42 envanter degerlendirmeye alinmis, veriler bilgisayar ortaminda SPSS 10.0 Istatistik Paket Programi ile analiz edilmistir. Oncelikle verileiin yuzde ve frekans dagilimlari cikarilmis ardindan deneklere ait sonuclar ile bazi degiskenler arasinda anlamli farkliliklar aranmistir, veriler t- Test.i ve Varyans analizi ile karsil~tirmah olarak incelendikten sonra elde edilen sonuclar degerlendirmeye alinmistir. Sonuc olarak, grup uyelerine yonelik liderlik davranisi bakumndan farkli yas gruplan, cinsiyetler, hizmet sureleri ve mezun olunan bolumler arasinda anlamli bir farklilik bulunamamistir. Diger taraHan ise yonelik liderlik davramsi bakiinmdan farkli cinsiyetler ve mezun olunan bolumler arasmda anlamli bir fark cikmazken farkli hizmet gruplan arasinda .05 ve yas gruplari arasinda .01 duzeyinde fark tespit edilmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Spor Federasyonu, Lider ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to detennine the Icadership types of the general secretaries working for the sport federations of Directorate General of Youth and Sports and developing hypothesis according to the obtained data. The research uses thc cross-hatching modeL. A theOJ·etkal frame has been developed by exainining the relevant Iiteratiirc that includes infonuation about the research problem. In addition; the data are obtained via the Leadership Orientation Inventory that has been developed by Fred Luthans ofNebraska University. The observation universe of the stiidy is the 46 General Secremries who works at the sport federations of Directorate General of Youth and Sports. The inventory has been applied to whole research universe and 42 of them have taken to consideration. The dat.a have been analyzed with a computer via SPSS io.O Statistics Program. First the perccntages and the dispersal frequency of the data gathered then significant differences between the subjects and some variables searched. After thc data cross - examined via T-Test and variance analysis, result have been evaluatcd. As a result, no significant difference of leadership behaviors found between the members of the group based on age, gender, time of service, graduation department. On the other hand; where there wasn't any significant difference of work oriented leadership between gender and graduation department groups, there was difference of .05 for service groups and .01 for age groups. Key Words: Sport Federation, Leader
Yuksek inifanin dagcilarda bazi fizyolojik parametrelere ve bagisiklik sistemine akut etkisinin arastirildigi calismaya, yas ortalamalari 28 :1= 7,50 yilalan 14 erkek dagci sporcu denek olarak katilmistir. Deneklerin ilk olcumleri ortalama yuksekligi 1200 m olan Nigde'de, ikinci olcuinieri ortalama yuksekligi 2800 m. olan Nigde Demirkazik Dagi'nda tirmanisin 6. gununun sonunda alinmistir. Calismaya katilan deneklerin yuksek irtifadan once ve yuksek irtifada agirlik (kg), boy, anaerobik gucleri, lokosit (WBC), lenfasit yuzdesi (%LY), lenfasit sayisi (LY), monosit yuzdesi (%MO), monosit sayisi (MO), granulasit yuzdesi (%GR) ve granuiasit sayisi (GR) degerleri alinmistir. Olcumler sonucu elde edilen verilerin ortalamalan arasindaki fark paired samples t-test ile sonuclarin anlamlilik dereceleri (P<0,05), (P
