Nowadays in Malaysia, the livestock industry has become the increasing demand over the past few years. Like agriculture, livestock is also a growing business that can help local farmers to generate their income. Thus, an economic and practical chopper machine for livestock feed is necessary to fulfil this demand. The machine is driven by an AC powered motor (1400 rpm, 1 Hp). It is divided into five major components, which are the fodder inlet, fodder outlet, power unit, cutting unit and frame stand. For safety reason, a cover made by clear acrylic Perspex were built in front of the blade to prevent any injuries. The machine structure is reasonable and practical as it is supported by four lockable wheels and handle for easy movement. Time taken to finish the chopping process will be analyzed for both methods. Three different weights of fodder will be used. For 500g, 1000g and 1500g of weight, average production time taken by machine is 15s, 33s and 42s respectively. While conventional method is 240s, 400s and 640s respectively. The percentage decrease of production time was calculated to evaluate the performance. Based on the result obtained, it shows that by using the chopper machine, it can help to reduce the production time to produce the chopped fodder compared to the conventional method. For weight 500g, it reduces the production time to 93.75%, for weight 1000g to 91.75% and lastly for weight 1500g to 93.44%. Hence, the chopper machine is practical, flexible and cost effective to use for chopping fodder.
An investigation to observation the potential of stingless bee on building their nest at the high temperature material had been done to Tetragonula (Tetragona) sp. nest at Indralaya area, South Sumatra. Here we describe the Tetragonula sp nest that uses streetlight pole made by carbon steel as the nest media. Purposive sampling is used to select the target nest. Two streetlight poles found be used by Tetragonula sp as their home. The coordinate of location, height from ground surface, diameter of streetlight pole, air temperature and humidity, and floral species around nest, were noted. The spot coordinate of the area is between S 30 14’ 19.2498’’ and E 1040 39’ 15,3288’’ at 1,5 m above the ground surface with 12 cm diameter of pole and the highest air temperature was 350C at daylight during the months of sampling with about 80 – 90 % humidity. Some floral ; which Switenia macrophyla, Hevea brasiliensis, Zea mays, and Citrullus lanatus floral species are planted around. Air temperature in the pole is very high, around 400 C during daylight.
The implementation of Patient Monitor (PM) in ICU, ICCU, PICU and NICU currently imposes a significantly high cost of investment. According to studies conducted, there are three main parameters required to be measured, which are heartrate (BPM), oxygen saturation (SPO2) and body temperature (T). These are highly needed by the medical personnel to monitor in order to determine patient’s vital state. The low-cost patient monitor prototype (named Patient Monitor 3 Parameters or PM3P) was developed using Arduino platform. In order to measure the parameters, two types of sensor modules were chosen, namely MAX30100 for gathering heartrate and oxygen saturation data and DS18B20 for gathering the body temperature data. The prototyping process also included fixation and finalization of electrical circuit on a printed circuit board (PCB). The PM3P underwent extensive validation process by comparing it to the real industrial PM made by healthcare equipment industry. The comparison was done over data gathered by both system that were conducting the same measurement runs in parallel. Results of validation indicates that the low-cost patient monitor prototype has a slight error of 0,31% for heartrate and 1,59% for oxygen saturation compared to the industrial one. Further improvements for the Arduino based PM3P are also proposed in this paper in order to enhance its reading accuracy, namely calibration.
This case study has been implemented on the apothecary shop located at Kotabumi city at Lampung province, Indonesia that selling various types of medicine. An apothecary in his scientific efforts need by prediction to a hypothetical for determining the amount of in the demand and the purchase of the new term, which has a challenge on increasing the purchasing amount and reflected the bank sound assets. A prediction used was to analyzed from the results of the comparison a method of Tsukamoto and Sugeno by using the nine rules and comparison to the value of absolute error of the purchase. Based on a the Sugeno method, the absolute error of the purchase was 0.0176 %, which is the lowest value in the study
Thermoelectric cooler box was designed with the purpose of cooling with thermoelectric cooler (TEC) Peltier plate as a cooling medium. The objective of this project was to invent a cooler box that is suitable for outdoor activities. The thermal conductivity which is to measure the ability of the material to conduct heat in each layer inside the thermoelectric cooler box was identified for heat transfer analysis. Thermoelectric cooler box can be operated with a 12V battery or 12V DC power supply. The battery power can be charged using a 20W solar panel (if the battery power is drained out), with the condition that there should be heat radiation to generate electricity. Thus, no additional cost is needed on ice cubes whereby previously it requires more ice cubes to maintain the cold temperature inside the cooler box. By using a Peltier plate, the cooling hours inside can reach up to 100,000 hours with a maximum of 12 can of beverages stored inside the cooling box. Based on literature reviews, conduction and convection resistance between each layer of materials inside the cooler box play an important role to ensure heat is transferred inside the box. The heat sink also helps to ensure heat dissipation before flowing into the cooler box. In this design, a total of 56 kW of heat can be transferred from the box to keep the cooler box cool with the minimum temperature 15.6°C within a period of 35 minutes.
This project work is on design and fabrication of a plastic compressor machine to compress plastic waste. The objective of this project is to help to reduce plastic waste mostly from domestically usage and turn into a paving brick that can be uses as decoration in a mini garden or walkway. This plastic compressor machine works using a modified old conventional oven to melt shredded plastic waste in a mould and let the melted plastic cooled and turned to a paving brick. The temperature to melt the shredded plastic waste of 450 grams is 250 degrees Celsius in 1 hour. The machine fabricated using recycled materials, which makes it cheap, easy to maintain and affordable.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Arterial stenting as a transluminal angioplasty procedure allows re-opening of narrowed vessels and restoring normal blood flow with stent placement. The development of stents ed at the end of 19 century with bare-metal stents (BMS). Now, it has been based on the application of biodegradable or natural decomposed and coated stents. The coated stent has been found to improve BMS properties in terms of biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and better mechanical and biophysical properties. Also, a biodegradable stent may support the blood micro-vessel during the estimated period of time before downgraded constituents. The biodegradable stent also allows a reinsertion for several months to improve the vessel wall's quality. This paper describes the possible materials for stents and their properties such as design criteria, degradation behavior, disadvantages, and advantages with clinical and preclinical trials to date. Stent degradation allows reinsertion of the stent after several months and improves the vessel wall quality. This paper focuses on developing materials for stents, which describe the possible materials for stents and their properties. Furthermore, the current clinical trial of the new proposed stent will also be highlighted.
Development program of local ventilator component, respiratory flow meter (RFM), respiratory blower fan (RBF), and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) valve are the main part of contribution to support medical team during COVID-19 virus outbreak that start on March, 2020 in Indonesia. In the COVID-19 pandemic era ventilator become necessary thing to treat Covid patient especially for worst cases patient. With increasing in people who infected by COVID-19 around the world and also in Indonesia, caused the demand of the ventilator system also increased significantly. In Indonesia many research institution and universities have been initiated to develop the emergency ventilator to support the increasing demand. Some companies in Indonesia initiate to develop the component of the lung ventilator to support other research institution therefore to minimize dependency from import product which is in the pandemic era the component such as flow meter and blower fan is difficult to get caused by stock limitation. In this paper we expose the process on development of three essential component part of the lung ventilator, i.e., respiratory flow meter (RFM), respiratory blower fan (RBF), and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) valve. The development of these components is using a standard design procedure and utilized with some design software for obtaining the optimum design result.
This study aims to create a prototype of an electronic key system using internet of things-based RFID with a validated monitoring system with registered data. This system is applied to the door of the Integrated Laboratory of the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Lampung. The electronic keys that are created are very difficult to break into and also easy to change the access secret code to maintain confidentiality. The developed electronic door lock device has strong security reliability with code validation. The code validation block serves as a door unlock determinant. The validated data will produce a signal 1 which will drive the actuator, in this case the door lock solenoid, to work (lock open). The security code has 2554 combinations. To access the door from outside, the RFID tag should be registered in the database and permitted by administration and the ID number data is on the processor. The counter will count the number of people who pass through the door, if more than one person then the buzzer will sound. Then the door lock solenoid is closed and will lock the door again. From the experimental results it is found that this system can work well with a minimum delay of 1.8 s obtained at a distance between devices of 5 m.
The demand for poultry products is seen increasing from year to year. This is a good thing for local chicken entrepreneurs. But the task of plucking chicken feathers is time-consuming and tiring. The production of machines to help simplify the process of removing chicken feathers is seen as a necessity for these small and medium industrial entrepreneurs. This is why we focus on producing chicken feather retractor machines (CFRM) that are capable of processing up to five chickens at once. This machine is portable and easy to move around and supported by four wheels that can be locked to ensure stability. This machine can perform effectively to remove feathers using friction concept between the chicken and the plucker fingers rubber which attached around the drum. The machine also environmentally friendly by filtering the feather from scattered everywhere and only allow water to come out. The result shows that this machine operates under the motor powered with 115.13 rpm with the rotating plate area is 0.166 m2 and drum volume of 0.158 m3. This machine managed to remove the feathers of up to five chickens within 30 seconds to 60 seconds
The boundary layer forced convection flow, heat and mass transfer over a continuous sheet moving in a nanofluid with suction/injection has been investigated numerically. Slip velocity was considered instead of the usual no-slip condition at the boundary. The governing partial differential equations were transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation, and were solved numerically using the boundary value problem solver in the Matlab software. The effect of velocity slip and suction/injection on the velocity and temperature profiles, the skin friction coefficient and the rate of heat and mass transfer were computed and discussed in details for various values of the governing parameters. The results were displayed in tables and in graphs. Comparison of the numerically obtained results was made with previously published results and is in good agreement.Keywords: Boundary Layer, Velocity Slip, Suction/Injection, Continuous Moving Sheet, Nanofluid
There has been an increasing interest in biogas production, storage and utilization, due to global warming concerns and the need for renewable energy. Raw biogas contains impurities (CO2 and H2S) which limits the energ y content and lowers the heating value. The use of upgrading processes to remove incombustible gases from raw biogas increases its methane content and energy capacity. Water Scrubbing, based on the physical effect of dissolving gases in liquid is a method of upgrading biogas. This study modeled and evaluated the enrichment parameters needed to achieve a minimum biogas purity of 95% using a step wise variation technique on CHEMCAD modeling and simulation tools. Chemical Process simulation software tool, CHEM CAD, was applied for the simulation. The optimal operating parameters for methane enrichment of 97.43% was obtained at 2.5atm inlet gas pressure, 1.2m 3 /hr gas flow rate and water flow rate of 12m 3 /hr. The findings indicate that water scrubbing may be a rea dy procedure for biogas enrichment.
An autoregressive Box-Jenkins stochastic model of the twelfth order has been developed for the monthly rainfall data for Forcados along the coast of South Eastern Nigeria. The goodness of fit of the model was assessed by estimating the autocorrelations of the residuals of the historical data (from January 1931 to December 1960) for lags one to twelve. A 95% confidence band was also established for the autocorrelations. The results show that eleven of the twelve autocorrelations fall within the 95% confidence band, which makes the model just barely acceptable. Box and Jenkins (1972) indicate that any of their models can in fact be shown to be equivalent to an infinite Autoregressive model (or Moving Average model for that matter) and since also monthly rainfall data are known to exhibit a seasonality of twelve months, the performance of an Autoregressive model of the twelfth order is indicative of that of Box-Jenkins models in general for monthly rainfall modeling. The factors that influence the suitability of a model include the nature of the physical processes involved and the quality of the data available. The use of Box-Jenkins models to simulate monthly rainfall in the coastal part of Nigeria appear to be just barely acceptable. It would thus be worthwhile to investigate other models. Keywords: Rainfall, Stochastics, Autoregression, Residuals Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology , Volume 10, 60-65
A residual lateritic soil classified as A-7-6 (12) or CL using AASHTO and Unified Soil Classification System (USCS), respectively, was modified with up to 4% cement admixed with up to 8% bagasse ash by dry weight of soil. The effect of bagasse ash on the cement modified soil was studied with respect to particle size distribution, plasticity characteristics, compaction characteristics and shear strength parameters, using British Standard Light (BSL) compactive effort. Cement and bagasse ash admixture treatment of lateritic soil yielded results that showed a reduction in the fines fraction and an improvement in the plasticity of the soil generally exhibited with decrease in liquid limit and increase in plastic limit. The maximum dry density (MDD) generally decreased, while optimum moisture content (OMC) increased with higher cement and bagasse ash treatments. The shear strength parameters (i.e., cohesion and angle of internal friction) also generally improved with decrease in cohesion, while angle of internal friction increased with higher concentrations of the additives. Based on compaction and shear strength parameters test results 1% cement can be admixed with 4% bagasse ash content for optimal lateritic soil modification. Keywords: Admixture, Bagasse ash, Cement, Lateritic soil Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology , Volume 10
Infiltration test on two irrigated soils was carried out to determine the infiltration rates of the soils for proper irrigation scheduling and planning at the Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA). The soil samples were taken from Agricultural Engineering Demonstration and the University Research farms. Soil classification was carried out using USDA textural triangle and a double ring infiltrometer was constructed and installed in the soil for the tests. Two models: Kostiakov and Philips were used to predict infiltration and compared with actual field measurements From the analysis, the soils were classified as sandy loam with 49.0% sand, 24.5% silt and 26.5% clay. The higher constituent of sand enables higher infiltration rate. The measurements of the soil chemical properties showed that the soil had a pH of 6.59 that was almost neutral and therefore did not have adverse negative effect on crops grown on it. Organic matter was 2.61(mg/l), Nitrogen 2.20(kg), Phosphorus 2.36(kg), Sodium 1.30(Na/ml), Calcium 3.00(Ca/ml) and Magnesium 0.70(mg/l) respectively. All these mineral constituents are within tolerable limits in soil for optimum crop growth. The constants of linear regression of the infiltration rates were obtained using Kostiakov and Philips equations which were a=58.87, n=0.12 and b=–66.4 respectively for Agricultural Engineering Experimental farm. Kostiakov equation derived was Ft=58.87t0.167 while Philips equation was Ft= 58.87-0.5–66.4 for the soil from the same farm. The average infiltration rate for the Agricultural Engineering Experimental Farms was 32.50 cm/min, and the cumulative infiltrations were found to be 16.58 cm/min. As for the University research farm, the average infiltration rates and cumulative infiltration were 28.30 cm/min and 11.46 cm/min respectively. Kostiakov equation derived was Ft = 66.52t0.09 while that of Philips was Ft = 66.52t0.09 – 61.84. From the statistical analyses carried out, there were obvious differences among the treatments at 5% significance level. This result could be used to plan for good irrigation scheduling and also to advice farmers on the type of irrigation techniques to be adopted based on the prevailing soil and weather conditions of such locations.
A cassava storage structure with two layers (cold storage and moist saw dust storage media) was designed, constructed and tested. The effect of duration of storage and the storage media on dry mater, moisture content and carbohydrate contents of cassava tubers when compared with traditional storage methods like underground pit and open platform were evaluated using proximate analysis. The cassava tubers were stored for five weeks and the experiment was repeated three times. Results showed that there was significant difference in the effect of duration of storage and storage media on percentage dry matter, moisture content and carbohydrate at (P ≤ 0.05) Underground pit and open platform which served as control had the highest % moisture content at the fifth week of storage. The increase in percentage moisture content from 64% to 94% and 97% favoured rapid microbial infestation and deterioration in the Underground pit and open platform respectively. Cold storage and moist saw dust media had the highest percentage of dry mater content (12.73 and 6.88% respectively) and carbohydrate content (47.9 and 40.2% respectively). Thus, the cassava stored in the cold storage and moist saw dust compartment were considered as very effective storage media for cassava tubers. Keywords: Storage media, Cassava tubers, Dry matter, Moisture content, Carbohydrate content Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology , 10
Carrot slices pretreated (water and steam blanching, addition of ascorbic acid) and untreated carrot were dried in the sun and in a solar dryer. The drying time for pretreated carrot slices was shorter than untreated. Four mathematical models were fitted to the experimental data. Results obtained from regression analysis of experimental data shows that the Page model represents drying characteristics better than other models. The effective moisture diffusivity values ranged from 2.91 x 10-10 m2s-1 to 3.74 x 10-10 m 2 s -1 and 3.32 x 10-10 m 2 s -1 to 5.01 x 10-10 m 2 s -1 for samples dried in sun and solar respectively. Keywords: Sun-drying; Solar-drying; Modelling Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology , 7 Volume 10
The study focuses on the influence of aluminium titanium boron (A5TB) master alloy on the fatigue behaviour of 6063Al alloy. Cylindrical cast rods of 6063Al alloy containing different proportions of A5TB ranging from 0 - 0.11 wt.% were produced and were machined to conform to a standard fatigue specimen. The test specimens prepared were tested for fatigue strength at various stress levels, and results obtained were compared. The resistance to fatigue failure was observed to decrease as the stress level increased. It was also noted that irrespective of stress level, the optimum fatigue strength was obtained when the A5TB content was about 0.06 wt.%. It was found that 6063Al alloy to which A5TB master alloy have been added was most suitable for the design of components meant to operate under cyclic loading at low stresses below about 3.02 kN/m2. Keywords: Refiner, Fatigue, Aluminium Alloy, Cyclic Loading, Stress level Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology, Volume 10
The hardening characteristics of grey cast iron quenched in some locally available vegetable oils (groundnut, palm kernel, shea butter and Soya bean oils) have been studied using hardness values, tensile properties and impact values as major criteria. On a comparative basis, hardening characteristics of grey cast iron quenched in SAE40 engine oil – a good commercial quenching medium – was also studied for hardening process. Microstructural examination revealed, principally, lower bainite and martensite in all the quenched grey cast iron specimens. The mechanical properties of groundnut oil, shea butter oil, soya bean oil and SAE40 engine oil quenched grey cast irons are found to be superior to that obtained for palm kernel oil quenched cast iron, but their wear resistance as shown by the hardness values are inferior to that of palm kernel oil quenched cast irons. However, the wear resistance of the quenched grey cast iron developed in this group of local vegetable oils was superior to that of SAE40 engine oil. The potentials of these oils as quenching media for grey cast iron hardening process ranked in descending order as soya bean, shea butter, groundnut, and palm kernel, with respect to tensile strength values. In general, excellent hardening properties were obtained with these locally available vegetable oils. Hence, the suitability of these oils as a better quenching media than SAE40 oil in hardening process of grey cast iron has been ascertained.Keywords: Graphite flakes, grey cast iron, hardening, mechanical properties, microstructure, vegetable oils.
