For open sea conditions the sea surface roughness is described as a function of surface stress and wind speed over sea surface by Charnock relation. The sea surface roughnessn in the North-west Pacific Ocean is derived successfully using wind speed data estimated by the TOPEX satellite altimeter. From the results we find that: (1) the mean sea surface roughness in winter is greater than in summer; (2) compared with other sea areas, the sea surface roughness in the sea area east of Japan ( N30°- 40°, E135°- 150°) is larger than in other sea areas; (3) sea surface roughness in the South China Sea changes more greatly than that in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea.
The rainfall data from 1977 to 1999 in summer of Qingdao is counted. According to the analysis of some heavy rainfall, summing up the main weather situation in different periods, which is valuable in improving the forecast of weather with a heavy rainfall and of significance for weather forecasters.
Base on the clay minerals and geochemical data for the southern Yellow Sea,the material sources and transportation of sediments are researched in this paper.While the main material sources of the central and western parts of the southern Yellow Sea are of matter from the Yellow River some are of deep-Sea materials transported by the Kuroshio system.For the area south of 33°N in this region,the sediments mainly come from the Changjiang River.Sediments in the eastern region in the southern Yellow Sea are obviously influenced,by the Korean peninsula,But materials from the Changjiang River also make a contribution to this area,as shown by the geochemistry of the mud there,which also contains seawater eroded coastal and seafloor basement rock of the Korean Peninsula and materials from the Kuroshio.
This paper analyzes the contents of major trace elements in sediment by X fluorescence spectrum through systematic sampling of Cangshan lagoon hole Y86 sample column in Laizhou, Shandong. Combined with previous analyses of granularity, micropleontology and pollen, it recognizes geochemically the lagoon sedimentary facies. The results indicate that there are obvious variations in the characteristics of the contents of Rb、Cr、Nb、Ni、Rb、Sr、Th、V、Zn、Zr and the ratios of Sr/Ba、Sr/Ca、Mn/Fe in different sedimentary facies. There fore it is possible to distinguish lagoon sedimentary surroundings and sedimentary facies according to the contents of the trace elements and the ratios of Sr/Ba,Sr/Ca,Mn/Fe in the lagoon sediment.
This paper analyzes the content of major elements in sediment by X fluorescence spectrum throughof the systemic sampling of Cangshan lagoon Y86 site sample column in Laizhou, Shandong. It recognizes the lagoon sedimentary facies on geochemical combine with the foregone analysis of granularity , micropaleontology and pollen . The result indicates that the element of Al, Fe, Mn and Ti are enriched in clay sediment, Ca and Mg are influenced obviously by climate and Mn and P are influenced obviously by biology.
Based on the measured data from the project sponsored by the MLR,Investigation and Research on Shenzhen-Zhuhai Nearshore Marine Geological Environment and Geological Hazards and their Prevention,the dissolved harmful heavy metals in Dapeng Bay of Shenzhen and the Pearl River Estuary are analyzed and discussed in this paper.The results show that their concentrations and compositions are different and are related to their physical and chemical environments.The concentrations of the dissolved metals in the water are lower than those in the surficial sediments and borehole samplers except Pb,Cu,and Cr in the Pearl River Estuary.Finally,water quality assessment is conducted according to state standards which reveals that Cr~(+6),Cu and Pb in Dapeng Bay and Pb and Cr~(+6) in the Pearl River Estuary are below the standards,which is directly related to human activities.
The structure and function of the digestive system of Scapharca subcrenata was studied by anatomical, histological and histochemical methods. The digestive system of Scapharca subcrenata consists of the digestive tract and digestive diverticula.The digestive tract is composed of the labial palps, mouth, esophagus, stomach, style sac, intestine, rectum and anus. The tract except the labial palps and style sac consists of mucous membrane, submucosa lamina, lamina muscularis and adventitia. The mucous membrane is made up of epithelial lining and lamina muscularies mucosae. The type of epithelial lining is simple ciliated columnar epithelium, but the mouth and the esophagus are pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. A part of the stomach and the intestine has no muscular layer. The adventitia is composed of fibrosa, except serosa covering the wall of ventical mouth. The digestive diverticula is the type of compound tubuloacinar gland which communicates with the stomach by a system of ducts. The glandular epithelium is formed by four types of cells :embryo cell (E-cell),fibrillar cell(F-cell),resorptive cell(R-cell) and secretory cell(B-cell). There are phagocytes in the lumen of mouth, esophagus, stomach and intestine. Intense alkaline phosphatase activity was detected in the epithelium of intestine glandular epithelium. The epithelium of stomach and intestine and glandular epithelium show strong activity of acid phosphatase. Ca and Fe exist in the submucosa lamina of stomach and intestine the glandular epithelium, and the connective tissue of the digestive diverticula.
Affinity chromatography is one of the most important tools in protein research. In this article, the simple principles and application of affinity chromatography including IAFC, LAFC, DNA/RNA-AFC, IMAC and DAFC as a method for protein research is described. It also summarizes the new techniques of TAP and SELDI in proteomics. Finally, it puts forward some problems in the application of affinity chromatography and forecasts its future development.
The systematic and scientific observation of the gestation, parturition and lactation of dolphins in the wild is very difficult,but the reproductive process of captive dolphins has often been recorded. On March 20,2003 the Beijing Aquarium acquired six bottlenose dolphins from Japan. One individual, which was to be known as “270”,gave birth to a male calf on June 19,2003.The birth was successful. The mother and calf were observed day and night for two weeks. During its first year the calf grew well. This article describes the processes of 270's gestation, parturition and lactation in detail, and explains the physical husbandry and social management given by the trainers and veterinary staff.
Progress in the study of rotifer resting eggs is reviewed. The morphology of resting eggs, factors influencing resting egg production, the hatch forms of resting eggs, factors influencing the hatch of resting eggs and the researches on resting eggs in natural ponds are discussed.
The concentration of viruses in seawater isbetween 10 7 -10 9 particles/ml. Diverse forms of marine viruses probably infect all organisms. About 5%to 40%of halobios aredistroyed by viruses. The death of 30% of the blue-green algae and 60% of free heterotrophic bacteria is relatedto viruses. Twenty-six percent of the earth's carbon cycle isthrough marine viruses.Marine virusesinfluence many biogeochemical and ecological processes, including nutrient cycling, particle size-distribution and sinking rates, bacterial and algal biodiversity and species distributions, algal bloom control,global clime, and genetic transferbetween species. There are sufficient chances for intraspecies and interspecies contacts to take place among marine organisms, providing conditions for the transfer and variation of viruses. It makes the marine system become a great diversity of wild virus pools. Marine viruses not only influence the whole marine ecological system as a result of infection on the important species related with ocean primary productivity and secondary productivity,such as bacteria, cyanobacteria, eucaryotic alga, and plankton, but also lead to direct losses in mariculture by causing viral diseases. The ecological characters of viruses have a significant impact on the occurrence and spread of marine organism diseases. The research on marine viruses have made internationally many important progresses, however, in comparison with the damage caused by marine viruses, the research is juyst at its beginning. There is a broad space for its development.
The effects of starvation on the development, feeding and survival of zoeal-Ⅰlarvae of Marsupenaeus japonicus was observed . The effect of starvation on the survival probability and metamorphosis were significant. And the relationship between the metamorphosis time of zoeal-Ⅰ(Y,h) and the starvation time(X,h) could be describled as :Y=1.4206X+22.167(R 2 =0.9966). The effect on the first feeding was remarkable.The PNP 100 (point of no return) for zoeal-Ⅰlarvae was about 40 hours based on this experiment.
The concentrations of Heavy metasl in the Nansihu Lake's surface sediments were sampled at 20 locations in order to determine the spatial distribution of heavy metals and the degree of contamination in different areas of Nansihu Lake. The concentrations of heavy metals in the sufrace sediments of Nanyanghu Lake were significantly higher than those in any other area of Nansihu Lake. Dushanhu Lake suffered the worst Pb, and Mn contamination. Zhaoyanghu Lake was slightly polluted.
The trophic structure of macrobenthos in Tanggu littoral zone, Tianjin city was investigated in June 2003. The mean value of secondary production in the studied area was 42.02g/m~(2)(AFDW).The trophic structure in the investigation zone consisted of 4 trophic levels. There were fewer species of macrobenthos at some trophic levels, and the biomasses of the macrobenthos was very different. The trophic structure of this zone was not reasonable, and on this basis, some advice for bioremediation is also discussed in this paper, such as transplant and the restrainability of macrobenthos.
The oil in kandelia fruit was extracted by ethoxyethane. According to the analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, more than 36 Peaks were separated and 32 compounds were identified. The identified constituents represent 86.89% of the peak area of the oil. The main compounds were n-tetracosanoic acid, 1,2-epoxynonadecane,nonacosane, docosadienoic acid,etc.
By using the method of transmission electron microscopy(TEM), the effect of three cadmium ion concentrations on the ultra structure of kidney cells of carp Cyprinus carpio was revealed for the first time. The results showed that the main alterations were in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum for these three cadmium concentrations. First of all, the mitochondrial double membranes partly of fully disintegrated and there are a few blank regions in mitochondria. Secondly, the cristae were separated, swell and twisted. The endoplasmic reticulum had swelled, vesicled and twisted. The lysosome also had changed.
Deterministic numerical models of the soil unsaturated zone can be widely applied to the fields of agronomy, environment,engineering etc.With the combination of the theories of single-porosity,dual-porosity and multiphase flow in the unsaturated zone with some problems these theories encountered in practical uses, the paper gives an account of the latest foreign advances in the deterministic numerical models of the soil unsaturated zone in recent decades,most of which have been in commercial applications.
We go along a acute toxicity test of benthic fauna Bullacta exarata for about 24 hours in order to evaluate the effect of heavy metal Pb to benthic fauna in coastal tidal flat of Changjiang Estuary. The results show that the 24hLD 50 of Bullacta exarata is 0.275 g/L and the 24hLD is 11.5g/L. We analyze the heavy metals concentration of Bullacta exarata. Shows that the concentration of Pb in Bullacta exarata grows with the increasing concentration of Pb in experiment groups and the reconcentration of Pb in Bullacta exarata and that of experiment groups can be described by a cubic curve. The effect of the increase of Pb on Bullacta exarata is that the concentrations of Cu and Zn decrease first and then slowly recover at 4g/L . The effect of the increase of Pb on the concentration of Cr in Bullacta exarata is that the concentration of Cr has three peak values at 0.1, 1 and 8g/L. This shows that is a certain amount of coordination among the actions of the heavy metals in the benthic fauna.
Oceanographic Buoy Shuidong-1 was located near Shuidong Habour, where the water depth is about 25m,equipped with a wavemeter、ADCP、CTD and an anemometer. The waves,currents in different layers,tide, temperature and winds were measured from November 2000 to October 2001. The characteristics of the tidal currents are as follows: The tidal current direction with the maximum frequency in the surface and middle layers was WSW. The direction of the low frequency current with maximum frequency was also WSW. The surface mean frequency of low frequency WSW current from October to the next April was 52.1%; The mean frequency of the low frequency WSW current in the middle layer from October to next April was 52.6%. The surface mean frequency of the low frequency WSW current from May to September was 25.5%; The mean frequency of the low frequency WSW current in the middle layer from May to September was 21.3%.
SPOT-5 HRG 1A data was extensively used in the marine fuctional zoning of Qingdao city. We chose the software of GEO image to process the Spot digital images. This technology includes image orthretification, radiation processing, image fusion, etc. After which, we obtained the fused images with a high spatial resolution of 2.5 m and a good spectral resolution. These images provide more detailed and truthful information in the marine fuctional zoning vectorgraph.
