Background: Diabetes mellitus poses a serious health challenge worldwide and there has been an increased awareness for self-monitoring and point of care testing. There are different methods to determine blood glucose levels and glucometers have been of help to improve turn-around time. Comparison of glucose result by spectrophotometer method and glucometer was done in this study. Materials and Methods: 200 subjects male and female ages 20 and above were tested using methods involvingglucometer and spectrophotometer. Result: 185(92.5%) has glucose level (random blood sugar) within normal range,15(7.5%) above normal range by spectrophotometer while 180 (90.0%) showed glucose level within normal range and 20(10.0%) above normal range by glucometer using Normal range as 3.5-11.0mMol/L. Statistical comparison of blood glucose result by the two methods using students’t-test showed significant difference (P<0.05). Correlation analysis of the two methods shows strong correlation which is significant at P<0.01. Conclusion: The study established the fact that there is a significant difference between blood glucose result obtained from spectrometric method and glucometer but there is a strong correlation in glucose estimation.
Background: Wound infections continue to be problematic in clinical practice where empiric treatment of infections is routine.These infections play an important role in development of chronicity consequently delaying wound healing.Objectives: For identification of bacterial pathogens present in infected wounds and for determination of their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern from patients with pus and/or wound discharge.Methods: A prospective study was conducted at Burdwan Medical College and Hospital over a period of three months (from March to May, 2017).Wound swab samples were collected from each study participant and inoculated onto appropriate media.The bacterial pathogens were identified using standard microbiological methods, Vitek 2 (bioMérieux) GN-ID card and 16S rRNA gene sequencing carried out by ABI 3500 Genetic Analyzer.Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using disk diffusion technique following Kirby-Bauer method.Methicillin resistance in staphylococci was determined by cefoxitin disk diffusion (DD) test.ESBL was detected by phenotypic confirmatory disk diffusion test (PCDDT) using ceftazidime alone and in combination with clavulanic acid.MBL detection was done by imipenem-EDTA combined disk diffusion test (CDDT).Results: Out of total 153 specimens 114 bacterial isolates (38.6% Gram positive isolates and 61.4% Gram negative isolates) were recovered showing an isolation rate of 74.5%.Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most frequently isolated bacteria accounting for 27(23.7%).Polymicrobial infection was found in 8(7%) of the infected wounds and was mainly constituted by two species.Moreover, 8 MRSA isolates and 3 ESBL and MBL producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates were obtained.52.6% of bacterial isolates had MAR index > 0.2.Out of them 38(63.3%)were MDR isolates.Conclusions: Prevalence of bacterial infections reached in high amount showing Klebsiella pneumoniae the most dominant one.As multidrug resistance among bacterial population is a major threat in recent years, so a constant and careful worldwide surveillance for them is urgently warranted.
As we have witnessed a trend in the recent past years, the consumer is becoming more aware and serious to consume eco-friendly products.The success story of LED Bulb product shows a clear-cut evidence for this.Not only this product but many more technologies are being developed by the companies to maintain its customers.One thing is more important here to mention that the companies is not doing it willingly but it have been forced due to increasing awareness among consumers for Eco-Friendly / Sustainable products which creates a new segment of business.Due to growing importance of eco-friendly products it becomes crucial to study the perception of consumer with respect to sustainable products.It is a comparative study based on primary data which have been collected through structured questionnaire circulated among the respondents of two districts of eastern U.P. i.e.Varanasi and Allahabad.Both the districts and respondents have been selected purposively.The present study analyzes the effect of gender, age, income, education and locality on consumer perception towards using sustainable products.
Studies using Abroma Augusta Mother Tincture have reported beneficial effect from treating in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.Diabetes mellitus is a clinical syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin.There is disturbance of intermediary metabolism mainly manifesting as chronic hyperglycemia.Diabetes Mellitus is a global health problem that is often treated with homeopathy.Objective: The objective of this review will be to evaluate the effectiveness of homoepathic medicines in Type 2 diabetes mellitus with Abroma Augusta Mother Tincture.Material and Method: Thirty cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus (Diagnosed based on clinical history and investigations).Abroma Augusta Mother Tincture prescribed for these cases and follow up every one month up to six months.Results: Over a period of 6 months, there was a significant reduction in all the clinical parameters which includes Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Post Prandial Blood Sugar (PPBS) in test group with t test (P=0.0001) .i.e.Abroma Augusta Mother Tincture showed significant effect compared to the placebo group.ANOVA repeated measures also showed significant difference (P = 0.001).Conclusion: There is a significant reeducation in blood glucose levels in cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus before, during and after with Abroma Augusta Mother Tincture.
Nursing educators have the responsibility to equip nursing students with knowledge about the meaning of life, positive beliefs, and well-being in order to enhance their physical, psychological, spiritual, and social health education and promotion. The purpose of this study was to explore nursing students' simulated directed-learning in a life-education intervention on the meaning of life, positive beliefs, and well-being in regard to immediate and delayed effects in improving physical, psychological, spiritual, and social health education and promotion. The method of this study was constituted a quasi-experimental design with experimental and control groups for pre-test, post-test, and post-post-test. Purposive sampling and non-random distribution were used in the study. Assigned to the experimental group, 54 participants were third-year nursing students enrolled in a health education course with simulated directed-learning in a life-education intervention. Assigned to the control group, 56 participants were third-year nursing students enrolled in a caring care course without simulated directed-learning in a life-education intervention. A 56-item questionnaire was utilized, and the content validity index (CVI) was 0.95, as determined by seven expert scholars. The reliability of the questionnaire (n=45) on Cronbach's alpha were: meaning of life 0.96, positive beliefs 0.95, and well-being 0.96. The statistical package SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze all of the data in the study. Frequencies, percentages, pre-test mean and SD, post-test mean and SD, post-post-test mean and SD, chi-squared test, t test, and generalized estimating equation (GEE) were employed for data analysis. Nursing students in the experimental group compared with the control group exhibited significant differences in meaning of life on the pre-post-test (beta=16.40, P<.001) and pre-post post-test (beta=25.94, P<.001), positive beliefs on the pre-post-test (beta=5.64, P<.01) and pre-post post-test (beta=9.21, P<.001), and well-being on the pre-post-test (beta=14.33, P<.001) and pre-post post-test (beta=23.68, P<.001). Nursing students in the experimental group showed a significant improvement in the simulated directed-learning with a life-education intervention on meaning of life, positive beliefs, and well-being in the immediate and delayed effects that enhanced their physical, psychological, spiritual, and social health education and promotion.
The main objective of this paper is to look at the enabling factors for the sustenance of the social entrepreneurial ventures.This paper is derived from a research study conducted among 63 social entrepreneurs in India.The methodological approach used for the study was a close ended questionnaire with 33 items on a five-point scale.Friedman test was used to analyze the effectiveness of enabling factors for sustaining the social entrepreneurial ventures.The findings show that skills and strategies from the discipline of business administration, entrepreneurship and social work and social supports such as beneficiaries support, government support, and family members support facilitate to sustain the social entrepreneurial venture.This study is limited to Indian social entrepreneurs.This paper suggests to the aspiring and start-up social entrepreneurs to take into consideration the above stated enabling factors to enable them to sustain their venture.This paper is derived from an empirical research carried out to comprehensively describe social entrepreneurs in India.
With the increasing needs of on demand availability of data and ubiquitous access to shared pools of system resources cloud computing has emerged as a successful paradigm to meet dynamic user demands.In addition to this the rise in usage of mobile devices, Internet of Things has gained popularity due to its huge potential to connect physical devices to the internet and thus enabling each device to share data with the surrounding devices and virtualized technologies in real time environment.Consequently skyrocketing data access needs require a new paradigm that can provide wide spread geographical distribution, location awareness and low latency.As a result Fog Computing has been recently introduced to provide real time analytics in heterogeneous environments.This paper gives a close look on FC paradigm and investigates its applications in real life.We discuss security and privacy issues in FC and state of the art of Fog Computing.
Under-nutrition during infancy and early childhood, when the developmental process are in very dynamic state, substantially increase vulnerability to different types of adverse health effects including infection, immune deficiency and other disease, leads to increased risk of premature death.In 2012, globally 162 million children were stunted, 99 million children were under weight, 51 million were wasted and 45% of 6.9 million child deaths occurred in 2011, which were related to under-nutrition. Methodology:Major determinants of malnutrition in sick children fewer than five years of age were evaluated and compared with age matched well nourished children.The nutritional statuses of the subjects (80 malnourished and 80 well nourished) were determined by measuring MUAC.Different socio-economic indicators of the subjects were evaluated and correlated with malnutrition and disease severity to find out the determinants of malnutrition in children of Jimma town.Results: Most of the severely malnourished were resident of rural area (88.8%).Out of 80 malnourished children, 51(63.75%)were belong to families having monthly income <500 birr, where as in well nourished group (80 children) only 22 (27.5%) were belong to families having monthly income <500 birr.In malnourished group 61.8% of children were having diarrheal episode during past 2 weeks.The prevalence of diarrhea in malnourished group was 21.3% which is higher than well-nourished group. Conclusion:Place of residence, literacy status of mother, family size, family income, vaccination, presence TB, marital status of mother, diarrhea, timing of supplementary diet and water sources are the major determinants of SAM.
Diabetes is a major public health problem which occurs both due to environmental and genetic predisposition.The vitamin D deficiency is one of the factor causing type 2 diabetes and increasing its complications.Vitamin D regulates Ca 2+ in humans and CYP2R1 gene methylation decreases vitamin D level.Ca 2+ plays a pivotal role intracellular signal in the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells.So, deficiency of vitamin D due to CYP2R1 gene methylation affects Ca 2+ secretion which further affects insulin level.This fluctuation in insulin level due to CYP2R1 gene methylation might results in type 2 diabetes, although this statement needs further verification via experimental methods.
The introduction to accounting subject is the basic course for all students in the accounting course.Failure to understand the course is naive for the accounting student.For that we need a revolutionary learning model so that students are able to understand the course more easily.The Cooperative Learning method proves that this model is effectively applied so that students are able to ensure a comprehensive understanding for all students in understanding the introductory course of accounting.
Lymphomas are malignant neoplastic proliferations of the immune system, broadly classified as Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) or NonHodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).NHL may present at extranodal sites with18-28 % of Extra Nodal Lymphoma (ENL) developing in the head and neck region.However, there is paucity of data regarding the demography, treatment modalities and end results of primary ENL of Head and Neck in the Indian population.The present paper analyses sixteen cases of primary extranodal lymphomas of head and neck treated at a tertiary cancer centre in South India in a time period of 3 years.The mean age of presentation in our study was 60.6 years with a male to female ratio of 1.28:1.75% of cases presented with swelling in the head and neck region.Radiological evaluation done in 14 cases, of which, 4 were diagnosed as lymphoma.Maxilla was the most common site of occurrence which is in contrast with the literature where salivary glandsis the commonest site.Histopathological diagnosis was NHL in all cases (100%).The predominant subtype was DLBCL (31%).Lymph node involvement was noted in 31% cases, ipsilateral alone in 25% and bilateral involvement in 6.2%.32% cases each were diagnosed at Stage IEA and 2EA.Of 13 patients who received treatment, 76.9% cases received chemotherapy, 35.7% received radiation and 38.4% received both chemotherapy and radiation.Of the 8 patients who have completed treatment, 6 had achieved complete response and 2, partial response to treatment.One patient succumbed to disease while 4 were lost to follow up.
Public transportation (PT) and intermediate public transportation (IPT) are very important component of urban system.Their contribution to the physical, economic, social and cultural development to any city is very well documented.The holistic growth of city, primarily depends on the quality of both.But now a days, the pressure on PT and IPT are rapidly increasing due to hasty growth in population of urban cities, which results in dilapidation of quality.The poor quality of PT and IPT results in increasing dominance of private vehicles.Therefore, to improve service quality and address the various issues, assessment of PT and IPT is needed.This study is concerned about the assessment of PT and IPT for Udaipur city and identifies the major issues related with service quality.In this paper, assessment of PT and IPT is done by the method of route rationalization, which helps to find the issues related not only to service quality but also to physical quality.This paper provides an overview on literature study, research methods and methodology, existing PT and IPT characteristics of Udaipur city.Also, the end of this paper concludes with suggestion to improve service quality of PT and IPT in case study area.
Many xenobiotic compounds have long-term stability in soil, and their persistence results in significant impact on the soil ecosystem.A laboratory study was done to determine the impact of two selected insecticides, Oxydemeton Methyl (Organophosphorus), Emamectin Benzoate (Evermectin) and two selected fungicides Dithane-Z-78 (Dithiocarbamate), Benlate (Benzimidazole) on phosphatase enzyme activity in two different soil samples (Black clay soil and Red sandy loam soil) of Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) cultivated fields in Anantapuramu district of Andhra Pradesh, India.The soil samples were treated with insecticides and fungicides at five different concentrations i.e., 10, 25, 50, 75,100 ppm, which are equivalent to field application rates (1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 kg ha -1 ).We observed that phosphatase enzyme activity significantly enhanced at 2.5 kg ha -1 in both the soil samples after 10 days of incubation.After the prolonged incubation upto 30 and 40 days, there was a decline in phosphatase enzyme activity, However stimulation was observed with four pesticides incubated for 20 days at 2.0 kgha -1 .
Background: Adequate pain control has been a concern of dentists throughout the dental profession and of the patients they treat.The developments in pain control have enabled the selection and use of local anesthetic drugs based on the individual requirements of patients and the type of procedures.In the succeeding years, various amide local anesthetics has been introduced Since then; there has been a vast expansion in our knowledge about these drugs and techniques of administration.The present study shows a comparison of articaine and lignocaine as used in cases of surgical extraction of mandibular third molars.Aims: To compare the anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine with 1:100000 adrenaline versus 2% lignocaine with 1:100000 adrenaline with post-operative pain and adverse reactions associated with both the drugs in inferior alveolar nerve block during surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars.Methods and materials: This was an in vivo study conducted in Oral and Maxillofacial Department of DAV Centenary Dental College.131 patients were randomly selected arranged in group 1 and 2. Group 1 consisted of 66 patients receiving 4% articaine with 1:100000 adrenaline while Group 2 consisted of 65 patients receiving 2% lignocaine with 1:100000 adrenaline.Results: It was found that the time taken to achieve the subjective onset of anesthesia, objective onset of soft and hard tissue anesthesia was comparatively shorter for 4% articaine with 1:100000 adrenaline than 2% lignocaine with 1:100000 adrenaline.
The study was targeted to optimize the terrific extraction method for straining out maximum yield of phytochemicals occurs in the preferred plant, to decide the solvents and its ratio used for process being "Cold maceration" as well and to weigh the percentage yield of excerpt by means of the selected solvents and its measure.The official method was found to be best for extracting thermo labile substances also.The solvents were selected proportionality of the solvents was fixed by calculating the extractive value practicing a short term technique that is "Ultra sonication" at 40.0 menstruum temperature.The % yield of 7.40%w/w respectively by Ultra sonication.The quotient was fixed as 50:50 v/v of water ethanol.Then the cold susurration was experimented out with hydroalcoholic mixture for 7 days taking 350.0g of drug and 2000.0ml of menstruum.The yield of extract was determined as 28.91%w/w.The juice prepared could be utilized for making natural f toxic and stable from fungal infection.The product might be applicable for detection of active secondary metabolites which are being the part of plants by both qualitatively and quantitatively fit in herbal research run with al in herbal formulation development.
Denture characterization in the field of prosthodontics has seen an upsurge in the recent times.There is an increase in the esthetic demands of the patients as well.The various processes allow the dentist to construct a denture with high esthetics and a high economic value.This review article discusses a brief overview on the ways in which we can characterize both artificial teeth by altering their positions and the methods employed in tinting the denture bases.
