This paper investigates the effect of self and other-oriented behaviors on motivating organizational citizenship behaviors in an organization. Employees vary in the strength of their self-oriented and other-oriented motives. It is believed that people high on other orientation are more likely to engage in organizational citizenship behavior; however, it has been noticed that even people high on self-orientation are willing to participate in organizational citizenship behaviors. This paper shows that organizational citizenship behaviors are essential for the success and continuity of any business.
Nowadays, with the expansion of information technology sciences across the globe, this field of science is gaining growing notability every day, so that many organizations have discovered that data is the base pillar in every structure and community and this fact resulted in increasing the usage and efficiency of it. Realization of this fact has led the companies into major competition and as a matter of fact only the organizations succeed which have discovered the importance of data for their company in shorter time than the rivals. But now that most of the organizations have achieved mutual perception of data, only the groups that distinguish the vitality and its management in a shorter period of time would be the foremost leading. Nowadays the management of science, is the new challenge companies face and in order to increase their productivity, they endeavor to expand the science existing in the organization amongst their staff so that, with the increase of their knowledge, they aid the frame and guideline of the company that leads to its profitability, the final purpose. One of the efficient ways of knowledge increase is usage of science and its instruction by experienced people having enough skill in working system. On the other hand, the withdrawal or retirement of these members are the challenges companies confront on their way to managing the knowledge. Admittedly, the companies capable of controlling this crisis, or lowering the drawbacks of experienced staff withdrawal, would gain more profits; and this issue would be reduced by chaining the knowledge among the employees.
I have read Sun Tzu’s book entitled “the Art of War.” It is a military treatise written by a Chinese general 2500 years ago. It is the oldest military treatise in the world, first written in Chinese then translated in to French and English respectively. The treatise contains thirteen chapters. Each chapter provides numbered lists of military strategies and tactics.
“Corruption deprives our young citizens of opportunities to develop meaningful livelihoods.” The aforesaid was spoken by the Nigerian President Muhammad Buhari at the 30th African Union Summit which took place at the beginning of 2018. The goal of the summit was to construct new ways to end corruption and promote transparency on the part of Government and the society. Africa has been a victim of corruption for decades now. According to Transparency International, 80% of the African Population earns less than $2 per day. With such low level of income, the inhabitants must face daily struggle to procure food and address basic health issues. The Government is deeply exhausted trying to find ways to fix the problem of corruption as it is rotting the nation from the inside.
Given the recent discussion of leadership, specifically in Public Administration, this brief overview compares ideas proposed by Stephen R. Covey in his 1989 book entitled, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People to current literature of leadership theory. A current perspective on these habits is the focus. No evidence is found in contrast to Covey’s suggested habits as compared to ethical leadership theory, authentic leadership theory, transformational leadership theory, servant leadership theory, and leader-member exchange theory, and it remains a recommended reference for effective leadership.
Learning English Language with the aids of applications (apps) on smartphones is now quite on the vogue among the EFL learners at the tertiary level of Bangladesh. Smartphones and apps making institutions are always coming up with innovative language facilitating softwares with a view to providing the users cum learners with much easier and more sophisticated advantages. EFL learners especially at the university level of Bangladesh are making the best use of these technological amenities in and out of the classrooms. This article endeavors to manifest the outcomes of a study conducted on a number of EFL learners majority of who are found to be exploiting English language learning apps comprehensively. It attempts to present how these apps can be better effectuated for the greater benefit of the EFL learners. With regard to pedagogical interest, this study aims to offer a feasible language teaching approach to the EFL instructors as well.
The purpose of this original work is to find the determining factors affecting graduate students’ usage of online social media (e.g., Facebook) as a job searching tool. Based on rigorous literature review three latent variables (i.e., graduate students’ perception about Facebook as effective for professional networking, their Facebook usage pattern, and job recruiter’s responsiveness on their Facebook pages) are hypothesized to have significant positive impact on Facebook usage as a job searching tool. Covariance-based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) followed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) is applied to analyze data from 200 respondents incorporated into 13 observed variables and to get the concluding remarks regarding the hypothesized relationships. All of three latent variables are found to have significant positive impact on the dependent latent construct. Findings are also bearing great importance for the HR policy makers in terms of addressing the issue of how to deal with online social media during recruitment process.
In this study the author presents what is believed to be the first attempt at using micro-level data to evaluate a theory of how corruption affects the customs clearance process in selected African countries between 2007 and 2015 using ordinary least-squares (OLS). The study validates the hypothesis that corruption causes a diversion of effort from clearance functions to unproductive services of negotiating bribe payments. It also finds that improvements in port facilities will improve customs effectiveness. The relationship identified between corruption and the effectiveness of the customs service is robust and includes regulatory quality, government effectiveness and an alternative use of the corruption index.
Purpose Among the vast innovation that emerged through industrialized revolution is the cell phone, while innovation has made life simpler in the present day, society is winding up increasingly attached to it via email, bills payments, movie production, video conferencing, financial tracking, face booking, indigenous and national news, stocks exchange news as well as the weather prediction. This paper aims to examine the elements influencing the utilization of telecommunication among clients through cell phones. Design/methodology/approach The technology acceptance model (TAM) has been widely used in the arena of innovation utilization; nevertheless, modern-day models are inadequate with regards to the factors that influence purchaser use, as they are centered more around innovation rather than services. Additionally, in the theory of planned behavior, individual norms construct is suggested as social impact and is regarded to be an independent factor. Findings Equally, usefulness and ease of use have been disregarded in numerous writing in light of TAM and in view of the survey discoveries; there is a positive connection between service quality, subjective norms, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness service. Originality/value The present paper proposed to the telecommunication establishments to firm-up interconnection between service quality and utilization purpose. It similarly enumerated equally theoretical and practical ramifications based on earlier writing and suggested future studies to concentrate more on the factors affecting Jordanian telecommunications utilization.
The study was conducted to identify dimensions that sustain research collaborations between universities and industries and government agencies in the Philippines. As a case study, a total of twenty-five participants including regional directors of national government agencies, local government unit heads, managing heads of business chambers, research heads, deans and presidents and vice-presidents of state universities and colleges in Davao Region, Southeastern Philippines served as key informants. The gathered data was processed using INVIVO qualitative software and thematic content analysis. The study found out that there is a growing evidence that universities, industries, and government agencies increasingly rely on each other to carry out research. When sectors collaborate in research, they effectively contribute to economic growth. Hence, in order to sustain successful research collaborations, the following dimensions were culled out from the study: First, typologies of research collaboration include capability-building, management partnership, institutional partnership, and reinforcement. Second, collaborative governance is necessitated through personal relation, establishing rapport, and transparency. Third, collaborative leadership is strengthened by political leadership, micro-leadership, and leadership by character. Fourth, collaborative research agenda setting where stakeholders and their thrusts and priorities must be involved should be considered. Fifth, research collaboration is sustained by the university’s provision of collaborative research enabling resources. Sixth, the university faculty’s motivation fosters collaborative research. And finally, strategic actions were formulated to ensure the sustainability of research collaborations. The study concluded with the development of a framework showing the dimensions for the sustainability of research collaborations in Philippine universities.
The study contains about Community Policing (CP) that is an organizational strategy and the way of philosophical thoughts allows working together between Police and Community to prevent and solve the problems of crime and offers human security. It is built on two prime features, firstly; it requires the transformation of methods and practice of the police, and secondly; taking steps to establish a relationship between the police and the public. Through the Community Policing philosophy, the ultimate goal is the creation of a professional, representative, responsive, and accountable institution that works with the public. Crime casts fear into the hearts from all walks of life and prevents them from taking their rightful place in the development and growth of our country. The rights and freedoms which the constitution entrenches are threatened every time a citizen becomes a victim of crime. In Bangladesh, Police is principally a reactive force with a philosophy of public control rather than community service. The emphasis is on solving crime after it occurs, rather than preventing it from happening in the first place. It can largely be ascribed to a lack of awareness, monitoring, and understanding, but also to a lack of leadership on the part of various stakeholders, including the police. There has been a poor evaluation by Bangladesh Police to analyze and treat the underpinning causes of crimes. Because of this lacking, and the lack of police guidelines or policy on crime prevention, police are unable to provide advice to the public on what preventative actions they can take. In fact, police themselves lack training and experience in crime prevention and community safety. The study focuses on the nuts and bolts of the performance of community policing. How it is working, what are the drawbacks of it, what the contributions of it in preventing crime and what can be strategies to make them effective and efficient to prevent crime while respecting human security and ensuring a safer and more secure Bangladesh permitting its citizens to live in an era of peace, security and justice.
This paper is used to provide answers to several public administration reform efforts in realizing good governance in Indonesia. The Indonesian public administration has made significant reforms, which are a result of the convergence of external and internal factors within the specified time period. Administrative reform can be called into two groups, namely managerial reform and government reform. Studies and reviews provide reports carried out in the decade of the 2000s. The content and spirit of managerial reform and governance reflect an administration that is very different from the traditional form of administration. Thus, it has the potential to produce quite large, not only in the role of the community, but in the relations of society and society. However, this study discusses political issues in Indonesian politics as two factors that reduce effective reform performance.
Federalism was adopted for Nigeria to effectively manage her multi-nationalities through negotiations and compromises on issues of political and national importance. As a system of government, it allows for the existence, side by side, of a myriad of groups differentiated by culture, history, norms and so forth and necessitates forging a common identity unclouded by ethnic cleavages as a prelude to national growth and development. The paper traces the evolution of Nigeria’s federalism through the colonial and post-colonial era to examine the influence of governance or the lack of it over the nation-building processes in Nigeria. This is imperative if the threats to her social, political and economic development posed by problematic nuances including power sharing, ethnicity and religion must be effectively addressed. These have defined Nigeria’s history, dotted her sociopolitical landscape, threatened her stability and existence as a federation and defied solutions by her successive military and civilian governments. For Nigeria, a developing country with unique federal characteristics, this paper proposes measures of remediation deriving from Rokkan’s nation-building model. The model is deemed appropriate in view of its procedural qualities through which interest articulation and eventual harmonization can be achieved. The measures, if adopted, will offer a leeway for ensuring more beneficial intergovernmental relations, boost the practice of federalism and improve the tangibility of governmental functions, output and the value of public service delivery to her citizenry.
Hostile conduct in the workplace is characterized in many forms of harmful acts. Workplace harassment of academics in particular as premeditated hostile conduct remain being common, while the victims may be unaware of the legal recourses to serve as deterrents for workplace offences of a non-violent nature. The purpose of this work is to synthesize earlier works on bullying and mobbing while emphasizing the occurrence of this forms of hostile conduct in higher education environments. It is recommended that potential legal remedies ought to be formulated to address individual cases of hostile conduct from individual or multiple aggressors.
Introduction: Unnecessary use of lights and sirens during transport of noncritical patients is a major cause of vehicle crashes contributing to injury and death among emergency medical technicians (EMTs), patients and bystanders. This study examines whether EMT stress levels and ambulance transport times differ as a function of using lights and sirens, and whether EMTs support policies for their use. Methods: Data for this quasi-experimental quantitative study was collected from 80 New Jersey EMTs using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Results were assessed for ambulance transport times for noncritical patients and EMT stress levels, both with and without the use of lights and sirens. Data were analyzed using the t test and regression procedures. Results: Analysis shows no statistically significant difference in transport times with lights and sirens in use compared to when they were not used. Findings are statistically significant in the undue and increased stress level of the EMTs when lights and sirens are used. Participants demonstrated support for a policy for their use. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the use of lights and sirens in transporting noncritical patients is unnecessary. Practical applications: Recommendations include the development of a state Emergency Medical Services policy to provide guidelines on the use of lights and sirens, or a system that allows for the objective evaluation of whether the situation warrants the use of lights and sirens. The implications for positive social change include savings of money, property and, most importantly, human lives.
The current research has focused on examining specific reasons that lead to the development of Stress and Anger within the Cyprus’ Police and Security Forces. A Mixed Method Research (Quantitative and Qualitative) has been applied in order to identify both the extend of the possible problem and the reasons leading to them. The researcher has used Structured Questionnaires (Quantitative Research) and Open-end Questions (Qualitative Research). The results show that there are internal and external factors leading to the development of high level of Stress and Anger. In addition, the researcher outlines several Conclusions and Recommendations that will enable better understanding and more effective confrontation of the relevant issues.
The paper discusses the supporting industry (SI) in Vietnam from various viewpoints, describing its role and development in the process of international economic integration.First, we investigate the overall economic and industrial structures in Vietnam by applying mathematical models represented by the logistic curve.We present real situations pertaining to the development of SI for the electronics industry in the manufacturing sector in Vietnam as a vital example.Then we provide a generalization of SI's strengths, limitations and the issues hindering the further development of SI in the country.Finally, based upon the experience of East Asian nations and their policy strategies for developing SIs, we propose recommendations for designing future policies to promote SI in Vietnam.
Job redundancy is the termination of a position, not an employee. It has recently gained its popularity among MNEs as a cost-cutting and profit enhancing strategy. While this should be considered as the last resort to downsize, studies suggest that businesses adapt redundancy without even considering other available strategic option, whenever they face financial difficulties. During and followed by the recent credit crunch, MNEs around the world especially those operating in the the UK and Australia has frequently announced redundancy. However, the practice is often criticised by the critics in that the strategy is often used to cut heads, not jobs. Therefore, the researcher has critically analysed job redundancy from academic, business and ethical viewpoints.
The basic purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between service quality and student’s satisfaction using HEdPERF model. The present study selected 384 respondents from 28 universities of Khyber Pakhunkhwa (Pakistan) using proportionate stratified random sampling method. The data was analysed with the help of SPSS and AMOS to measure service quality and student’s satisfaction in higher education industry. The Factor Analysis and Parallel Analysis were also applied for purification of the data. The Structural Equation Modelling was used for the acceptance and rejection of hypotheses. The model fit indices GFI, CFI, RMSEA and SRMR were also applied. Findings of the study reveal that among five dimensions of service quality academic aspects ranked as the most important dimension of service quality.
Introduction: Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is associated with major factors such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment and productivity.However, counterproductive work behavior (CWB) as a voluntary behavior of the staff runs counter to the organizational objectives and interests.This research attempts to determine the relationship between OCB and CWB in the headquarters departments' staff of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Iran.Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional research was conducted in 2015-2016 on 235 staff of Tehran University of Medical Sciences who had been selected via employing Cochran formula.The research instrument included Pudsakoff's OCB Questionnaire including five dimensions of Altruism, Conscientiousness, Sportsmanship, Courtesy and Civic virtue, and the CWB questionnaire developed by Fox and Specter.The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through content and face validity measures while its reliability was confirmed via alpha Cronbach method.SPSS software was used for analyzing the collected data.Incidentally, the descriptive tables were presented using mean and percentages, while the analytical statistics were provided through Pearson Correlation and Spearman, T-test, ANOVA and Linear Regression Tests. Results:The OCB was measured to be over the average and was 3.58 ± 0.95, and the CWB mean was 3.58 ± 1.14.There was a negative significant correlation between CWB and OCB (P=0.03,r=0.382).The correlation analyses showed that 14% of the CWB variations could be associated with OCB. Conclusion:Since only as little as 14% of the CWB is associated with OCB, it seems that other intra-organizational factors such as organizational justice, managers' ethics and organizational requirements could as well impact CWB and thus warrant further research.
