Background: Testicular torsion is a common cause of acute scrotum and may lead to ischemia of the testis. The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience in the management of children who had testicular torsion. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of children aged 15 years and younger who were managed for testicular torsion between January 2014 and December 2018 at the pediatric surgery unit of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Enugu, Nigeria. Results: A total of 79 cases of confirmed testicular torsions were treated during the study period. The median age of the patients was 9 years with a range of 2 weeks to 14 years. Majority of the patients presented 48 hours after onset of their symptoms. The patients received treatment within 24 hours of presentation and abdominal pain was a consistent symptom in all the patients. Half of the patients had a preoperative Doppler ultrasound. Right side of the testis was mostly involved and three-quarters of the patients had orchidopexy whereas one-quarter of the patients had orchidectomy. Surgical site infection was the most common post-operative complication. However, there was no mortality. Conclusion: Delays in presentation may have resulted in testicular loss in 25% of the patients in the present study. We recommend high index of suspicion in children who present with scrotal pain.
Objectives: Examining the impact of occupational exposure on malignancy is important in risk stratifying individual patients. To this end, our analyses focus on explaining the industrial effects on bladder, kidney and prostate cancer. Methods: Data were obtained from a population-based linked dataset, Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort. Approximately 2.7 million people aged 25 or older who responded to the 1991 long-form Census questionnaire were linked with the Canadian Cancer Registry. Inclusion criteria included diagnosis between June 4, 1991, and December 31, 2010. Cox Proportional Hazards models were used to predict incidences of cancer with the agricultural industry as a reference point. Sex-specific analyses were then carried out. Results: Bladder cancer was diagnosed in 6970 men and 1665 women. The real estate industry was associated with increased risk for both sexes (men: hazard ratio [HR] 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.62, p<0.01; women: HR 1.63; 95% CI: 1.12-2.37, p< 0.05). Kidney cancer incidence was 4380 men and 1900 women. Health and social service was the only industry with increased risk for both men (HR 1.30; 95% CI: 1.04-1.62, p<0.05) and women (HR 1.36; 95% CI: 1.01-1.83, p<0.05). Prostate cancer incidence was 35220 men. A number of industries had a lower risk of prostate cancer diagnoses, such as accommodation and food (HR 0.77; 95% CI: 0.70-0.84, p<0.0001), when compared to the agriculture industry. Conclusions: Multivariate analysis, controlling for socioeconomic factors, found effects of real estate industry and health and social service consistently for both sexes in bladder and kidney cancer diagnosis, respectively. Prostate cancer incidence was highest in men from the agriculture industry.
Azoospermia is the clinical term utilized when there are no sperm in the discharge. It tends to be obstructive, where there is a blockage keeping sperm from entering the discharge, or it very well may be nonobstructive when it is because of diminished sperm creation by the testis.
Adenocarcinoma might happen anywhere in the body, beginning in organs that line the inner parts of the organs. Adenocarcinoma structures in glandular epithelial cells, which emit bodily fluid, stomach related juices or different liquids. It is a subtype of carcinoma, the most well-known type of malignancy, and ordinarily shapes strong growths.
Kidney stone disease is perhaps the most established disease known to medication; in any case, the systems of stone arrangement and improvement remain generally hazy. Over the previous many years, an assortment of hypotheses and systems have been created and used in the careful administration of kidney stones, because of late mechanical advances. Perceptions from the creators and other exploration bunches propose that there are five completely unique principle systems for kidney stone arrangement.
Objective: Antibiotic resistance is a common complication in long-term urinary tract infections (UTIs). Alternative treatments, such as UroShield acoustic wave technology prevents bacteria from attaching to the surface of catheters and has reduced the number of treated UTIs. The objective of the study was to compare quantitative and qualitative outcomes in patients with long-term UTIs at the start of UroShield treatment and after a 12-week trial. Methods: 23 patients with reoccurring UTIs were offered to use UroShield for a period of 12 weeks. Objective and subjective measures of improvement were recorded every week, including the number of UTIs, antibiotic treatment, catheter blockage and changes, bladder washout, hospitalisations or nurse visits due to UTIs, level of pain, sleep, and mobility. The patients’ qualitative reports about the device were recorded. The ongoing study started in 2018. Results: Wilcoxon signed ranks non-parametric test and thematic analysis were used to detect changes in UTIs and selfreported measures of pain and ease of wear. Patients reported a significant decrease in the number of UTIs and antibiotic treatment after a 12-week use of the Uroshield device (p < .001 and p = .009, respectively). Similarly, they had fewer catheter blockages and catheter changes (p = .006 and p < .001, respectively). Bladder washouts did not decrease over time. The pain was mild to moderate at the start of the trial which reduced significantly by the end of the trial (p = .017). Qualitative analysis confirmed the impact of the device on patients’ well-being, but an expanded study is needed to confirm these results. Further improvements to the device hardware have been identified by the patients. Conclusions: UroShield reduced the number of UTIs, catheter blockages and changes, and consequently the need for antibiotics. Patients reported the device is easy to use, were related to little to no pain, and overall improved patients’ well-being and mobility. We suggest the device should be considered as an appropriate treatment in long-term persistent UTIs.
Purpose: To study the association of prostatic volume, prostatomegaly grade and IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) with vitamin D deficiency if any. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 150 patients, 50 to 70 years of age. Patients presenting with LUTS (Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms) were randomly selected for the study. A diagnostic evaluation for LUTS was done in all the patients based on IPSS & clinical examination. Prostate volume was calculated using Ultrasonography (USG) and serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) cut off of <4 ng/ml was considered for inclusion. Successively all the patients were tested for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH) D level. Patients diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency were classified as “study population” and those with normal vitamin D level were classified as controls”. Results: The median serum level of 25(OH) D in the participants was 18.95ng/ml. Vitamin D deficiency was detected in 70% of the participants. The study population had a significantly greater mean prostate volume of 41.32 ± 23.29 ml than 23.42 ± 8.62 in controls (P <0.001). The study population also had significantly greater prostatomegaly grade on DRE and IPSS than controls (P=0.001). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with higher prostate volume and IPSS score in patients with BPE. If further studies confirm this association, treatment of vitamin D deficiency may help to prevent or delay symptoms of BPE.
Pearling, also known as genital beading, is a body modification process, which implicates the introduction of foreign bodies in the subcutaneous tissue.
