Renal colic is a common urological emergency marked by acute, severe pain, often requiring opioid analgesia in the emergency department (ED) when NSAIDs are ineffective or contraindicated. Despite widespread use, direct comparisons between morphine and fentanyl remain limited. To compare the efficacy of intravenous morphine and fentanyl in adults with renal colic, with ED length of stay as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included recurrence of ED visits, discharge, and admission rates. This retrospective study analyzed 1,620 patients aged 16-65 who presented with flank pain at two tertiary hospitals in Bahrain. Inclusion criteria were confirmed renal colic, VAS >4, opioid administration, and adequate documentation. Patients were grouped based on the initial opioid received. Variables analyzed included demographics, pain scores, rescue analgesia use, ED length of stay, disposition, and recurrence. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS with one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. In the cohort, 40.8% received morphine and 59.1% received fentanyl, with fentanyl initially linked to a significantly shorter emergency department stay (195 vs. 237 minutes; p<0.001), though this difference disappeared after adjusting for factors like pain score, age, gender, and renal stone history. While admission and recurrence rates were comparable, fentanyl was associated with higher discharge rates and morphine with fewer referrals, even after controlling for confounders. Both opioids proved effective for renal colic management. Opioid choice should be guided by clinical context and distinct pharmacokinetic properties. Further prospective studies are warranted to refine opioid selection in this setting.
Breast cancer, particularly Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC), is the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide. Early detection remains challenging, especially in younger women. Endothelin-Converting Enzyme-1 (ECE-1) and Mannan-Binding Lectin (MBL) have emerged as potential biomarkers due to their roles in tumor angiogenesis, immune modulation, and inflammatory pathways. This study evaluated serum ECE-1 and MBL levels in distinguishing malignant from benign breast disease. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 females (20-40 years) divided into three groups: IDC (n=40), benign braeast disease (BBD, n=40), and healthy controls (n=80). Serum ECE-1 and MBL were quantified using sandwich ELISA. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, Tukey post-hoc tests, Pearson correlation, and ROC curve analysis, with p<0.05 considered significant. IDC patients showed significantly elevated serum ECE-1(62.57 +/- 8.34 U/L) and MBL (221.03 +/- 23.31 ng/mL) compared to BBD (28.12 +/- 3.51 U/L; 160.6 t 21.86 ng/mL) and controls (8.54 +/- 1.56 U/L; 81.82 +/- 6.41 ng/mL) (p<0.001). Both biomarkers correlated positively within patient groups (IDC: r=0.373, p=0.018; BBD: r=0.495, p=0.001). ROC analysis revealed higher diagnostic accuracy for ECE-1 (AUC=0.773; sensitivity 72.8%, specificity 93.1%) than MBL (AUC=0.717; sensitivity 67.2%, specificity 89.7%. Elevated serum ECE-1 and MBL are significantly associated with IDC and may serve as useful non-invasive biomarkers. ECE-1 demonstrated superior diagnostic performance, suggesting its potential utility-alone or within a biomarker panel-for early breast cancer detection and differentiation from benign disease.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and debilitating mental health condition characterized by persistent low mood, anhedonia, and impaired functioning. Although many patients respond to first-line treatments such as antidepressant medications and psychotherapy, a significant subset-referred to as treatment-resistant depression (TRD)-fails to achieve adequate symptom relief despite multiple therapeutic trials. In recent years, non-invasive neuromodulation techniques have been introduced as alternative options for patients with TRD. Among these, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has gained prominence due to its efficacy, safety profile, and favorable tolerability. rTMS involves delivering focused magnetic pulses to targeted regions of the brain, particularly the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which is associated with mood regulation. Compared to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), which is generally more efficacious, rTMS is often preferred by patients as it does not require general anesthesia, does not induce seizures, and has fewer cognitive side effects. Several studies have demonstrated significant improvement in depressive symptoms following rTMS, yet more data are needed from real-world clinical settings to assess its effectiveness across different populations. This study contributes to this growing body of evidence by evaluating the clinical impact of rTMS on symptomatology in patients with treatment-resistant depression using structured outcome measures at different phases of therapy.
Empathy and compassionate care play an essential role in nursing care so they encourage communication effectively, establishing trust with patients and leads to improved clinical outcomes. Therefore, it is important the nursing student understand these concepts and apply them in their clinical work. Nonetheless, the literature supporting the significance of empathy and compassionate care remains limited, reflecting a gap that needs to be addressed, especially in Jordanian settings. The major aim of this study is investigate the levels of empathy, compassionate care among Jordanian nursing students and identify whether there is a relationship between these variables. A total of 337 nursing Students from three major universities in Jordan were included in the study, the study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design and data were collected using the Arabic translated version of Toronto Empathy Questionnaire and the Caring Dimensions Inventory. The results showed that overall mean empathy score was 47.17 (SD = 7.03) that indicate for high level of empathy. While the mean score for compassionate care was 1.88 (SD = 0.50) also indicates to high levels of compassionate care. The Person's correlation test indicated to moderate statistically significant positive correlation between both variables (r = 0.56, p <0.001), which showed that the empathy levels increase when compassionate behavior improves. No observed any significant difference in empathy or compassionate care scores based on sociodemographic characteristics including age, gender, academic year or clinical training area. Nursing students showed high levels of empathy and the caring behavior. Accordingly, nursing education strategies that enhance the empathy and caring behavior, should be developed such as structured clinical sessions and classroom activities. Future Qualitative studies may consider the development of empathy and compassionate care as Students transition into professional practice.
Essential (primary) hypertension is a multifactorial disorder shaped by genetic and environmental factors, with prevalence rising worldwide. Interethnic variability strongly influences drug response. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have highlighted loci such as AGT, ACE, PLEKHA7, CYP4A11, UMOD, ATP2B1, and CACNA1C in blood pressure regulation. Pharmacogenetic variants-including CYP2D6 with beta-blockers, CYP2C9 with losartan, ACE I/D with ACE inhibitors, and UMOD with loop diuretics-affect efficacy, adverse reactions, and dosing. However, most evidence derives from European, Asian, or African cohorts, leaving a major gap for Middle Eastern populations. Saudi data indicate reduced CYP2D6*4 frequency and higher CYP2C9*2/3 allele prevalence, potentially impacting therapeutic outcomes. This review synthesizes GWAS, meta-analyses, and emerging biomarkers such as non-coding variants, microRNAs, epigenetics, and polygenic scores. Yet, translation into clinical practice is limited by insufficient prospective validation, infrastructure gaps, and ancestry-specific data. Future multi-ethnic studies are critical to enable precision antihypertensive therapy and equitable personalized care.
To assess the one-year success rate of fissure sealants applied to first permanent molars among public school students in the Kingdom of Bahrain during the 2022-2023 academic year. Cross-sectional observational study. Public schools across four regions in Bahrain: Southern, Northern, Capital, and Muharraq. A total of 975 students were examined, encompassing 1809 first permanent molars (UR6, UL6, LR6, LL6) that received fissure sealants. The study evaluated sealant retention 12 months post-application using Modified Simonsen's criteria, categorizing each tooth from intact to complete loss with caries. Regional distribution was: Southern 28.0%, Northern 32.8%, Capital 19.1%, and Muharraq 20.1%. Retention rates were low. Non-intact sealants were found in 41.4% of UR6 and 41.3% of UL6 teeth. The lower molars showed the highest rates of missing sealants, with 66.1% (LR6) and 66.2% (LL6) lacking fissure sealants. Only 18.3% of UR6 and 10.5% of LL6 maintained intact sealants after one year. Fissure sealants applied to first permanent molars exhibited a high failure rate within 12 months. While sealants are a recognized preventive intervention for occlusal caries, the findings highlight the need for improved application techniques, quality assurance, and periodic follow-up to ensure long-term effectiveness. These insights can guide future preventive strategies and policy development in Bahrain's school-based oral health programs.
This case report presents a rare and severe manifestation of COVID-19 infection in a young infant. The patient, a 9-month-old girl, presented with symptoms suggestive of respiratory distress and was subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19. During hospitalization, the patient developed supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), which responded to 2 doses of adenosine treatment. Echocardiography also identified cardiomyopathy with impaired cardiac function and intra-cardiac thrombosis of the left atrium, which posed significant clinical challenges. Prompt recognition and multidisciplinary management led to complete thrombus resolution and progressive recovery of cardiac function. This case highlights the importance of recognizing and managing cardiac complications in pediatric COVID-19 patients, including very young infants, and the need for early intervention to improve clinical outcomes.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD)s are common across patients with diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to assess the awareness and knowledge among diabetic's patients about risk factors related to CVDs in Saudi Arabia. This study was an online cross-sectional survey conducted across Saudi Arabia to assess level of knowledge regarding CVDs risk factors among patients with diabetes. A previously validated questionnaire was utilized in this research to examine CVDs knowledge. Regression analysis was conducted to predict significant factors influencing participants' knowledge. The study included 378 participants. The majority of the participants demonstrated good awareness of cardiovascular risk factors. Most correctly believed that smoking is a risk factor (364, 96.3%) and that quitting reduces the risk (355, 93.9%). A high proportion also recognized high blood pressure (332, 878%) and high cholesterol (328, 86.8%) as risk factors, and acknowledged the benefits of blood pressure control (339, 89.9%) and fatty food (343, 90.7%) as contributors to heart disease. The total knowledge score mean was 19.21 +/- 3.58, while the median was 20. A total of 163 participant (43.1%) had a knowledge score above the median. Participants aged 20-30 years were 2.68 times more likely to have better knowledge about CVD risk factors compared to those under 20 (OR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.39-5.18, p =0.003), and those aged 51 and above had a markedly higher likelihood (OR = 11.19, 95% CI: 2.97-42.11, p < 0.001). Students were significantly more likely to had better knowledge compared to non-employed individuals (OR= 10.28, 95% CI: 3.17-33.38, p <0.001), and working participants also showed a significant association (OR = 268, 95% CI: 1.01-7.10, p =0.04). The current study showed that there is good knowledge of these sections among the Saudi population of diabetes, but increasing workshops and training related to this matter is of utmost importance to ensure that all patients, without exception, understand these risks and make them aware that they affect their lives.
This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and practices of ICU nurses in postoperative care following aortic valve replacement (AVR) and to examine correlations between demographic factors, knowledge levels, and practice performance at Madani Heart Centre, Sudan. A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in a hospital setting to evaluate ICU nurses' knowledge and practice and identify factors influencing performance. The study took place at Madani Heart Centre, a tertiary cardiac care facility in Sudan, which provides specialized cardiac surgery and postoperative intensive care services for patients undergoing complex procedures such as AVR. Forty ICU nurses participated. Data were collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire for knowledge assessment and an observation checklist for practice evaluation. Demographic data included age, gender, education, work experience, and previous cardiac training. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0, employing descriptive and inferential statistics to examine relationships and correlations. Most participants were female (80%) and held a bachelor's degree (70%). Overall knowledge and practice levels were moderate (70% and 72.5%, respectively). Higher education, longer work experience, and previous cardiac training were significantly associated with improved scores (p < 0.05). A positive correlation between knowledge and practice was observed (r = 0.63, p = 0.001). The study highlights the need for structured in-service education and continuous professional development to strengthen ICU nurses' competencies in postoperative cardiac care, enhancing patient outcomes in tertiary care settings.
The Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) is widely utilized for standardizing the assessment of thyroid nodules via ultrasound imaging. Reliable evaluation of thyroid nodules is essential for determining the need for fine needle aspiration (FNA) and subsequent management. ] This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of TIRADS in predicting FNA cytology results and to analyze its effectiveness in guiding clinical decisions in thyroid nodule evaluation. A cohort of 100 patients, each presenting with thyroid nodules and undergoing FNA, was analyzed. Two radiologists independently assigned TIRADS scores to each nodule. Inter-rater reliability was evaluated using the kappa coefficient, while the associations between TIRADS scores and FNA findings were determined via chi-squared tests. The findings demonstrated moderate inter-rater agreement between the two radiologists (kappa = 0.453, p < 0.001). Significant associations were identified between specific TIRADS scores and FNA results; notably, TIRAD 2 correlated strongly with benign findings (p=0.120) per Rater 1 and TIRAD 3 showed significant association with benign findings for Rater 2 (p=0.022). This study validates the utility of TIRADS in predicting FNA outcomes, emphasizing its role in informed clinical decision-making. Recommendations for bolstering diagnostic accuracy include standardizing radiologist training and ensuring regular updates on TIRADS guidelines to promote consistent application in clinical practice.
Although laser lithotripsy has improved the efficacy of ureteroscopic management of ureteric stones, significant complications still occur. Several factors were found to be associated with the occurrence of such complications. To predict the factors that might be associated with complications during ureteroscopy using laser stone fragmentation. A retrospective study (Jan 2022-Sep 2025) and a prospective study(Jan 2022-Sep 2025) were performed on 1073 patients with stones in the ureters recruited from multiple hospitals in Mosul City (Iraq). Clinical assessment of the patient's condition was conducted, focusing on postoperative complications. Among the study sample, the overall complications were 4.8%. The most frequent complications were mucosal tear in 33.3% and postoperative fever in 23.5%. Most of the patients with complications were males, and the stone was located on the left side, with no statistically significant differences. Significant differences were found concerning the presence of ureteric abnormality (stricture, stenosis or ureteric kink), the stone diameter, ureteric stone location, the number, and the diameter of the ureteroscope used. The complications were low with no gender discrepancy, but several factors, such as the presence of ureteric abnormalities, diameter of the stone more than 10 mm, presence of multiple stones, stones in the proximal part of the ureter, together with using the larger size ureteroscopes, were associated with higher frequencies of complications.
Extreme fear of social situations is the hallmark of the common mental health condition known as social phobia, affecting academic performance and daily life. Medical students may be particularly vulnerable due to the demands of their studies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate social phobia's incidence and socio-academic correlates among Saudi Arabian medical students studying in Riyadh. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a paper-based questionnaire distributed to a stratified random sample of 828 medical students from three universities in Riyadh. The Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (MINI-SPIN) was utilized to identify students with social phobia, while the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) assessed comorbid anxiety and depression. Social phobia prevalence was 47.2%, higher among males (51.17%) than females (37.17%). Significant socio-academic factors associated with social phobia included lower academic performance (GPA < 3.75), lack of participation in extracurricular activities, and living away from family. Students with a history of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and depression were more likely to experience social phobia. Multivariate analysis revealed that female gender, second-year academic level, and previous experience remained significant predictors of social phobia. The study highlights a high prevalence of social phobia among medical students in Riyadh, with significant socioacademic correlations. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to address social anxiety, improve academic performance, and support the overall well-being of medical students.
Pharmacokinetic studies suggested the need to increase anidulafungin dose in obesity, but the clinical data are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of anidulafungin in obese adults with candidemia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2015 and 2022. Hospitalized adults who received anidulafungin for at least 72 hours for confirmed candidemia were included. The primary outcome was global response, while the secondary outcomes included clinical response on days 7 and 14, 30-day all-cause mortality, candidemia recurrence within 90 days, and length of hospital stay after culture collection. A total of 190 patients were included (70 in the obese group and 120 in the non-obese group). 74% were admitted to the ICU at the time of candidemia. The most common infection site was intravascular (67%), followed by intra-abdominal (29%). No statistically significant differences were found between the obese group and non-obese group in global response (47.1% vs. 56.7%, respectively; P=0.204), clinical response, whether on day 7 (57.1% vs. 60.0%,; P=0.699) or day 14 (52.9% vs. 58.3%; P=0.463), 30-day all-cause mortality (31.4% vs. 31.7%; P=0.973), recurrent candidemia within 90 days (7.1% vs. 6.7%; P=0.900), or length of hospital stay after Candida blood culture collection date (34 days vs. 29 days; P=0.271). Obesity was not significantly associated with differences in the global response, clinical response, mortality, recurrence, and length of hospital stay in hospitalized adults with candidemia. Future studies of larger sample sizes, ideally randomized controlled trials, are needed to confirm these findings.
Due to uncertain diagnosis alongside life threatening consequences, acute abdominal condition considered as a challenging surgical emergency. Clinico-radiological assessments are sometime not sufficient to give a clear confident diagnosis. Laparoscopy can be used as an efficient diagnostic as well as valuable therapeutic tool. Hence, the current study aims to evaluate the role of minimally access approach in such cases. A 53 patient were included in this prospective study between 2023 and 2025. They were clinically assessed and evaluated by laboratory tests and radiological imaging. Laparoscopy was used within the first 24-48 hours in all involved patients. The 53 patients were 29 males and 24 females. The mean age was 36.39 years. The patients consist of Acute appendicitis (10), appendicular abscess (5), appendicular mass (3), acute cholecystitis (13), Empyema of gall bladder (2), peptic ulcer perforation (2), complicated acute pancreatitis (2), mechanical intestinal obstruction (3), intra-abdominal collection (2), complicated liver hydatid (1), ectopic pregnancy (5), complicated ovarian cyst (2) and pyosalpinx (3). In all of them, a preoperative clinico-radiological diagnoses and intraoperative laparoscopic diagnoses were performed with an accuracy of 88.67% and 100% respectively. Conversion rate was 7.54%. Port site infection, wound infection and respiratory complications were reported in 11.31% of all patients. Most cases 77.35% spent 1-2 days in hospital post-operatively. The usage of laparoscopy in emergency setting is very crucial for avoidance of unnecessary 'explorative' laparotomy and alleviate any unwanted harm to the patient and it is excellent effective therapeutic tool achieving required surgical procedures.
Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) has emerged as a promising therapeutic modality due to its ability to induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in malignant tissues with minimal impact on healthy cells(1,2,3,4). This study aimed to evaluate the histopathological and biochemical responses of human breast cancer tissue to CAP exposure, specifically focusing on key oxidative stress and apoptotic markers: malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and caspase-3. A total of 50 freshly excised breast tissue samples (25 malignant and 25 benign fibroadenomas) were subjected to standardized CAP treatment using a dielectric barrier discharge system. Biochemical analyses were performed on tissue lysates to quantify baseline and post-treatment levels of caspase-3, GSH, and MDA. At baseline, malignant tissues demonstrated significantly elevated levels of caspase-3 and MDA and lower GSH levels compared to benign controls, indicating higher apoptotic activity and oxidative stress. Following CAP exposure, malignant tissues showed further increases in caspase-3 and MDA and a marked decrease in GSH, suggesting an intensified pro-apoptotic and oxidative effect. No post-treatment data were available for benign tissues due to the study design. Linear and multivariate regression analyses revealed that baseline GSH and MDA levels significantly predicted post-CAP biochemical changes, especially the magnitude of GSH depletion and MDA elevation. These findings underscore the potential of CAP as a targeted therapeutic strategy for breast cancer by exploiting redox imbalance and apoptotic vulnerabilities in malignant cells. The distinct biochemical profile in response to CAP treatment supports further exploration of CAP in oncologic applications and highlights its selective impact on cancerous tissue.
There are many different types of death. At the top of the international statistics for causes of death are ischemic heart disease, tumor diseases and cerebrovascular diseases such as strokes. These diseases are often accompanied by a long medical history and close doctor-patient contact. The situation is different with deaths resulting from accidents. These often happen outside medical facilities. In these situations first aid is essential for the outcome. However, the first people to reach the patient in such situations are usually not medical professionals. For this reason, the correct training of medical laypersons is of particular interest in emergency medicine. Part of this training is also the recognition of life-threatening or fatal injuries. This article deals with such injuries and discusses the certain signs of death. This article is not primarily addressed to emergency physicians and medical professionals, but to laypersons who offer first aid and instructors who offer first aid courses and train and educate these laypersons.
Vaginal atrophy is a prevalent issue among postmenopausal women who have a variety of symptoms such as discomfort, itching, dyspareunia, increased frequency, urgency, and dysuria. This research compared the results of using the estrogenic vaginal cream Premarin (R) (conjugated estrogens) to those of using the Chinese herbal ointment MEBO to treat postmenopausal vaginal atrophy. A comparative study was done in a private clinic in Al-Ramadi city in Al-Anbar Governorate/Iraq. From the first of February 2022 to the first of February 2023. One hundred patients were allocated to one of two therapies at random. MEBO was taken three times per week for 14 weeks, while Premarin (R) was taken daily for two weeks, then twice weekly for the remaining 12 weeks. Following the completion of the treatment, clinical symptoms, as well as the vaginal maturation index and value, were assessed. All symptoms were considerably decreased or eliminated, including itching, discomfort, and painful intercourse, with no difference between the two therapies. Both treatments considerably increased the vaginal maturation index and vaginal maturation value, with Premarin (R) being marginally superior to MEBO. There were no adverse effects associated with these two medicines. In this study, we found that vaginal application of MEBO three times per week for 14 weeks improved vaginal maturation index and value, alleviating symptoms of vaginal atrophy. MEBO may be an alternative to local estrogen treatment for people with vaginal atrophy.
The study seeks to evaluate comparative diagnostic utility of iron deficiency biomarkers, MCV and serum ferritin in relation to Saudi context and the impact of demographic factors on the diagnostic accuracy of these parameters. This study employs a cross-sectional study design using clinical patient data from a gastroenterology center in Riyad Saudi Arabia. 210 participants were selected using a strict inclusion criterion, patients with confirmed diagnosis of IDA at hemoglobin (Hb) levels below 12 g/dL and serum ferritin concentrations under 100 ng/mL and patients with any confounding chronic or inflammatory condition were excluded. SPSS was used for data analysis using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.The study was conducted at gastroenterology center in Riyad Saudi Arabia, with data collected from July 2022 and July 2023. Findings revealed an inverse correlation between MCV and ferritin (r =-0.337, p < 0.001) along with MCV showing an inverse correlation against Hb (r =-0.487). Females were found to have decreased ferritin levels (r =-0.460, p < 0.001), however, ferritin levels were seen significantly increased with age (r = 0.182, p< 0.008). Additionally, 35.4% of the sample population reported using PPI which potentially increases IDA risk. The study demonstrates MCV and ferritin to be critical but not definitive biomarkers for IDA in Saudi Arabian context, which demands contextual interpretation particularly due to thalassemia and PPI confounders. Findings recommend using both biomarkers simultaneously for improved diagnosis and combining them with additional progressive tests and demographic-specific thresholds.
This study aims to assess mental health literacy (MHL) levels among nursing students at the University of Tabuk and evaluate the effectiveness of existing mental health support structures. Using a cross-sectional design, the research surveyed 78 nursing students via online instrument, employing stratified random sampling to ensure diverse representation across academic levels. The nursing students generally demonstrate strengths in mental health literacy. There were no significant differences in understanding mood disorders and anxiety based on gender, age, academic level, and GPA. However, significant differences were observed in confidence in seeking mental health information, with higher scores among third- and fourth-year students than first and second-year students. Students with a GPA below 3.0 had lower confidence scores. Additionally, attitudes toward mental illness were significantly influenced by age and GPA, with older students and those with a GPA of 3.0 to 3.4 showing more positive attitudes. No significant differences were found regarding willingness to engage with mental health issues. This study concludes that nursing students generally demonstrate positive MHL. Improvements could be made through mental health programs by the Faculty of Nursing to equip future nurses in addressing mental health challenges in clinical practice and improve patient care.
Terra firma-forme dermatosis (TFFD), also known as Duncan's dirty dermatosis, is a benign cutaneous condition characterized by hyper pigmented patches that mimic dirt and resist routine washing but clear instantly with isopropyl alcohol. Although distinct in appearance, it is frequently misdiagnosed, especially in regions where it remains underreported. To describe the clinical presentation, lesion distribution, and diagnostic approach of TFFD in a cohort of patients from Jordan, where awareness of the condition is limited. A retrospective review was conducted of 38 patients diagnosed with TFFD between 2020 and 2025 at two healthcare centres in southern Jordan. Diagnosis was confirmed by alcohol swab test and supported by dermoscopic findings. Demographic data, lesion location, prior misdiagnoses, and treatment outcomes were analysed. Patients ranged in age from 1 year and 2 months to 55 years (mean= 27 years), with a male predominance of 90%. The most commonly affected areas were the neck, face, and scalp. All lesions were resistant to conventional cleansing but resolved immediately with isopropyl alcohol. Several patients had previously received unnecessary treatments before an accurate diagnosis. This study represents the first large case series of TFFD from Jordan. It highlights regional patterns of presentation, emphasizes the value of the alcohol swab test in diagnosis, and calls for increased clinician awareness to prevent misdiagnosis and avoid unnecessary interventions. Further research is recommended to assess the psychosocial impact and actual prevalence of TFFD in Middle Eastern populations.
