Business students graduate without knowing about the existence of quantum continuous gradient models (QCGM) to study financial markets. This paper introduces and discusses these models. The underlying function space Map (X, Y) of QCGM is a set of smooth maps called envelope-gradient functions (EGF) from X to Y with the standard compact-open topology. Herein, we take advantage of some natural properties of EGF to define a classical associative algebra on it and develop a mathematical QCGM. The development of QCGM involves principles of deformation quantization theory and definite integrals of EGF on uniform probability distributions. Applications in economics and further lines of research are suggested.
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is defined as the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period. Real GDP (RGDP) is GDP adjusted for the cost of living and is computed as Nominal GDP divided by a deflator. It is largely taken to be a measure of the economy of a country’s well-being, while year over year percentage changes in the RGDP measure economic growth (RGDPG. This research investigates the possibility that, in addition to trend, inflation may be a determinant of RGDPG. Specially, inflation is found to be a leading determinant having a negative influence.
Assessing a risk tolerance is vital for healthy financial decisions. Common surveys used to assess risk tolerance use language and jargon beyond the scope of financial novices. The purpose of this study is to develop an instrument to measure and evaluate the financial risk tolerance of the financial novices by providing a questionnaire that can be easily and quickly completed. The paper statistically documents that the Covid-19 has no impact on financial risk tolerance level, male participants are more risk tolerant than female participants, and there is a significant association between gender and the risk tolerance level among the non-minority participants.
This case describes a ransomware attack and the response and recovery effort at a small insurance company in Boston in 2019. Through the incident of a security breach, the case examines the rising trend in ransomware attacks and the dilemma faced by ransomware attack victims. It explains the importance of an information security framework, such as the Written Information Security Program (WISP) mandated by Massachusetts Law. Besides the general security management concepts, the case also presents a fair number of technical details in small business computer networks and digital forensics for responding to and recovering from security breaches.
The study presents preliminary findings of a Pilot Project that identified alternatives to disruptions in international trade and supply chains in the face of atmospheric (hurricane Maria in 2017) and pandemic (COVID-19) disasters. It focused on four critical imports: water, humanitarian relief goods, solar photovoltaic products, and COVID-19 test reagents. The project proposed an alternative pathway and method to address disruptions: build an integrated database from Bill of Lading and import-export-related data organized by Harmonized Schedule Code. Data analyses were carried out based on the Harmonized Tariff Schedule code system, and an integrated database was generated for imports of the four products that Puerto Rico buys in the international market. Import Key data were analyzed based on the Bill of Lading, sector, companies that sell the product, location of countries where the products are sold, ports that can reach Puerto Rico, and contact information of the companies and suppliers. This information allows humanitarian organizations, SMEs and the government to identify alternative supply networks.
In this study, an analysis was made of added value from each EU27 economy as a result of the internationalization of the markets, starting from the activity fields in the economy that contribute to obtaining the added value. Thus, a ranking of the countries according to the size of the added value was obtained, an analysis of the changes in activity level in 2017 compared to 2010 and a comparative analysis of the value-added structure between the EU27 and Romania. Finally, a classification of the countries was obtained according to the added value generated by each person employed, at the level of 2017 and it was observed that this indicator shows us the efficiency with which each country manages to value the processes and activities, so that the difference between what produce and what it consumes be high as possible.
In University regulated Tier IIB Schools in India, the prominent mode of instruction has been traditional face to face, teaching. The extent of technology to be incorporated in educational pedagogy was always debated. However, with the sudden COVID-19 pandemic, all institutions were compelled to adopt online teaching methodologies. With this background, this paper attempts to analyze the perception of students of Post Graduate Management Programmes from the four different Universities in state of Maharashtra, India, about their online learning experience during the pandemic. The study also attempts to identify various factors that have a bearing on student 's perceptions regarding the effectiveness of online teaching. For the purpose of quantitative analysis, factor analysis and multiple regression have been used. Based on the results of quantitative analysis, appropriate qualitative conclusions have been derived. The results of the study in terms of perception of students regarding online learning can contribute significantly in developing a blended approach for management education as per the latest UGC guidelines (2020).
Purpose – The purpose of this article is to identify and describe the changes that have taken place or are taking place throughout our societal structures as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Methodology – The paper draws from published articles and papers that have reported on the changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in many different areas of research to assemble a larger picture of the overall impact. Findings – The onset and evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed systemic vulnerabilities in a wide variety of areas, from the world order and the economy to the delivery of health care and the way families function. Given the size and magnitude of the disruptions, returning to pre-COVID-19 conditions is not an alternative. The crisis has accelerated many trends, while muting or slowing others. It has enhanced the shift of the centrum of power from the West to the East. Many countries have begun to think locally again, especially regarding supply chains and food security. The role of government has increased on a range of fronts. Digitalization has increased as the concept of ‘social distancing’ and functioning remotely has become the new normal. Originality – Over a relatively short period since the pandemic began, many studies on the impact of the pandemic have been published, though they have been largely focused on specific topics. By contrast, the aim of this research was to compile these various impacts to better understand the bigger picture as these dramatic changes are interwoven into our daily lives. Keywords – COVID-19, World Order, Globalization, Capitalism, Neoliberalism, Governance, Civil right, Climate change, Economy, Science, Food security, Future of Work, Cryptocurrency, Healthcare, Family structures, Learning, Travel, Mass gathering Conclusions – The pandemic has and will continue to change the world in many areas and in many ways.
Our inability to fully predict the complexity of tax behavior stems from the fact that tax evasion, by its very nature, is difficult to observe. The illegality of underreporting taxable income generates the need to maintain secrecy which makes it all the more strenuous to isolate the factors that influence wealth disclosure to tax officials. This paper is an experimental tax game in the context of Bangladesh where a culture of corruption permeates. In particular, this research intends to investigate individuals’ behavior when they have an incentive to partake in corruption by evading taxes through paying bribes. The study finds that individuals readily choose the financially lucrative and payoff maximizing option of paying bribes, whenever possible, to mitigate the risks of getting caught. We also find that, more often than not, higher tax rate decreases wealth disclosure. Moreover, there is considerable evidence that enforcement of punishment, through the use of audits, acts as a deterrent when it comes to under-reporting wealth.
The art.367 septies, was added to the Criminal Procedure Law (LECrim in Spanish) through Final Disposition 1º number three of the Organic Law 5/2010, of 22 June, which modified the Organic Law 10/1995, of 23 November of the Criminal Code. Thus, for the first time, the creation of an Office dedicated to Asset Recovery (OAR). Although considered necessary, this legislative amendment was never implemented in practice and its functions were assumed in part by the Center for Intelligence against Terrorism and Organized Crime (CITOC) and the National Plan on Drugs (Act 17/2003 of 29 May). Furthermore, since it was designed solely to carry out asset tracing tasks and not to manage them, the judicial bodies lacked the necessary assistance to be able to administer and perform the effects seized and confiscated. As a result, they were faced with the task of managing assets that had previously been seized and confiscated for which they lacked the necessary material and human resources. However, the need to comply with Directive 2014/42/EU of the Parliament and Council of 3 April 2014 on the freezing and confiscation of instrumentalities and the proceeds of crime in the European Union and, as a result, to improve the effectiveness of the system of asset recovery and management, led to the amendment of Organic Law 1/2015 of 30 March, which amended Organic Law 10/1995, by means of the fifth Additional Provision of the LECrim (introduced by Law 41/2015, of 5 October, amending the Criminal Procedure Act to speed up criminal justice and strengthen procedural guarantees) the content of art.367 septies of the LECrim, in the sense of completing its initial function of locating and recovering assets with that of administering and managing them, made clear by renaming the initial OAR (Office of Asset Recovery) into the current OARM: Office of Asset Recovery and Management.
This paper focuses on the economic performance of immigrants admitted through the diversity immigrant visa program otherwise known as the DV lottery. The question of interest is: does the human capital eligibility requirement improve the economic performance of diversity immigrants compared to immigrants in other admission categories? Using the first round of the New Immigrant Survey, the results indicate that diversity immigrants were less likely to be home owners than immigrants admitted as spouse of U.S. citizens. In addition, diversity immigrants were less likely to work for pay than immigrants admitted through the employment admission category.
Accusations concerning the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic are mounting between Western and Eastern countries, where Russia is far from being an exception Division lines exist even within blocs of countries having very similar political, socio-economic and cultural identities There are as many ways to handle the COVID-19 pandemic as governments, international organisations etc , but the necessity of at least some forms of lockdown is almost universally agreed Unfortunately, instead of abandoning previous conflicts and maximising international cooperation to successfully contain the pandemic, minimising casualties and social stress, virtually all aspects of the pandemic become over-politicised and used to advance competing interests Russia is an important part of the "blame-game" Having a culture of strong presidential power, harsh measures had been introduced meeting compliance of most of the society As of November 2020, the number of newly infected people was still rising quite rapidly and systematically Thus, the effectiveness of Russian countermeasures to tackle the pandemic was debated not only in Russia, but around the world
Microplastic pollution has recently gained the attention of the public media, politics and research. Microplastics (i.e., plastic particles less than 5mm in size) have been identified as a global environmental threat for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and human health. Agriculture is assumed to be both victim and polluter of microplastic pollution. Agricultural soils receive microplastic immissions from tire wear and fragmented macroplastic that enters the environment through littering. Furthermore, farmers who fertilize their arable land with sewage sludge and compost unintentionally apply the microplastic particles contained in these biosolids. On the other hand, agricultural soils may emit microplastics into aquatic environment. Because of this ambivalent position as both victim and polluter, the information on microplastic pollution is of current interest for agricultural production and might become a relevant topic for agro-environmental policies in the future. Our research aims to quantify the microplastic immissions into agricultural soils and emissions from agricultural soils into aquatic systems. We use different analysis approaches and interdisciplinary modelling to address these aims for two case studies in Germany. Because research in microplastics is a relatively new concern, we combine different methodological approaches in a complementary way.
This work proposes a model based on econometric technics, which through the use of Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) achieves the quantification of Puerto Rico’s shadow economy in 2014. Using structural and internal consistency quality measures for reflective as for formative variables, the econometric model is optimized. The selected model with the best overall measures was denominated as MIMIC_UNE (6-2-1-3). This study has found that for 2014, the informal economy in Puerto Rico is of the order of 36.47% of the GDP, as the fact that it has been rising since 2000 up until this study’s date.
