Background: Plant exosomes are extracellular vesicles of lipid-protein complexes with potential to increase permeability, biocompatibility and sustained delivery of cosmetic actives. Since these exosomes are prepared through invitro techniques the resultant products are uniform in quality and efficacy. One such plant exosome, Centella asiatica callus extracellular vesicles, based serum was tested for anti-ageing efficacy and safety in healthy human volunteers. Methods: The objective was to evaluate the anti-ageing potential and in-use tolerance of the face serum, at 0 day, 30 days, and 45 days in healthy women volunteers. Primary evaluations included wrinkle assessment using the Jin Ho Chung scale, Antera 3D imaging for wrinkles, fine lines and skin brightness, and MoistureMeterSC for skin hydration along with self-assessments by volunteers for efficacy. Secondary endpoints included dermatologist assessment by Draize scale and self-assessment questionnaires by volunteers for product tolerance. Results: Twenty-six women with a mean age of 43.85±4.21 years and mild-to-moderate crow’s feet wrinkles completed the evaluation. Compared with baseline, the serum significantly reduced wrinkle scores by 9.9% and 14.6% and fine-line scores by 15.8% and 27.0% on day 30 and 45, respectively (p<0.05). Skin luminescence increased by 1.0% and 1.6%, while ITA° increased by 6.9% and 11.1% on day 30 and 45, respectively (p<0.05). Skin hydration improved by 25.4% and 37.2% at the corresponding timepoints (p<0.05). No adverse events were reported. Conclusions: In the current exploratory and monocentric study, exosome-based plant serum demonstrated promising anti-ageing capacity with no adverse events recorded under the tested conditions.
VEXAS syndrome (Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) is a recently recognized adult-onset autoinflammatory disorder caused by somatic mutations in the ubiquitin-activating enzyme UBA1. Since its initial description in 2020, its clinical spectrum has expanded considerably, yet diagnosis remains challenging because of its heterogeneous multisystem manifestations. Cutaneous involvement occurs in up to 90% of patients and is frequently an early or presenting feature, making dermatological findings particularly valuable for clinical suspicion and diagnosis. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on the dermatological manifestations of VEXAS syndrome, emphasizing their role as accessible markers of systemic inflammation. The cutaneous phenotype is highly heterogeneous, encompassing neutrophilic dermatoses, including sweet syndrome-like lesions, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, periorbital edema, and other inflammatory dermatoses. Histopathological findings range from dense neutrophilic infiltrates with leukocytoclasia to nonspecific perivascular inflammation. Emerging genotype-phenotype associations suggest that the p.Met41Leu variant is more frequently associated with neutrophilic dermatoses, whereas p.Met41Val may be linked to vasculitic manifestations. We also examine the evolving understanding of the genetic and clonal basis of cutaneous inflammation in VEXAS. Recognition of characteristic skin findings, particularly in older men with treatment-refractory inflammatory dermatoses, cytopenias, and systemic inflammation, should prompt consideration of VEXAS and targeted UBA1 testing. Greater dermatological awareness may facilitate earlier diagnosis, reduce diagnostic delay, and enable timely initiation of potentially life-changing therapy.
Epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa (EBP) is an uncommon variant of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa characterised by severe pruritus, prurigo-like nodules, milia, nail dystrophy, and scarring. Delayed diagnosis is common because blistering may become inconspicuous with age. The case report demonstrates a 44-year-old woman with a 10–12-year history of intensely pruritic papules and nodules involving the scalp, trunk, and extremities. Detailed history revealed recurrent trauma-induced blistering since childhood, delayed wound healing, recurrent great toenail shedding, and similar illness in her sister. Examination showed multiple excoriated hyperpigmented papules and nodules, milia, atrophic scarring, and dystrophic toenails. Dermoscopy demonstrated milia-like white clods and scar-like white areas, while histopathology showed acanthosis, compact hyperkeratosis, papillary dermal fibroplasia, and infundibular cyst formation. Clinicopathological correlation established the diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa. Recognition of childhood blistering, nail dystrophy, milia, scarring, and family history is essential for timely diagnosis and appropriate management.
The neutrophilic dermatitides constitute a heterogeneous spectrum of inflammatory cutaneous disorders unified by a dominant histopathological motif of sterile neutrophilic infiltrates within the dermis, in the absence of primary infection or vasculitis. This extensive review synthesizes contemporary insights into their complex pathophysiology, which is increasingly understood as a dysregulated interplay between the innate immune system, specifically involving the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family cytokines, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and a permissive genetic background often influenced by somatic mutations in clonal hematopoiesis-related genes. We provide a critical analysis of the expanding clinical and histological continuum, encompassing classic entities such as Sweet’s syndrome, pyoderma gangrenosum, Behçet’s disease, and the autoinflammatory syndromes, while addressing overlapping and atypical presentations that pose significant diagnostic challenges. Furthermore, we systematically evaluate the evolving therapeutic landscape, moving beyond traditional immunosuppressants toward targeted biologic agents and small molecules that inhibit specific pro-inflammatory pathways. By integrating the latest molecular discoveries with clinical pragmatism, this review aims to refine diagnostic criteria, elucidate pathogenic connections to underlying systemic disease—particularly myeloid dyscrasias and gastrointestinal inflammation—and propose a rationale for personalized, mechanism-driven treatment algorithms. This reassessment underscores the paradigm of these conditions as cutaneous reflexes of systemic autoinflammation.
Background: Skin is the largest organ of the human body and protects the internal organs. Skin takes the impact of multiple environmental factors, especially ultraviolet radiation from sun and is subjected to damage, manifesting as pigmentation, dryness, wrinkles etc., compromising over all skin health. Personal care industry offers sunscreens with different levels of sun protection factors (SPF) in different formats. Sun care market is rapidly growing, however there are some unmet needs of consumers like sticky/ tacky or oily feel from sunscreens preventing the usage on skin for longer duration or usage in humid weathers. The present clinical study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of test product (sun protection gel) for sun protection, with consumer acceptable sensory and other skin benefits like hydration, brightness, glow and smoothness in Indian female volunteers suffering from dull skin. Methods: SPF study was conducted in healthy humans as per Indian BIS guidelines to establish sun protection factor. Skin benefit studies were conducted in healthy female volunteers with dull skin to assess improvement in various skin biophysical parameters, visual assessments by dermatologist and feedback from study participants on efficacy and sensory. Results: Test product demonstrated, SPF 50 and improvement in skin brightness, glow, hydration and smoothness immediately after application of product which lasted up to 24 hours above the baseline levels. Conclusions: The present sun care leave-on test product demonstrated an SPF 50 along with improved visual and biophysical parameters of skin, with no undesirable sensory on skin and side effects.
