Background: Febrile seizures happen in children between 6 months and 5 years with fever, impacting 2%–5%, and about one-third recur, typically within 1–2 years. They are categorized as either simple or complex. Recurrence is associated with factors like early onset age, family background, reduced fever intensity, and brief fever duration. This study seeks to pinpoint significant risk factors for recurrence to enhance management and guidance. Methods: This observational study conducted in a hospital involved 35 children between 6 months and 5 years who were clinically diagnosed with febrile seizures in the department of Emergency, Observation & Referral, Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute. Clinical, demographic, and laboratory data were analysed using SPSS v25.0 to determine predictors of recurrence, with ethical approval and informed consent secured. Results: Out of 35 children experiencing febrile seizures, 34.3% experienced a recurrence. Younger age (<2 years), a family history, brief fever duration (<24 hours), and multiple seizures occurring within 24 hours were significant predictors (p<0.05). Logistic regression indicated higher odds of recurrence for age under 2 years (OR=2.8), a family history (OR=3.5), fever lasting less than 24 hours (OR=2.9), and multiple seizures (OR=3.8), with hyponatremia demonstrating borderline significance. Conclusion: Recurrent febrile seizures were common and associated with younger age, a family history, brief fever duration, and several seizures occurring within a 24-hour period. There was also a connection to extended seizures and low sodium levels. These elements assist in evaluating risks and providing guidance, with additional extensive studies required for validation. Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2026) Vol. 17 (1): 78-82
Background: Maxillofacial fractures in adolescents present unique diagnostic and management challenges due to ongoing craniofacial growth and differences in injury mechanisms compared to adults. In Bangladesh, epidemiological data focusing specifically on the 12–17-year age group remain limited. Objective: To determine the pattern, etiology, and distribution of maxillofacial fractures among patients aged 12–17 years presenting to a tertiary care facility in Bangladesh. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Community-Based Medical College, Bangladesh, from January 2024 to December 2024 at the Private Chamber, Mymensingh Specialized Dental and Maxillofacial Centre, and Community-Based Medical College Hospital (CBMCHB), Bangladesh. Using purposive sampling, 35 adolescents aged 12–17 years with radiologically confirmed maxillofacial fractures were enrolled. Data on age, sex, etiology, fracture site, and associated injuries were collected. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: Of 35 participants, 80.0% were male. Road traffic accidents caused 71.4% of fractures. The mandible was the most common fracture site (57.1%), followed by the zygomatic complex (22.9%) and maxilla (14.3%). Isolated fractures occurred in 68.6% of patients, while 31.4% had multiple fractures. Dentoalveolar injuries accompanied 31.4% of cases. No significant association was found between sex and fracture site (p=0.432) or between age group and etiology (p=0.287). Conclusion: Mandibular fractures secondary to road traffic accidents predominate among Bangladeshi adolescents aged 12–17 years in this tertiary care setting. Targeted preventive strategies, including helmet enforcement and adolescent road safety education, are warranted. Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2026) Vol. 17 (1): 37-41
Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis in children causes restricted mouth opening, facial deformity, and functional impairment. This study aimed to evaluate the surgical approaches and treatment outcomes of pediatric TMJ ankylosis managed at a tertiary care center. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bangladesh Medical University and Bangladesh Multicare Hospital from January to December 2024. Sixteen pediatric patients (1–18 years) with TMJ ankylosis underwent surgical management. Procedures included interpositional arthroplasty, gap arthroplasty with or without coronoidectomy, and costochondral graft reconstruction. Outcomes were assessed using maximal interincisal opening (MIO). Results: The mean age of the patients was 9.3 ± 3.2 years, with male predominance (62.5%). Trauma was the most common etiology (62.5%), followed by infection (18.8%). Unilateral ankylosis was present in 68.8% of cases. Interpositional arthroplasty was the most commonly performed procedure (37.5%). Mean preoperative MIO improved significantly from 5.9 ± 3.4 mm to 27.1 ± 7.2 mm at final follow-up (p < 0.001), with an overall mean improvement of 21.2 ± 6.3 mm. Bilateral cases showed comparatively lower postoperative mouth opening than unilateral cases. Reankylosis occurred in 12.5% of patients. Other complications included isolated cases of bleeding, wound infection, and temporary facial nerve weakness. Conclusion: Surgical management of pediatric TMJ ankylosis provides significant functional improvement with acceptable complication rates. Early intervention, individualized surgical planning, and rigorous postoperative physiotherapy are essential for optimal outcomes and prevention of reankylosis. Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2026) Vol. 17 (1): 67-72
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor, causing neurological symptoms and requiring MRI-guided surgery followed by radiotherapy and temozolomide. Despite treatment, prognosis remains poor, with a median survival of about 14 months, though outcomes improve with younger age, maximal safe resection, and completion of therapy. Advanced imaging may improve prognostic assessment, but data from low-resource settings remain limited. Methods: A 5-year forward-looking study (2021–2026) at Dhaka Medical College Hospital and Green Life Hospital involved 30 patients with supratentorial glioblastoma who underwent maximal safe resection along with standard chemoradiotherapy. Patients underwent clinical and MRI evaluations, and survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method. Approval from the ethics committee and informed consent were secured Results: Fifteen patients diagnosed with supratentorial glioblastoma (average age 54.2 years) primarily exhibited headaches, seizures, and focal deficits. The majority had frontal tumors, lesions that did not cross the midline, and received gross total resection followed by chemoradiotherapy. The median overall survival time was 16.4 months, and the 5-year survival rate was 20% (6 out of 30). Improved outcomes were linked to gross total resection, tumors located away from the midline, completion of treatment, and positive MRI characteristics Conclusion: Supratentorial glioblastoma has a grim outlook even with combined treatment approaches. Improved survival correlates with gross total resection, thorough chemoradiotherapy, non-midline tumor positioning, and positive MRI characteristics, emphasizing the significance of extensive safe surgery and advanced imaging for predicting outcomes. Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2026) Vol. 17 (1): 73-77
Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a persistent inflammatory condition in children, characterized by diverse clinical features and varying levels of disease severity. In Bangladesh, the major challenges still persist with late diagnosis and restricted availability of advanced treatment options. Timely detection and swift intervention are crucial to enhance long-term results, avert joint injury, and minimize disability. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted in the Paediatric Medicine Department of Bangladesh Medical University, evaluating the clinical characteristics, disease severity, and treatment approaches in children with JIA (n=60) diagnosed according to ILAR criteria. Data were gathered through a structured form and examined using SPSS v25, employing descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test (p < 0.05). Ethical permission and informed consent were acquired. Results: Sixty children diagnosed with JIA were examined. The majority were between 5 and 10 years old (46.7%), female (60%), and from rural locations (66.7%). Oligoarticular JIA (46.7%), characterized by joint pain/swelling (91.7%), was the most prevalent. Mild disease severity (41.7%), low activity (33.3%), and Functional Class II (36.7%) were the most common. NSAIDs (83.3%) and methotrexate (75%) were the most commonly used therapies, whereas 70% did not receive biologic treatments. The severity of the disease showed a significant association with age, subtype, duration, and type of treatment, but not with sex. Conclusion: JIA is a long-lasting childhood rheumatic condition, primarily oligoarticular, characterized by mild to moderate severity. Severity relates to subtype, duration, age, and treatment. Timely identification and enhanced treatment are crucial to decrease disability. Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2026) Vol. 17 (1): 42-47
Background: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in children are common and often require detailed evaluation to identify underlying anatomical or functional abnormalities. Pediatric cystoscopy remains an important diagnostic and therapeutic tool in pediatric urology. Objective: To evaluate the clinical utility, indications, cystoscopic findings, and outcome of pediatric cystoscopy in male children presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms in a tertiary medical college hospital. Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology of Dhaka Medical College and Hospital from January 2022 to January 2025. A total of 312 male children aged 1 month to 7 years undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic cystoscopy for LUTS were included. Demographic profile, presenting symptoms, imaging findings, cystoscopic findings, intervention performed, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Results: The mean age was 3.2 ± 1.8 years. Most patients belonged to the 1–5 years age group (61.9%). Common presenting symptoms were poor urinary stream 131 (42.0%), recurrent urinary tract infection 119 (38.1%), straining during micturition 97 (31.1%), urinary retention 56 (17.9%), hematuria 34 (10.9%), and dribbling of urine 28 (9.0%). Posterior urethral valve was the most common cystoscopic finding 112 (35.9%), followed by cystitis 56 (17.9%), urethral stricture 37 (11.9%), bladder trabeculation 31 (9.9%), ureterocele 19 (6.1%), and normal findings 44 (14.1%). Therapeutic intervention was performed in 128 patients (41.0%). Minor postoperative complications occurred in 25 patients (8.0%) and were managed conservatively. Conclusion: Pediatric cystoscopy is a safe and effective modality for evaluation and management of lower urinary tract symptoms in children. It provides significant diagnostic accuracy and allows simultaneous therapeutic intervention in selected patients. Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2026) Vol. 17 (1): 9-12
Background: Pediatric maxillofacial trauma requires tailored surgical management, but postoperative infection rates in low- and middle-income country settings remain underreported. Understanding procedure-specific and demographic patterns is essential for preventive strategies. Objective: To determine the prevalence of postoperative infections in pediatric maxillofacial trauma patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Liberty Hospital Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2023 to December 2025. Using purposive sampling, 72 pediatric patients (aged ≤18 years) with maxillofacial trauma requiring surgical intervention were enrolled. Surgical procedures included ORIF (19 cases), closed reduction (31 cases), and soft tissue repair (22 cases). Postoperative infection was defined as purulent discharge, positive culture, or inflammation requiring antibiotics within 30 days. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: Postoperative infection prevalence was 13.9% among 72 patients. Age distribution was 52.8% (14–16 years) and 47.2% (>16 years). Males comprised 68.1%. Mandibular trauma was most common (43.1%), followed by maxillary (25.0%), zygomatic (16.7%), and multiple fractures (15.3%). Infection rates were 16.3% in males and 8.7% in females (p=0.382). ORIF had the highest infection rate (26.3%), followed by closed reduction (9.7%) and soft tissue repair (9.1%). Surgery ≥2 hours and hospital stay ≥5 days were significantly associated with infection (p=0.007 each). Conclusion: Postoperative infection occurred in 13.9% of pediatric maxillofacial trauma patients. Longer surgery duration and prolonged hospital stay were significantly associated with infection. ORIF carried the highest risk. Routine surveillance and tailored antibiotic protocols are recommended. Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2026) Vol. 17 (1): 54-59
Background: Urosepsis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and remains one of the leading causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in nephrology, urology, and intensive care unit (ICU) settings. Aim of Study: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, microbiological profile, and severity of acute kidney injury, antimicrobial sensitivity, resistance patterns, and treatment outcomes among patients with urosepsis-associated AKI. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over a three-year period from January 2023 to December 2025. Patients aged 15–80 years of both sexes attending the inpatient and outpatient departments of Nephrology were enrolled. Result: Patients with AKI secondary to urosepsis were identified according to the kidney disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria and included in the study. A total of 200 patients were enrolled. Urosepsis was defined as the presence of acute pyelonephritis or pyonephrosis with bacterial growth in blood cultures consistent with the organism isolated from urine cultures. Among a patient with Urosepsis; Upper UTI was observed in 78% cases and lower UTI was in 22% patients. The major types of cUTI were acute pyelonephritis (56%) then acute complicated cystitis (25%), acute emphysematous pyelonephritis (3%), pyonephrosis (5%) were detected. Among the patients, 60% were mild AKI, 15% moderate AKI, 10% was severe AKI, 10% AKI on CKD, and 5% were dialysis-dependent, while the remaining patients had other grades of renal impairment. The most frequent anatomical abnormalities were posterior urethral valve (PUV), urethral stricture, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD), and pelvic kidney. Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity among patients with complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI). Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the predominant pathogen, isolated in 44% of cases. Among the Gram-positive organisms, Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated, accounting for 8% of cases. The antibiogram showed that E. coli was most sensitive to colistin, meropenem, and tigecycline (88.5%). Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest sensitivity to linezolid (90%), followed by vancomycin (80%). Pseudomonas was most sensitive to imipenem (90%) and amikacin (70%). Klebsiella showed the highest sensitivity to piperacillin–tazobactam (95%), followed by meropenem (85%). Enterococcus was most sensitive to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (80%) and levofloxacin (76%). Proteus showed 75% sensitivity to meropenem. Staphylococcus saprophyticus was most sensitive to linezolid (80%), followed by vancomycin (75%). Group B Streptococci showed the highest sensitivity to meropenem (85%) and amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (70%). Treatment response was not uniform, the study found that a 14-days antibiotic course provided better clinical outcomes compared to a 10-days treatment. Conclusion: Urosepsis-induced Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a severe, life-threatening complication that significantly increases short-term mortality and long-term risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It requires immediate source control, antibiotic therapy, and hemodynamic stabilization to prevent irreversible end-organ damage. Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2026) Vol. 17 (1): 88-94
In newborn child, one of the most common sites for intestinal obstruction is duodenum. Duodenal atresia and web are the primary cause of intrinsic duodenal obstruction. Duodenal webs are rare, ranging from 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 40,000 live births as per reported incidence. Duodenal web or diaphragm obstruct the lumen in complete or incomplete manner and the age of diagnosis may also vary for this. Location of webs other than the second part of duodenum is rare with only a few cases reported in literature. We are reporting two cases of different age where we found duodenal web at duodenojejunal junction. ‘Case 01’ is a 14months male child presented with frequent bilious and non-bilious vomiting in irregular pattern. ‘Case 02’ is a 5days preterm low birth weight female neonate with bilious vomiting and failure to pass meconium. Both cases were diagnosed as intestinal obstruction and the diagnosis was confirmed after laparotomy and operated accordingly. Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2026) Vol. 17 (1): 117-119
Abstract not available Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2026) Vol. 17 (1): 1-2
Background: Maxillofacial fractures in adolescents can lead to functional and aesthetic impairment if not managed properly. In Bangladesh, prospective data on treatment outcomes following surgical or conservative management in this age group remain scarce. Objective: To evaluate the treatment outcomes of maxillofacial fractures in adolescents aged 12–17 years. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Community Based Medical College Bangladesh, from January 2025 to December 2025 at Private Chamber, Mymensingh Specialized Dental and Maxillofacial Centre, and Community-Based Medical College Hospital (CBMCHB), Bangladesh. A total of 30 adolescents with maxillofacial fractures were enrolled using purposive sampling. Management included open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) or conservative treatment based on fracture type and location. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: All 30 participants completed the 12‑month follow‑up. Fracture union was achieved in 29 participants (96.7%). Mean maximum mouth opening improved from 24.3 mm (SD 5.1) pre‑treatment to 38.6 mm (SD 4.2) at 12 months (p<0.001). Malocclusion at baseline was present in 25 participants (83.3%), which reduced to 4 participants (13.3%) at 12 months (p<0.001). Post‑operative infection occurred in 2 participants (6.7%), transient inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia in 3 (10.0%), and no case required secondary surgical intervention. No mortality was reported. Conclusion: Management of maxillofacial fractures in adolescents showed favorable outcomes with a high fracture union rate, significant improvement in mouth opening, and a marked reduction in malocclusion. Complication rates were low. These findings support current management protocols in resource‑limited settings Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2026) Vol. 17 (1): 24-29
Background: Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital anomalies of the male external genitalia, with wide geographical variation in anatomical patterns and surgical approaches. Optimal management remains challenging in resource-limited settings where delayed presentation and limited subspecialty care are prevalent. Objective: To evaluate the clinical patterns, surgical techniques, and early postoperative outcomes of hypospadias repair among children treated at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Pediatric Urology, Bangladesh Medical University (BMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2023 to December 2025. A total of 153 children with hypospadias were enrolled using purposive sampling. Data on anatomical type, associated anomalies, surgical procedures, and complications were recorded. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: The mean age at surgery was 3.8±2.1 years. Distal hypospadias was observed in 89 patients (58.2%), midshaft in 41 (26.8%), and proximal in 23 (15.0%). Chordee was present in 47 patients (30.7%). The most common repairs were tabularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty (60.1%), followed by onlay island flap (23.5%) and two-stage repair (16.4%). Overall complication rate was 21.6%, with urethrocutaneous fistula (9.8%) and meatal stenosis (6.5%) being the most frequent. Complications were significantly higher in proximal hypospadias compared to distal types (34.8% vs. 16.9%, p=0.03). Conclusion: Distal hypospadias predominated in this cohort, and TIP urethroplasty was the most frequently performed procedure. Proximal variants carried higher complication rates, emphasizing the need for specialized surgical expertise and long-term follow-up. Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2026) Vol. 17 (1): 19-23
Background: Paediatric surgical patients are vulnerable to perioperative morbidity and mortality. In low-resource settings, differentiating unavoidable surgical complications from potentially negligent death remains challenging. Autopsy findings may provide objective evidence of medical error, yet systematic prospective data linking autopsy-proven negligence to legal definitions of homicide are scarce. Objective: To determine the proportion and nature of negligent homicide among paediatric surgical autopsies. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2025 to December 2025. A total of 78 paediatric surgical deaths were included using purposive sampling. All cases underwent a complete medicolegal autopsy. Negligent homicide was defined as death directly caused by a healthcare provider’s action or omission deviating from the standard of care established by an independent expert panel reviewing clinical records and autopsy findings. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: Among 78 autopsied paediatric surgical deaths, 23 cases (29.5%) met criteria for negligent homicide. Common contributory factors included unrecognized intraoperative bleeding (47.8%), retained surgical instruments (26.1%), wrong-site surgery (13.0%), and anaesthesia-related errors (13.0%). Most deaths occurred within 48 hours postoperatively (78.3%). Mean age was 4.2 years, with no significant sex predominance. Conclusion: Negligent homicide was identified in nearly one-third of paediatric surgical deaths autopsied in this cohort. Routine medicolegal autopsy combined with systematic case review can help distinguish negligence from unavoidable complications. Targeted perioperative safety protocols and training are urgently needed in similar low-resource settings. Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2026) Vol. 17 (1): 83-87
Background: Hematuria in children is a common clinical finding with a wide spectrum of urological etiologies, ranging from benign conditions to significant structural abnormalities. Limited prospective data exist on urological causes of pediatric hematuria in low- and middle-income settings, including Bangladesh. Objective: To determine the urological etiological profile and clinical outcomes of pediatric hematuria. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at Bangladesh Medical University (BMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2019 to December 2024. A total of 197 children aged 1 month to 18 years with gross or microscopic hematuria were enrolled through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: The mean age was 7.8±4.1 years; 111 (56.3%) were male. Urinary tract infection (UTI) was the most common cause (98 children, 49.7%), followed by hypercalciuria (54, 27.4%) and urolithiasis (32, 16.2%). Vesicoureteral reflux was diagnosed in 9 (4.6%), and post-traumatic hematuria in 4 (2.0%). No urological etiology was determined in 6 children (3.0%). At six-month follow-up, complete resolution occurred in 179 children (90.9%), persistent asymptomatic hematuria in 15 (7.6%), and progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in 3 (1.5%). All CKD cases were associated with obstructive uropathy from large renal stones. Conclusion: Urinary tract infection, hypercalciuria, and urolithiasis are the leading urological causes of pediatric hematuria in Bangladesh. Most cases resolve favorably, but children with obstructive stone disease require close follow-up to prevent CKD progression. Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2026) Vol. 17 (1): 30-36
Background: Pediatric musculoskeletal deformities are an important cause of childhood disability, leading to impaired mobility, functional limitation, and reduced quality of life. Data on the pattern of these deformities in Bangladesh are limited. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of pediatric musculoskeletal deformities in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2023 to June 2024. A total of 320 children aged 0–18 years with clinically diagnosed musculoskeletal deformities were enrolled using consecutive sampling. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, deformity pattern, anatomical distribution, severity, associated clinical conditions, and rehabilitation interventions were collected through clinical assessment and medical record review. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 8.6±4.1 years, and 59.4% were male. Cerebral palsy-related deformities (25.9%) were the most common condition, followed by clubfoot (21.3%), genu valgum (13.1%), and scoliosis (10.0%). Lower limb involvement was observed in 61.9% of children, while 52.5% had bilateral deformities. Moderate deformities accounted for 45.0% of cases. Developmental delay was the most common associated condition (20.0%). Physiotherapy (90.6%) and home exercise programmes (76.9%) were the most frequently recommended interventions. A significant association was found between deformity severity and developmental delay (χ²=27.35, p<0.001). Conclusion: Cerebral palsy-related deformities and clubfoot were the predominant pediatric musculoskeletal deformities in this tertiary rehabilitation center, with lower limb involvement being the most common presentation. Early diagnosis, multidisciplinary rehabilitation, and timely intervention are essential to improve functional outcomes in affected children. Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2026) Vol. 17 (1): 100-104
Background: Transabdominal ultrasonography (TAUS) is a key diagnostic tool in gynecology, providing crucial insights into adnexal masses. These masses, including ovarian tumors and cysts, present a wide range of pathologies from benign to malignant. Accurate characterization is vital for determining appropriate management strategies, with TAUS offering advantages such as non-invasiveness, cost-effectiveness, and real-time imaging. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of Transabdominal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of adnexal mass. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the Department of Radiology and Imaging of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh in collaboration with the respective departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Pathology. Total 65 patients were enrolled during the period from January, 2018 to December, 2019 to assess the diagnostic value of transabdominal USG scan in comparison with the histopathological comparison. All the relevant collected data were analyses performed by using the Statistical package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: Mean age of the study subjects was 36.96 years. Majority Study Subjects belonged to age group 25-34 years (32.30%). Around 69.23% study subjects had abdominal pain and tenderness as clinical feature and 12.30% had abdominal lump. 10.76% study subjects were irregular menstruation and 9.23% had weight loss. Majority of masses had homogenous echogenicity (63.08%) and mixed echogenicity (36.92%). Majority of masses had thin septations (73.84%), others had thick septations (26.15%). Majority masses had posterior acoustic enhancement (90.65%) and 9.35% masses didn’t have posterior acoustic enhancement. Majority study subjects were diagnosed as benign ovarian tumour (65%) and (35%) were diagnosed as malignant ovarian tumour according to USG. Majority of study subjects were diagnosed as benign ovarian tumour (69.2%) and 30.8% were diagnosed as malignant ovarian tumour according to Histopathology. USG had 90% sensitivity to correctly diagnose malignant lesions as malignant ones but much lesser specificity (88.89%) to differentiate benign as benign. Overall, the accuracy is 89.23%. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that when compared to the gold standard, transabdominal ultrasonography. Consequently, transabdominal ultrasonography proves to be a valuable imaging method for diagnosing adnexal masses. In resource-rich settings, it could serve as a supplementary diagnostic tool. Further research with larger sample sizes across multiple centers is warranted to enhance result precision. Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2026) Vol. 17 (1): 48-53
Urethral duplication is a rare congenital anomaly, predominantly seen in males, with very few cases reported in females. This anomaly can be partial or complete and manifests with a variety of clinical symptoms including deformed penis, double urinary streams, urinary tract infections (UTIs), incontinence, urethral discharge, and outflow obstruction. This case report discusses the diagnosis, surgical management, and follow-up of a 7 year old boy with Type II A2 urethral duplication. Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2026) Vol. 17 (1): 114-116
Background: Oral cancer survivors often experience long-term functional impairments, including dysphagia, speech difficulties, trismus, pain, nutritional problems, and psychosocial distress, which significantly reduce HRQoL. Evidence on the effectiveness of structured rehabilitation in low- and middle-income countries is limited. This study assessed the impact of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme on HRQoL among Bangladeshi survivors. Methods: A randomized controlled trial at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from July 2023 to July 2024 involved 80 oral squamous cell carcinoma survivors, randomly assigned to intervention (n=40) or control (n=40) groups. The intervention included a 12-week multidisciplinary rehab program with therapy, exercises, nutrition, oral hygiene, and psychosocial support, while controls received routine care. HRQoL was measured with EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-H&N35. Secondary outcomes were mouth opening, weight, nutrition, adherence, satisfaction, and adverse events. Results: Baseline demographic, clinicopathological, and HRQoL characteristics were comparable between the groups (all p > 0.05). Following rehabilitation, the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in global HRQoL than the control group (+13.8 ± 6.2 vs. +3.7 ± 5.5; mean difference, 10.1; 95% CI, 7.5–12.7; p < 0.001). Significant improvements were also observed in swallowing (p < 0.001), speech (p = 0.002), pain (p = 0.004), mouth opening (p = 0.006), body weight (p = 0.031), nutritional status (p < 0.001), rehabilitation adherence (p < 0.001), and patient satisfaction (p < 0.001). No significant differences in adverse events were identified between the groups. Conclusions: A structured multidisciplinary rehabilitation program significantly improved HRQoL and multiple functional outcomes in oral cancer survivors while demonstrating excellent adherence and a favorable safety profile. These findings support the integration of multidisciplinary rehabilitation into routine survivorship care, particularly in resource-limited settings. Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2026) Vol. 17 (1): 105-113
Background: Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair has become an increasingly accepted approach in paediatric surgery. Among the minimally invasive techniques, intracorporeal suturing and percutaneous extracorporeal suturing are widely practiced, yet debate remains regarding their comparative outcomes. Objective: To compare the outcomes of intracorporeal suturing and percutaneous extracorporeal suturing techniques in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in children. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, from September 2022 to February 2024. A total of 131 male children aged 2–12 years with clinically diagnosed inguinal hernia were enrolled and randomly allocated into two groups: Group A (intracorporeal suturing, n=65) and Group B (extracorporeal suturing, n=66). Operative time, per‑operative and post‑operative complications, and short‑term outcomes were analysed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Results: The mean age of patients was comparable between the two group, mean age was 6.22 ± 1.90 years in Group A and 6.05 ± 2.53 years in Group B, showing no statistically significant difference. The mean duration of surgery was significantly longer in Group A compared to Group B (p<0.001). No significant difference was observed between the groups regarding intra‑operative complications, postoperative hydrocele, testicular atrophy, or recurrence during follow‑up. Both techniques were found to be safe and effective. Conclusion: Percutaneous extracorporeal suturing is a safe, effective, and time‑saving alternative to intracorporeal suturing in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in children, with comparable complication rates and favourable outcomes. Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2024) Vol. 15 (1 & 2): 29-32
Aims/ objectives: To find out the beneficial outcomes of early feminizing surgery in patients with DSD due to CAH with virilization. By assessing pre & post operative anatomy, cosmesis & parental satisfaction. Methods: This prospective observational study included 25 patients (aged 2year-11 years) of CAH with virilization who were clinically optimized pre-operatively. Feminizing genitoplasty of these patients were carried out in various Department of Paediatric Surgery in three centers. The study is being conducted with the intention of observing the short-term outcome. Patients were selected by purposive sampling from January 2021 to October 2025, over a period of 5 years. Results: The mean age of the study subject was 6.29±2.3 years. The mean value of cosmetic outcome score was 8.4 on a 10-point scoring system. According to the outcome evaluation: 3 patients (12%) had excellent results, 7 patients (28%) had very good results, 11 patients (44%) had good results, and 4 patients (16%) had fair results. Postoperatively, among the 25 patients: 18 patients (72%) achieved Prader score 0, 11 patients (44%) had clitoral index >1, and 14 patients (56%) had clitoral index <1. No postoperative complications were observed. Parental satisfaction, assessed by likert scale, was 100% among all participants. Conclusion: Early feminizing genitoplasty showed satisfactory cosmetic & anatomical outcomes with high parental satisfaction and minimal complications. Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2024) Vol. 15 (1 & 2): 10-12
