The plant species Plumbago zeylanica Linn. (Known vernacularly as Chitraka, Chitramulamu, Tellachitramulamu, Agnichela, Agnimaala by its trade or popular names of “Lead wort-white flowered” and “Ceylon Lead wort”) belongs to the family Plumbaginaceae, is distributed as a weed in throughout the tropical and subtropical countries of the world. The main objective of this study was to investigate the phytochemicasl, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the crude extract of Plumbago zeylanica leaves. Plumbago zeylanica was a rich source of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, phenols, tannins, saponins, Steroids and quinones. It has prominent antioxidant activities. Among the selected pathogens highest zone of inhibition was observed by Clostridium septicum (10 mm) followed by Candida albicans (16 mm). The findings of this study support the view that P. zeylanica plant is a promising source of potential antioxidants and may be effective as preventive agent in the pathogenesis of some Ethno-Veterinary diseases.
Introduction: The standard full complement for the investigation of an infertile couple in our environment can be very expensive. This usually necessitates that for a few couples investigating them maybe individualized based on their financial capability. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) and laparoscopy are the two classic methods available for evaluation of tubal pathology which is the commonest cause of infertility in Nigeria. However, while these tests can be complimentary it is usually common practice to reserve laparoscopy and dye test for women with inconclusive HSG or does with signs of tubal obstruction. An Intra-operative dye test is usually for patients’ under-going myomectomy to confirm patency of the fallopian tubes. Aim: The study aims to find out if an intra-operative dye test has a higher accuracy as compared to a preoperative HSG in determining tubal blockage. Methods and materials: It were a retrospective study carried out in university of Abuja teaching hospital. The case folders of all women who had myomectomy with an intra-operative dye test between January 2017 and May 2019 were retrieved and analyzed for data. A total of 187 myomectomies were done. Seventy-two of these cases had an intra- operative dye test done alongside to confirm the Hysterosalpingograph finding of bilateral tubal blockage. Results: The age range with the highest number of visits to the clinic were between 30-34 years with 62.5% attendance. Nulliparous patients were more frequently seen at the clinic with 56 patients seen making 77.8% while multiparous patients were 16 in number making 22.2%. The intra-operative dye test was able to confirm 8 patent tubes out of the 72 which the HSG had suggested bilateral tubal blockage giving it an accuracy of 88.9%.
Aging has been targeted by dietary manipulation, drugs and antioxidants, to increase lifespan promotion of healthy aging. Pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and diets have been studied in various aging therapies with the ability to extend life span and postpone disease and dysfunction in animals. Starting from the metabolic theory of aging and the use of aging-mediator agent (D-galactose), this work was undertaken to demonstrate the possible role of Caloric Restriction (CR), Vitamin C (Vit C) and Metformin (Met) either alone or in combination to delay the aging process and promotion of health span and life extension in male albino rats; shedding the light on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying anti-age-related changes. Aging was induced by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (D-gal) (100 mg/kg/d for 8 weeks). Liver samples were subjected to and relative mRNA and protein expression assessments. Additionally, the levels of serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmitters were estimated in the brain tissue. Histopathological examination of both liver and brain tissue were investigated as well. Aging (p53, Nrf-2, AKT, FoxO3 and JNK), apoptotic (Bax gene expression) and antiapoptotic (Bcl-2 gene expression), inflammatory (NF-κB and Cystatin C activity) and oxidative stress (MDA, GSH and CAT) markers were determined. D-Gal caused oxidative alterations of the liver observed via upregulation of aging, apoptotic, and inflammatory markers and downregulated the anti-apoptotic, antioxidant markers. Also, impairment in the neurotransmitters was observed. However, the combination between CR and Vit C and Met modulated the alteration in the parameters. Therefore, it can be concluded that the combination of CR and Vit C and Met were suitable for preventing some associated problems that could be used to maintain human health.
In this article, we describe a highly efficient and reproducible method of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol for several gene transformations (cry1Ab, rolB, and PhMV) in tomatoes. Tomato fruit is rich in minerals, essential amino acids, sugar, vitamin B, iron, phosphorus, and dietary fiber. Tomato Crop production has some major problem which includes early ripening, reduction in fruit shelf life and devastating diseases that caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and nematodes, etc. The study aims to use the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method to improve the tomato shelf life and make tomato plants resistant to such types of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi, etc. Tomato was transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harbouring Cry1Ab synthetic gene for toxin proteins. And same strain was inserted with another CP of PhMV that cloned into the binary vector pBI 121 for resistance to PhMV infection, and strain GV3101 harbouring the binary vector pICBV19 for reducing the expression of vis1 gene. Tomato seed culture on MS media after sterilization with 75% ethanol and distilled water. Plantlet root formation was on different kanamycin MS mediums. Constricted plasmid vectors with a gene if interest allowed to be transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens using the freeze-thaw method. The engineered strain suspension was centrifuged and re-suspended with MS media. Tomato seeds were obtained, then 0.5 cm per cotyledon, and put into the Agrobacterium suspension and co-cultivated and incubated and a transgenic plant, analysis was carried out using PCR, real-time Reanalysis, Northern blot analysis, and statistical analysis. For tomato varieties, the protocol developed showed very high transformation efficiency. The optimized transformation process is simple, effective and no need for tobacco, Petunia, tomato suspension feeder layer, or acetosyringone as chemical transduction.
Bioavailable Testosterone (BT) is henceforth well-known to be much more useful than Total Testosterone (TT) for interpretation. BT is mostly explored in case of suspicion of hypogonadism in men or hyperandrogenism in women. The reference technique to assay BT is ultracentrifugation, but Radio-Immuno Assay (RIA), which is much less expensive and easier to accomplish is the most widely used technique in practice. Several calculations are available but the one that give the better results seem to be the optimized calculation of the Vermeulen equation by Giton. Very few comparisons between BT assayed and BT calculated have been made in routine, hence our study. This is a prospective study which has included 269 patients (whose 189 men) to compare both results in the frame of matched data. Different subgroups, depending on gender, age, TT values, SHBG values and albumin values have been studied. Although BT calculated values seem to be significantly higher to those in RIA, correlation appear to be excellent in men with a correlation coefficient established at 0.92, but not in women. BT calculated appear therefore to be an excellent alternative to assay, and has obvious other advantages: It is free, allow faster result delivery and a blood test requiring one tube less for patients.
Recent studies have clearly indicated that Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) has an essential role in various physiological and pathophysiological pathways including the signaling of DNA damage, cell death pathways, cell survival and proliferation pathways, differentiation, neuronal function and inflammation. Role of PARP has been established in cardiovascular diseases like myocardial infarction, endothelial dysfunction associated hypertension, ischemia-reperfusion injury. It also plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes, inflammatory disorders, and various neurodegenerative disorders. Approaches in this area lead to the identification of 18 putative PARP sequences in the human genome. PARP-1 is a most abundantly found nuclear protein which functions to sense the DNA damage. Increased oxidative stress due to any pathophysiological condition in the body, leads to over-activation of PARP1. Over-activation of PARP1 decreases the amount of NAD+/ATP in the cell and also leads to translocation of Apoptosis-Inducing Factor (AIF) to the nucleus causing cell dysfunction and ultimately cell death. Pharmacological inhibition of PARP provides a target for the prevention of various pathological conditions because it targets a relatively late event of oxidative cell injury. Therefore, investigations on the involvement of PARP and its isoforms in diseased conditions substantiate the therapeutic window of intervention quite wide.
COVID-19 emanated from Wuhan (China) in 2019 end. It resulted in the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Almost every sector, including pediatric cardiology, has been affected due to the pandemic. In the current situation, it is imperative to lessen face-to-face elective outpatient clinic visits for cardiology patients. As a result of the social distancing restrictions globally, there has been a profound interest in the development of telehealth services, also named telemedicine. We are of the view that such technology as telehealth can be of use in pediatric cardiology as well, keeping in view the COVID-19 pandemic. It can have a clanging impact on our daily clinical practice.
Fatalities or cardiovascular side effects of vaccines were rather uncommon in the past. So far, numerous reports of side effects and deaths associated with Covid-19 vaccination have been accepted behind the background of the pandemic situation and the priority vaccinated elderly population at the beginning of the vaqccination campaign. Cardiac and heart circulatory disturbances resp. cardiovascular side effects associated with the application of Covid-19 vaccines have not been recognized up to now with the exception of thrombotic/embolic side effects and cases of myo-/pericarditis. But the mechanism of action suggests that downregulation of ACE2 by non-neutralised spike proteins may have cardiovascular effects.The objective of this analysis was to determine the total number of reported adverse events and fatalities and to record suspected important cardiovascular adverse events up to the cut-off date in European countries. Therefore, a current review/analysis of spontaneously reported fatalities as well as of adverse events after application of Covid-19 vaccines has been performed. Data were retrieved from the EudraVigilance web reports of the European Medicines Agency (EMA), partly also from the safety reports of the German PEI. Covid-19 vaccine-associated suspected side effects and related deaths are alarming. Surprisingly, numerous cardiovascular reactions were reported, many of which were life-threatening. Cardiac and heart circulatory caused fatalities alone accounted for about 33% of all ComirnatyR vaccine-related deaths. The second most important side effects were vascular thrombotic/embolic side effects, often also associated with serious consequences. Based on their quality and quantity, these side effects seem to be characteristic for spike-producing vaccines and do not appear to be substance-specific. Further investigations are needed to clarify the approximately 3.5 times more frequent cases of sinus vein thrombosis and the some different frequent cases of thrombotic/embolic events after VaxzevriaR. The hypothesis could be confirmed. Because of their importance and their sometimes life-threatening consequences, cardiovascular side effects need to be better communicated.Limitations of the investigation result from the individual reporting and recording procedure, the lack of detailed individual information and the lack of an appropriate comparison population.
Objective: This study was designed to formulate healthy foods from grain, pulse and fruit to track the problem of acute malnutrition. Maize, soybean and banana were used as sample ingredients. Methods: The study used maize grains, soybean, banana fruit and soya oil and sugar ingredients for the formulation of ready to use therapeutic foods. Three different food samples (HF1, HF2 and HF3) were formulated and the samples were then transferred into airtight plastic containers for further analyses. A CRD with two replications was used. Data was analyzed using ANOVA. Results: This study shows that there was statistical significance difference among the three products in terms of appearance and consistency. The study also showed that the protein content of the three products g/100 g met the proposed nutrient composition range for plumpy’ nut. Concerning, the energy, HF1 and HF2 had higher energy, which was 620 and 585, respectively compared to the plumpy’ nut (545) but the HF3 had lower energy. Conclusion: This study concluded that the ingredients that were used in the formulation of the three products were rich energy, minerals and vitamins. Therefore, it is crucial to increase the shelf life of the new developed products through further research.
Background: A recent study was conducted to evaluate tree volume, biomass, and carbon stock in Java, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia in the mixed plantation of Artocarpus heterophyllus. Forest acts as a source or sinks for atmospheric CO2 to catches from the atmosphere in different carbon pools by trees in a forest. It was improperly managed and Illegal activities were done. Methods: Sample trees were selected by a simple random sampling method in the study site and the elevation was recorded by GPS. Each sample tree height, diameter at (DBH) point, and crown cover were measured as a source of primary source data. Data were analyzed statistically and results were composed in excel, Sigma Plot, and Past software. Results: The results of the conducted study are, average tree basel area was 0.00063 ± 0.00016 m2, while tree volume was 0.0039 ± 0.0017 m3, although the average total tree biomass was 0.0033 ± 0.0014 tons. Still, the mean carbon stock was 0.0016 ± 0.00071 tons, and the average absorb CO2 was 0.0060 ± 0.0026 tons. The results also concluded, tree basel areas have a strong positive correlation with tree volume, the value of R2 is 0.9088, while for stem biomass and R2 value is 0.9966. The correlation of total biomass with a carbon stock and R2 is 1.000 while the correlation with absorbing carbon dioxide and R2 is 1.000. Objectives: Aims of the study to estimate the volume, stem, and total biomass, carbon stock, and absorb carbon dioxide and to expose the impact of basal area on tree volume and stem biomass and total biomass on carbon stocks and absorb carbon dioxide. The study concluded that it is needed to have Proper scientific management and proper utilization it can be significant measures to enhance the potential to stored and sink more carbon and control illegal activities.
SARS-CoV-2 infects children far less frequently than adults and when infected, children experience no or benign symptoms. Children further do not transmit the virus in any meaningful way. Despite these facts, many public health authorities recommend that all children above the age of 12 get vaccinated to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2. As a result, many schools, colleges, and universities require proof of vaccination for students to attend class, essentially coercing students to get the COVID-19 vaccine. The rationale presented by public health officials for recommending COVID-19 vaccination for children is threefold: a) To keep children from contracting COVID-19 and becoming seriously ill. b) To stop children from transmitting SARS-COV-2 to each other, teachers, parents and grandparents. c) It is needed to reach herd immunity. Consequently, this research investigates whether these hypotheses are correct and supported by the science and empirical data. If the principal points of departure are flawed, it follows that a policy to vaccinate children against COVID-19 would be irrational. The four main biomedical ethical principles, that is beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice, are defined and explained to provide a universal, moral analytical framework that are that can aid public health policymakers in making morally and ethically sound decisions. The four main ethical principles are then applied to the policy and practice to coerce young people to get the COVID-19 vaccine.
AbstractBackground and aimsQuick, user-friendly and sensitive diagnostic tools are the key to controlling the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the new epidemiologic landscape. The aim of this work is to characterise a new Covid-19 antigen test that uses an innovative chromatographic Affimer®-based technology designed for the qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen. As rapid technology to detect Covid-19, the test was extensively characterised in vitro. Once the analytical parameters of performance were set, the test system was challenged in a test field study. The aim of this study was to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy, as compared by the gold standard RT-PCR and other existing lateral flow tests.
Trout is the general name for many species of fish belonging salmon family. Out of 39,900 species of vertebrates, about 21,723 living species of fish have been reported. In 1930, in Gilgit, a British officer introduced the species. It has large scales, dark and red spots on the sides that are thickly spotted. The purpose of the study was to investigate the presence and absence of heavy metals, Lead, Chromium VI, Arsenic and Cadmium in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Gilgit river environment. Descriptive statistics of concentrated heavy metals in different organs of trout fish revealed that only chromium VI was found in range of (p 0.97) ppm was recorded. The maximum concentration of chromium was detected from gills (p>0.97) whereas minimum concentrations were observed from skin (p 0.53) of trout fish. The directional flow of municipal liquid effluents and solid waste in the river Gilgit at various points is the main precursor behind the situation. Before joining the river, there should be a proper drainage system to remove hazardous metals and chemicals.
The ongoing COVID-19 challenge has disrupted the social, economic and health care system around the globe. As a result of this pandemic, social distancing policies have been strictly implemented creating an immense stress on health care services. Telemedicine is an evolving and a time-saving, logical and effective means for emergency patient assessment. In far flung areas, where local consulting stroke specialist are not available, telemedicine can act as an alternative tool for provision of suitable stroke care within the short and safe therapeutic time window. Telemedicine has a precious role in emergency stroke consultation. Specialists have ability to swiftly evaluate and supervise management of stroke patients via telemedicine in coordination with the remote physicians at the distant health units.
A brief review of the available literature on laser has been performed within the framework of laser dentistry for astronauts. Consideration was paid to delicate tissue surgery, effects on bacteria, caries prevention and diagnosis, caries preparation, patient comfort, long-term pulp vitality, low- level laser therapy, endodontics of primary teeth, and dental traumatology.
Abiotic stress such as drought, temperature and salinity are the major constraints that limit the worldwide production of maize (Zea mays L.). The development of stress tolerant crop varieties will be beneficial in areas prone to different stresses. Recently, several progresses have been made in identifying genes that are responsible for stress tolerance. Photosynthesis pigments are damaged by drought stress which reduces the light absorption efficiency. NAC proteins are associated with drought tolerance in plants. Indel-572, located 572-base pair upstream of start codon of ZmNAC111, is significantly associated with seedling survival rate. The application of 2(3, 4-Dicholorophenoxy) Triethylamine (DCPTA) improved growth and photosynthetic activity of plants under drought stress. The effect of drought stress was more severe to maize plants compared to heat stress. The major cause of saline soil is the high concentration of NaCl. The plant growth and productivity in saline soil is retarded mainly due to ion toxicity and osmotic stress. Increase in global temperature has shorten crop growing period which can be alleviated by planting varieties requiring more days to mature.
Aim: To analyze the influence of heat stable anti-A and anti-B antibodies of the persons with anti-A and anti-B absorbing ability of erythrocytes different from their blood group type on erythrocyte membrane. Materials and methods: Reaction of hemagglutination with complement at room temperature, 4°C, 37°C with the heated sera, elution and method of absorption were used. Results: The heated sera of the persons with anti-A and anti-B absorbing abilities of erythrocytes corresponding to their blood group characteristics increased the size of the erythrocytes during incubation with complement at room temperature on the contrary to the heated sera of the persons with absorbing ability of erythrocytes different from their blood group type. The contact of the studied erythrocytes with antihelmintic drug fenbendazole decreased the level of anti-A antibodies obtained by elution after the absorbtion of the person’s erythrocytes with anti-A serum. The person’s serum showed high level of antibodies against Ascaris lumbricoides (1.25 s/co as compared to the normal <1.0 s/co) and Toxocara canis (1.8 s/co, 1:200 as compared to the normal <1.0 s/co). Conclusion: The heated sera of the persons with different from their blood group type anti-A or anti-B absorbing ability of erythrocytes did not increase the size of erythrocytes so much as compared to the sera of the persons with absorbing ability of erythrocytes corresponding to their blood group type. The decrease of anti-A antibodies in hemagglutination reaction and after elution might be associated with the involvement of hemagglutinins due to Ascaris lumbricoides infection.
E-mail: evangelinechance@yahoo.com Biomedicine involves the study of (patho-) physiological processes methods from biology and physiology. Approaches range from understanding molecular interactions to the study of the in vivo level. These processes are studied with the particular point of of devising new strategies for diagnosis and therapy.Depending on severity of the disease, biomedicine pinpoints a problem within a and fixes the problem through medical intervention. Medicine curing diseases rather than improving one's health.
