The new genus Afronisia is founded with Eponisia albovittata Fennah as the type-species.Eponisia briinnescens Synave, £. flavescens Synave, E. pallida Linnavuori, and Nisia muiri Metcalf are transferred to this genus, and E. albinervosa Muir is placed in synonymy with Kcnnesia albinervosa Muir.Two new species are described: Afronisia bredoi, from Zaire, and A. gembtiensis, from Nigeria.Keys are provided for separation of the African genera of Kermesiinae and for the seven species oi Afronisia that are described and figured.
This article summarizes some observations of a varied nature on the biology, morphology, and evolution of the Cicadelloidea (Cicadellidae, Hylicidae, Eurymelidae) and Membraciodea ( Membracidae, Aetalionidae, Biturritidae, Nicomiidae). These observations, made over a period of more than half a century, have previously been recorded at different times, but lie buried in the literature. It is hoped that their interest will justify repitition and draw attention to some promising lines of research.
A study of the genus CoUadonus and related genera of Mexico and C^entral Ameriea was based almost exclusively upon the examination of nearly the entire type series of all the Idiudomis species described by the late Dr. D. M. DeLong.All species referable to CoUadonus are redescribed, and illustrations of the male genitalia are given for the first time.A key to the species of Mexico and Central America is also included.A brief discussion of the distribution and phylogeny of the group is given.Among 35 species described by DeLong in Idiodonus , 21 belong in CoUadonus, 1 is assigned to OUarianus Ball, 1 to Paratanus Young, 2 to Bonncyana Oman, 2 are retained in Idiodonus , 5 are relegated to four proposed new genera, and the remaining 3 have uncertain generic position.One new combination in CoUadonus is proposed, and 16 names are treated as new synonyms.Eight new combinations are proposed in the treatment of related genera.New genera include: ParacoUadonus, Paracrassana, Paranurenus, and Jaacunga.The subgenus Angulanus DeLong is elevated to generic rank.
A brief survey of grassland leafhoppers of Karachi during 1985 revealed the existence of five new species of the family Cicadellidae. These include Exitianus major, E. minor, Chiasmus karachiensis, C. lobosa , and Goniagnathus bifurcatus.
The contributions to professional entomology made by Paul W. Oman are reviewed. A bibliography of his published contributions to this field from 1930 to 1987 is included.
A new species of Pazu, P. Monoinyo , from the Inyo-Mono County area of California is described. Additional occurrence records are provided for Pazu balli (Beamer), and some of its morphological characteristics are illustrated and compared with P. monoinyo .
On the basis of their unique genitahc characters, the Neotropical leafhopper species previously treated in the genus Doleranus Ball are placed in a new genus, Ileopeltus.Twelve species are treated, including six described as new.A key to the species and a cladistic hypothesis using Chlorotettix Van Duzee as the outgroup are presented.The new species of Ileopeltus include: nanocanthus (Panama), dorsalus and clavatus (Brazil and Venezuela), ventriculus and haplus (Brazil), and blockeri (Venezuela).
—Cicada orni Linnaeus is among the most common and widespread cicadas in Portugal, and, unless a critical study of the male genitalia is made, it is easily confused with the much less widely distributed C. barbara lusitanica Boulard. These species are morphologically very similar and sometimes difficult to separate using existing keys. This study attempts to test the discriminating capabilities of numerical techniques commonly used for classifica tory purposes, as well as to discover the most effective characters to distinguish between the two species. For these purposes, cluster analysis and principal component analysis were applied to a sample of 64 male specimens character ized by 40 characters (33 derived from the external morphology and 7 from genitalia). In WPGMA cluster analysis, product-moment correlations gave a better separation between these species than did taxonoinic distance coefficients; moreover, the analysis derived from the genital characters alone gave better separation than the analyses based on the 33 external characters. Principal component analysis yielded a clear, interspecific separation along the first axis. The best characters to discriminate between males of the two species were the lengths of the pygofer (and its dorsal spine), the tenth abdominal segment, and the appendages of the latter (which are smaller in barbara lusitanica), as well as the width of the shaft of the aedeagus (thinner in orni)' Finally, the uniformity of the general clustering pattern resulting from the two multivariate techniques suggests the presence of two distinct species, as also clearly indicated by behavioral data. Cicada orni Linnaeus is among the most common and widespread cicadas in Portugal, and, unless a critical study of the male geni talia is made, it is easily confused with the much less widely distributed C. barbara lusi tanica Boulard (Quartau and Fonseca 1988). As live specimens, however, they are easily distinguished by the male calling songs, which are quite distinct. Oscillograms are found in Claridge et al. (1979) and Boulard (1982), respectively, for C. orni and C. bar bara lusitanica. The two species are externally very similar and sometimes even difficult to separate by existing keys (e.g., Gomez-Menor 1957). In fact, the main distinguishing character used for their separation has been the presence in barbara of only two spots on the cross-veins of the forewings instead of four; however, some specimens of barbara lusitanica have the full four spots as they occur in orni (Fig. 4). Boulard (1982), when describing the Por tuguese form of C. barbara, which he origi nally named lusitanica, provided a good diag nosis of the genital characters of this species. However, no detailed comparison of the two sp cies has been made, nor has any type of multiple-character analysis involving the simu taneous use of several measurements or counts been attempted. It was felt of interest, therefore, to see how far some common tech niques of numerical taxonomy would discrim inate between this pair of closely related spe cies. This study was undertaken with two main objectives in mind. The first was to apply current techniques of numerical taxonomy commonly used for classificatory purposes with the aim of testing their general discrimi nating power with respect to these two spe cies. The techniques chosen were a form of hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. It is known that apart from the explicit use of the former, principal component analysis can also serve as a cluster technique of great generality and can be used to distinguish pairs of putative morphs as in the classical study of Temple (1968). The sec ond objective was to discover new characters that might help to separate C. orni from C. barbara. ^epto. de Zoologia e Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciencias de Lisboa, 1200 Lisboa, Portugal.
Eight new species of Flexamia DeLong are described, and two Mexican species previously synonymized are reinstated. Species are assigned to 13 species groups; keys are presented for the groups and for the 44 recognized species. Host data, in many cases with oligophagy coefficients, are presented for 37 of the species. Many species specialize on native, dominant, perennial, choridoid or panicoid grasses; some are monophagous. Seven sister species pairs specialize on the same (or a closely related) grass species; in addition, four closely related species appear to be restricted to Bouteloua curtipendula . Few if any specialists colonize their host throughout its entire range. Ecological factors such as phenology and/or host patchiness strongly influence geographic distribution. An intuitive phylogeny is proposed and is used as a basis for constructing 18 character transformations. The genus Flexamia probably originated in Mexico by division of an ancestral lineage from which the modern genus Spartopyge also diverged.
A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Calliscarta stal is presented. Most of the 19 species treated are described and illustrated, including 10 that are new to science. The new species include: abrupta (Bolivia), acuta (Peru, Venezuela), delicata (Bolivia, Peru), elongata (Ecuador, Peru), expansa (Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru), lora (Peru), marginata (Honduras), mexicana (Mexico), ornata (French Guiana, Venezuela), rugosa (Venezuela). Three cases of new synonymy are proposed: boliviana (Osborn) (= tinga Kramer), fasciata (Osborn) [= brunnea (Osborn)], decora (Fabricius) [= magnifica (Osborn)].
Genera new to science described below include: Amerzanna, Sinuala, and Staluhra.New species include: Amerzanna peruana (Peru), Amijcle hrevis (Mexico), A. grandis (Mexico), A. mankimi (Honduras), Aphrodisias shaman (Mexico), Enchophora maculata and E. uniformis (Peru), Phrictus delicatiis (Brazil), P. dilinen.s(Colombia), Sinuala schmidti (Belize), S. stall (Honduras and El Salvador), S. tuherculata (Costa Rica), and Staluhra brunnea (Brazil and Guyana).In addition, Artacie dufourii (Signoret) is removed from synonymy with A. haemoptcra (Perty).New generic synonymy includes C/H/oi>ifl Stal(= Ecuadoria) Distant, En/iyr/na (Walker) (= UluhraStdl).New synonymy of species includes: Copidocephala merula Distant (= Coanaco melanoptera Schmidt), Copiducephala viridiguttata Stal (= Coanaco ornanda Distant), Diareusa conspersa Schmidt (= D. dahli Ossiannilsson), Enchophora nigromactdata Distant (= E. nigrolimhata Lallemand), Enchophora recurva (Olivier) (= £. hohemani Stal), Krichophora sanguinea Distant (= £. /Zorens Distant and E. longirostris Distant), Enchophora tuberctdatu (Ohvit'r) (= E
