AbstractIntroductionOccurrence of PolyisopreneChemical Properties of RubberThe Latex Vessel SystemComposition of LatexMolecular Weight of RubberHistorical OutlineRubber PrecursorsRubber Formation on Rubber ParticlesStereochemistry of Rubber BiosynthesisInitiator of Rubber SynthesisBiosynthesis Pathway inHevea brasiliensisFormation of IPPInitiation of Rubber MoleculesChain‐Elongation of Rubber13C‐NMR Study of Rubber MoleculesEnzymes inHevea brasiliensisEnzymes for the Formation of Mevalonic AcidEnzymes for the Formation of IPPRubber TransferaseGenetic BasisRubber Biosynthesis‐Related ProteinsDefense‐Related ProteinsLatex AllergensOther Enzymes inHeveaRubber Biosynthesis Pathways and Genes in Guayule and other OrganismsGuayule Rubber BiosynthesisRubber Synthesis in Indian Rubber TreeRubber Synthesis in FungiProduction in Transgenic Plants and Recombinant MicroorganismsOutlook and PerspectivesRelevant PatentsStimulation of Rubber Yield and Rubber‐Producing PlantsRubber Biosynthetic Genes and their TransformationSynthetic Use of Enzymes fromH. brasiliensisEnzymes fromHeveaand their DNA SequencesAcknowledgements
Abstract Introduction Historical Outline Evolution of Spider Silks Design Requirements Spinning Micro‐ and Nanocomposites Spinning Conditions That Affect Mechanical Properties Fiber Composition Extruder and Feedstock Morphology Liquid Crystalline Spinning in Nature Silkworm Spinning Evaluation of Nature's Spinning Technology Commerce of Artificial Silks Outlook and Perspectives
AbstractIntroductionSolubility and SupersaturationProperties of Macromolecular CrystalsPreparation of SamplesPrecipitants and Their EffectsThe Use of Temperature for CrystallizationCreating Supersaturation – MethodologyFactors Affecting CrystallizationScreening and OptimizationTheoretical Contributions to Macromolecular Crystal GrowthFuture Trends
AbstractIntroductionOccurrenceBarnaclesAlgaeMusselsMolecular GeneticsFunctional BiomechanicsMeasurement of Adhesion StrengthApplications of Mussel Adhesive ProteinsMucoadhesion and Surface ChemistryCorrosion InhibitorsSynthetic BiomimicsOutlook and PerspectivesPatents
AbstractIntroductionHistorical OutlineProduction of rc‐Spider Silk ProteinsOver‐expression of Soluble rc‐Spider silk Proteins in Mammalian CellsSecretion of rc‐Dragline Spider Silk proteinsLarge‐scale Production of rc‐Spider Silk ProteinsPurification and Characterization of rc‐Spider Silk ProteinsProduction of rc‐Spider Silk Proteins in the Milk of Transgenic AnimalsGeneration of Transgenic Mice for the Spider Dragline Silk GenesMammary Gland Production of Spider Dragline Silk ProteinsRecombinant Spider Silk‐based Fiber SpinningSpin Dope Preparation, Fiber Spinning and CharacterizationFiber Post‐Spinning TreatmentPerspective on the Formation of Silk Fibers and the Spinning ProcessApplications of rc‐Spider Silk Fibers, and ProspectsPatentsChronological Summary of PatentsConclusionsAcknowledgments
Introduction Overview of Structural Genomics Initiatives World-wide Use of Bioinformatics as a Predictive Tool High-throughput Cloning Strategies Applied to Arabidopsis cDNA Sources DNA Chip Technologies as a Predictive Tool Genes Lacking Introns Restriction Digestion and Ligation Topoisomerase Cloning Transformation Sequence Verification Escherichia coli Expression Systems T7 Promoter Systems Arabinose Operon Promoter System Wheat Germ Cell-free Translation Systems Characterization of Expression, Solubility, and Purity Electrophoresis and Dye Binding ELISA-based Detection S-Tag-Based Detection Protein Tags and Multi-step Purification Procedures Role of Protease Cleavage in Target Preparation Protein Characterization by Mass Spectrometry Integration with Broader Biological Sciences Community Acknowledgments Keywords: affinity tag; Arabidopsis thaliana; bioinformatics; catabolite repression; codon bias; codon usage; Escherichia coli; expression vectors; factor Xa; fusion protein; gene expression; heterologous expression; high-density oligonucleotide arrays; Laboratory Information Management Systems; MALDI-TOF; mass spectrometry; peptide mapping; PreScission; protease cleavage; protein sequence analysis; solubility tag; soluble protein; structure and functional biology; TEV; T7 bacteriophage promoter; T7 RNA polymerase; target selection; thrombin; transcriptome
AbstractIntroductionHistorical PerspectivesThaumatinMonellinMabinlinPentadinBrazzeinCurculinMiraculinComparison of Different Sweet‐tasting Proteins: The Thaumatin‐like ProteinsPatentsOutlook and Perspectives
Introduction Historical Outline Classification of Globulins 11S Globulins: Legumins 7S Globulins: Vicilins Selection and Breeding Physiology and Function Deposition During Seed Development Protein Cleavage During Germination Globulins and Plant Defense Three-dimensional Structure of Globulins Crystallization and Three-dimensional Resolution Structure and Allergenicity of Globulins Evolution Evolution of Variation Within the Globulin Gene Family Similarity of Globulins to Other Desiccation-associated Proteins Structural Evolution Discovery of the Cupin Superfamily Prokaryotic Ancestors of Seed Globulins Over-expression and Modification of Globulins Expression in Bacteria Expression in Yeast Expression in Plants Other Genetic Methods for Manipulation of Globulins Recombinant Systems and Processing Quality Feeding Trials with Recombinant Globulins Production of Pharmaceutically Active Peptides in Glycinins Patents Chronological Summary of Patents Outlook and Perspectives Keywords: cupin; allergy; epitope; germin; sucrose binding protein; glycinin; canavalin; convicilin; glutelin; dioxygenase; overexpression; transgenic; peanut; bean; pea; wheat; rice; germination
