This paper proposes four methods for changing the linear active two-port networks into linear passive-like two-port networks. The reciprocity theorem is still valid in the linear passive-like two-port network, if the active linear network includes only independent sources. This paper extends the use of the reciprocity theorem into linear active two-port network.
Proper care and handling of electrosurgical equipment are essential to patient and personnel safety. Burns that destroy layers of the patient’s skin often linked to a medical mistake are largely preventable. This paper is dealing with the design of surgical electrodes as one of the extremely important factors for the formation of burns during standard procedures. Simulations have been performed by using the COMSOL simulation package for various electrode configurations (cylinder-cylinder, sphere-sphere, cylinder-sphere, cylinder-cone, sphere-cone, and cone-cone) representing shapes of surgical electrodes. The primary goal was to determine the location and the voltage required for sparking . The obtained s imulation results agree well with the experimental data taken from literature revealing that the sparking formation is strongly affected by the electrode configuration. Sparking occurs most easily when both electrodes are cylindrical and the most difficult when one electrode is a cone. It was also found that the sparking mechanism is not the same in both directions between the active electrode and passive metal plate due to electrical asymmetries. Electrical asymmetries may lead to differences in breakdown voltage even to 40%. Since the asymmetry is the cause of undesirable direct current burns and neuromuscular electrostimulation, and the conformity process does not take into account the sparking phenomena, the certification process for this class of equipment must change. Results presented here can be used t o establish practices for the safe use of the electrocautery device and to prevent injury to patients and staff.
Internet of Things (IoT) is a growing trend of the world in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The research and application of IoT in the other fields are being paid attention and promoted by the government. In this paper, we investigate the design and implementation of an IoT system for environment parameters monitoring. The system is consists of IoT node based on wireless sensor and gateway center with servers and software applications via the internet. The system 5 terminal nodes and gateway center is deployed at Ngoc Linh ginseng conservation center, Quang Nam province, Vietnam in order to verify the performance of the proposed system. The measurement results show that the system performs the correct function and produces high accuracy with an average tolerance of 5%. The stable operating distance between two IoT nodes is at least 250m and with the proposed mechanism manage energy savings at each network node , the operating cycle of sensor node is 50 days with one time battery replacement. In addition , in this system, the accelerator pump is controlled on by the monitoring software at the gateway when an IoT sensor node transmits a warning signal to the gateway that the soil moisture is under the threshold.
Electronic polling systems promise benefits to voters like accessibility and convenience that modify them to solid their votes at any time, from any Internet-connected electronic computer anyplace within the world. However, not like ancient paper-based selection systems, associate e-polling system introduces many security risks like privacy of vote, unlikability of a citizen, citizen coercion, secrecy of partial election results, verifiability, and poll integrity. The legitimacy of a citizen is another security concern, i.e., a citizen should be identified through associate authentication mechanism that forestalls selection of unauthorized voters or vote from approved voters. Another security concern is that the manipulation of votes by associate infected (e.g., virus, malware, so on) selection device. A malware-hosted device may build unauthorized build to the voter’s selection selections.Many e-voting systems have been proposed however ,to date, all these schemes either fail to supply all the desired security properties or aren't much possible on light-weight computing devices. during this paper, we tend to gift a secure and verifiable polling system, Online Voting System using AES Algorithm, that employs well-known science primitives to supply vote and voter’s privacy,and pollintegrity, confirms the identity of voters through a multifactor authentication theme, permits vote inside the allowed polling amount, prevents double selection, and achieves verifiability and uncoercibility within the presence of untrusted selection device.
Many of the technologies presently utilized in good homes may be tailored to fulfil many wants. By rising these technologies in homes will eliminate the requirement of care, and grant independence to those that would possibly struggle with day to day activities or in circumstances. This project aims to debate home automation systems for disables by speech recognition and device management with embedded systems. Our system takes the voice command of the user taken as input and method that command, and send request to the embedded system. Here we tend to conjointly style increased reality mobile application for dominant the device through mobile.
It is well known that the electrode shape, surface conditions and variety of involved processes objectively stipulate a number of factors which may lead to the breakdown in gases. Comprehensive studies indicate that the electric field distribution of different electrode configurations is different although the same voltage is applied across the electrode, which further leads to the disparate breakdown voltage amplitude. In this paper, the dependence of the breakdown formation and characteristics on the electrode arrangements (cylinder-cylinder, sphere-sphere and cylinder-sphere) have been studied by using COMSOL simulation package. The obtained simulation results agree well with the available experimental data and reveal that the breakdown voltage curves are strongly affected by the geometry of the electrode especially its edge sharpness. Based on the time evolution of the electron density and the electric potential distributions including electric field arrows the plasma formation between various electrode configuration could be followed. In addition, the calculated values for the breakdown voltage have been fitted in accordance with the simple empirical law. Results, presented here, could be useful in order to determine which configuration of electrodes will lead more easily to the breakdown.
MP3 is a standard that is used for encoding/decoding audio data. The standard can lower audio bit rate significantly without any loss. For this reason, it is key to understand how it does so, and secondly, find out if it is doable. Raw audio signals carry large data quantities and are neither suitable for transmission nor storage [2]. Therefore it is necessary to compress audio and at the same time maintain its quality as required by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). MP3 was developed by the Motion Pictures Experts Group for audio and video compression. It is composed of three modes; the third referred to as Layer III. It is this layer that lowers raw-audio data bit rates from i.e. 1.4 Megabits per second to just 128 kilobits per second and can still reconstruct the signals to a level comparable to the original [3]. The objective of this paper is to review and provide a simple idea of what Layer III does in relations to audio compression and decompression.
Performance of speech emotion recognition (SER) system mainly depends on whether the extracted features are relevant to emotions conveyed in speech or not. Finding discriminative features for SER is a challenging problem until now. The common and traditional approach for extracting features has been to extract a massive number of features from all frames of utterance. Then applying several statistics for all frames’ features to obtain utterance-level features. However, human emotions have different effects on the properties of each phoneme. Consequently, it has different effect for voiced and unvoiced segments. Therefore, utterance-level features are less effective, due to applying statistics for all frames regardless it is voiced or unvoiced frame. To enrich the discriminative properties of the extracted features, we propose new levels for feature extraction: voiced and unvoiced. The performance using features extracted from the two levels were compared with the utterance-level. For the above three levels; for each frame 13 Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) were extracted and then 13 statistics were applied for each level separately. It is found that voiced-level includes many discriminative features furthermore, its performance is close to utterance-level. To improve the traditional SER system, features extracted from both voiced-level and utterance-level were combined. The results of the combined level outperform the traditional one.
Trust management can help improve intrusion detection by adding a level of focus to anomaly detection. By identifying bounds for valid network activity, robust trust management will aid an analyst in his/her ability to distinguish attack activity from common everyday traffic on the network v ariants . Since anomaly detection is not based on pre-defined signatures the concern with variants in the code of an exploit are not as great since we are looking for abnormal activity versus a unique signature. An example might be a Remote Procedure Call (RPC) buffer overflow exploit whose code has been modified slightly to evade IDS using signatures. With anomaly detection, the activity would be flagged since the destination machine has never seen an RPC connection attempt and the source IP was never seen connecting to the network.
The demand for accelerated speed, anywhere, and any time connectivity has made wireless communication networks increasingly dense. This has resulted into intense research on how speed of data transfer, security of data, spectrum sharing, and storage of the big data realized can be improved in an efficient way. However the major challenge which has necessitated continuous research progress in the subject is the study of communication path loss and shadowing and how it can be eliminated or lessened to improve the channels involved. This paper will perform experiments on radio propagation models, ray tracing models and perform its simulations in Matlab, as well as provide a review of the various path loss models. The simulation results obtained indicated that when the receiver far away from the transmitter, the signal begins to be weaker and weaker until it is lost. However if the receiver will move away from a closer base station, and while the signal is weakening, it encounters another base station, the two base stations performs a handshake and the signal will start gaining strength.
Increase in population has increased the number of automobiles leading to a steep increase in traffic. Often Traffic jams occur due to the increase in the number of vehicles on the road. An ambulance or any emergency vehicle stuck in traffic is unable to move due to poor traffic signal control. This project aims at providing a solution to the above problem by alerting or controlling the traffic signal before the ambulance reaches the traffic signal using the concept of Internet of Things(IoT). This system uses a central server to control the traffic controllers. The traffic signal controller is implemented using Arduino UNO. The ambulance driver uses a web application to request the traffic controller to make the signal green in which the ambulance is present. A low-cost system which can be implemented throughout the city thereby reducing the number of deaths due to traffic situations has been aimed at.
Today, over eighty percent data for business analytics is non-textual and unstructured like JPEG images, MPG videos. Image analytics therefore becomes important. Many algorithms that deal with image processing do not really understand what an image entails. However during Image captioning, a computer will be able to identify the different objects in the image, the relations among them and present it in a grammatically accurate description. It is amajor collaboration of Natural Language Processing and Computer Vision and is a highly elusive task for machines. In this article, a model has been proposed to automatically generate captions for images which can aid the visually challenged, optimise content-based retrieval of images and also be extended for captioning real-time images and video annotation. The model presented in this paper is implemented in two stages, at the high-level, feature extraction phase and language model for word-by-word sentence generation, trained on the images in Flickr8k dataset. The efficacy of the model, measured using the BLEU metric, is comparable to the current state-of-the-art technique.
Mobile agent technology is new in the area of distributed computing today. The mobile applications are widely used today because of their easy accessibility. The agents can easily migrate from network to network and can sense environment and act accordingly. They don’t need any external interfaces to act with. The tasks can quickly and easily be accomplished as they cooperate and coordinate with other agents . However, besides various applications offered by mobile agents due to their mobility they too suffer from faults and security issues. Fault tolerance is the ability to provide responses to unexpected failure in a graceful manner. Also various security risks have been encountered associated with mobile applications. Assessing the possible risks and vulnerabilities for the system is very important today in order to protect the mobile applications. The paper discusses the appropriate approaches and strategies that need to be adopted to resolve difficulties in area of mobile applications.
This paper presents results of a study of recursive techniques for robust identification of time-invariant electrical equivalent circuit models on graphene batteries. An indirect discrete time technique is studied here. The results of this study indicate indirect discrete time technique is robust for identification of time-invariant circuit models from clean voltage-current data. Similar conclusions can also be drawn for identification of equivalent circuit models in the presence of noise.
With the augmentation of attacks on computer networks, a need for monitoring the network traffic becomes obligatory. Network analyst recognizes the anomalies of network by analyzing alert messages and traffic data generated by these monitoring devices. The time taken to analyze and inspect overwhelming amount of security logs and events is exponential, that is where data aggregation comes into picture. On account of similarity of the security notification generated using K-means clustering-based algorithm, the data can be aggregated. An efficient technique for analyzing and examining network security could be executed through visualization. Furthermore, implementing network security visualization will significantly facilitate to detect, perceive and defend the network from being attacked by the anomalies. In this project, data visualization is achieved by the use of Matplotlib library. A colour coded bar graph obtained from Matplotlib will aid the network analysts in understanding and precisely tackle the events of network security. K-means aggregation technique is used in order to aggregate the data from a pre-determined data set which is then fed to software tool named Jupyter for visualization.
Agriculture sector in India faces many problems in enhancing production with available natural resources. Soft computing techniques shows great ability in solving problems like crop selection, crop planning, irrigation planning, water resources management, vegetable production etc. has been discussed in the present paper. In first stage focus has been made on soft computing and its components. In second stage different techniques which have been used in improving crop production based on soft computing with merits and demerits are discussed. Survey table is prepared after doing literature survey on existing work on soft computing which is useful in understanding problems and corresponding problem solving technique which gives a better way to crop production and precision agriculture.
Waste management is amongst the major problems that are faced by various countries irrespective of their developing or developed case. Many times we see that the garbage bins are placed at public places in the cities are overflowing. It creates unhygienic condition for the society. To avoid such situations, “Internet of Things (IoT) Based Smart Garbage Processing system” is designed. IoT has been helping to develop effective methods and end systems which could bring betterment in human lifestyle. This system consists of two separate bins for dry and wet waste. Organic waste basket is used for wet waste. It gets decomposed into manure in that bin itself. Garbage level in the both the bins can be monitored continuously with the help of sensor system from any remote location over GUI developed. Gas sensor along with buzzer used in dry waste bin helps to inform presence of harmful gas and presence of organic substances if added mistakenly.
Interactive multimedia applications deal with computer delivered electronic system that deliver different types of content such as text, images, audio, video, animation, etc. in an interactive way. This paper deals with different streams of developing interactive multimedia applications using two different software platforms, Adobe Flash CS5 and HTML5 with CSS. The paper describes the developing platforms, comparisons and its implementation in the title Oman Tourism. The developed application in two different platforms are evaluated with a set of 35 students based on four performance criteria in order to know the students’ response on the usage of media. Finally, the experimental result indicates that the students are comfortable with the usage of Adobe Flash CS5 compared to HTML with CSS.
Images need to be retargeted to different sizes and shapes including nonrectangular shapes. This paper proposes a retargeting algorithm that retargets images to a large family of nonrectangular shapes specified by the application. The main objective of this algorithm is preservation of the image content during transformation. This algorithm is based on removing segments of seams based on a cost function. This cost function is calculated by using the image and the target shapes as inputs. This removal reshapes the boundary of the image into nonrectangular shapes. This algorithm can retarget effectively to a large family of nonrectangular shapes known as bhv-convex shapes. This mechanism is efficient in computation and flexible to use.
