The cause of death for Covid-19 patients is still controversial, some say that the age of children under five and the elderly has a high risk of death, some report a high risk of co-morbid mortality, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, asthma, pneumonia Until now, there is no definite cure for the corona virus disease 19, while transmission from person to person through droplets makes it very easily transmitted The morbidity rate is high, and also the mortality rate is around 7% The aim of the study was to prove the etiology of the death of Covid-19 patients at Jakarta Hospital Research Method: Applied research method with case control design Samples of 41 patients died and control of 41 live Covid-19 patients Sampling for patients who died from March to June 2020 a total of 41 people and 41 living Covid-19 patients were taken by random sampling, data collection was using the Eijkman Institute standard questionnaire Frequency distribution analysis, chi square and multiple logistic regression Result: The descriptive results of male gender are 56 1%, minimum age 0 5 years, maximum 92 years, and average 54 years Young people 0 5-59 years, 63 4%, and 60-92 years 36 6% Religion of Islam 68 3%, Non-Muslim 31 7% Clinical symptoms of fever 22%, no fever 78%;shortness of breath 64 6%, pain 8 5%, cough 43 9%, lethargy 20 7%, headache 13 4%, diarrhea 12 2%, nausea 24 4%, pneumonia 74 4%, sore throat 2 4%, cold 1 2%, large stomach 1 2%, swollen legs 1 2%, oxygen saturation was up normal 38 46% Co morbidity: Hypertension 35 4%, Diabetes Mellitus 23 2%, HD/CKD 12 2% X-ray almost of them pneumonia (98 8%) PCR laboratory positive 34 1%, Rapid Anti Body reactive test 25 6 Whole blood test: Hb 4 9% up normal, up normal erythrocytes 42 7% , Hematocrit up normal 42 7%, up normal thrombocytes 28%, up normal leukocytes 54 9%, up normal lymphocytes 74 4%, up normal CRP 35 4%, GDS up normal 7 3%, up normal SGOT 45 1%, up normal SGPT 45 1% Urea up normal 43 9%, creatinine up normal 56 5%, sodium up normal 59 8%, potassium up normal 58 5%, calcium up normal 63 4%, chloride up normal 53 7% Medical Care: ICU 18 2%;ventilator 23 2%, IVFD 52 4%, Oxygen 32 9%, Diet 4 9% TB drugs 6 1%, Azithromycin 3 7% Asering 2 4%, OMZ 11%, Menden 11%, Cefrocidine 41 5%, Lasix 11%, Aspilet 3 7%, Milos 46 3%, Coagulant 3 7%, Dopamine 3 7%, Alloclamide 1 2%, Hazania 1 2%, Tamiflu 1 2%, Lefloxine 2 4%, Oseltamivir 26 8% Hedonic 4 9%, Paracetamol 2 4%, Kalmix 18 3% Amlodipine 14 6% Carnefit 8 5% Renovit 2 4%, Vit C 25 6% Vit E 18 3%, Vit D 1 2%, Vit A 1 2%, Vit B Complex 1 2%, Zinc 7 3%, Vit K 7 3%, Curcuma 8 5% Significant factors associated with death: pneumonia, cough, hypertension, O2 saturation Hb, erythrocyte, Vit A, milos and IVFD The end of the multiple logistic regression model only pneumonia and IVFD were significant Detail final research for pneumonia p value 0 001, Odd Ratio 33 904, 95% CI 3,965-299,906;IVFD p value 0 001 with OR 6 654, 95% CI 2 151-20 580 were contributed 50 5% (R2) while the remaining factors are not examined Conclusion pneumonia was influenced cause of death Covid-19 © 2021, Scientific Publishers of India All rights reserved
Introduction: Lymphatic malformations of abdomen include mesenteric, omental and retroperitoneal cysts. These are benign malformations with variable presentation. These malformations may present as abdominal distension, abdominal pain, features of intestinal obstruction and rarely acute abdomen. Ultrasonography, CT scan and MRI provide characteristics of malformations like size, composition and may at times help in determining the origin of the lesion. Surgical exploration confirms the diagnosis besides being therapeutic. The mesenteric and omental cysts are either enucleated or need bowel resection or sometimes, partial cyst excision with marsupliazation. Intraoperative injection of the sclerosing agent is an option in instances when excision is not possible or feasible. We analysed the clinical characteristics, management and follow-up of these cases in our study. Methods: We analysed 26 cases of abdominal lymphatic malformations. The data regarding epidemiological and clinical characteristics were reviewed and recorded. Operative record and imaging findings were noted. The long and short term results of the surgical treatment were analysed. Results: Twenty six cases (18 Male:8 Female) were included in this study. The most common presentation was chronic abdominal symptoms like pain, vomiting or distension. Three patients had antenatal diagnosis while eleven patients had symptoms three months before being diagnosed. The average age of presentation was 48.64 months. Twelve (46.15%) patients had solitary cyst. Fifteen (57.69%) patients had mesenteric cyst, 6(23.07%) had omental cyst and five (19.23%) patients had cyst extending to the retro peritoneum. Twelve patients underwent enucleation. Serous fluid was the content in ten (38.48%) patients. Two patients needed emergency surgery for intestinal obstruction. The average follow-up was 46 months. Two patients required re-exploration after initial incomplete resection. Overall recurrence rate was seen in four cases (15.38%). Conclusion: Lymphatic malformations of abdomen can have varied presentation. Ultrasonography and CT scan or MRI is useful diagnostic tools. Mesenteric cysts need resection anastomosis. Omental cysts are amenable to resection. Multi-loculated and retroperitoneal cyst may need partial excision or sclerotherapy. Long term outcome is excellent.
Background: Childhood obesity is a serious public health issues worldwide in the 21st century and the prevalence has been increasing in all countries. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school students in AL-Nasiriya city and their correlation with the eating habits, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted on 357 (177 girls and 180 boys) sample of pupils aged 6-12 years selected randomly from students who attended public primary schools during the period from1st of December 2018 to the end of May 2019 in AL-Nasiriya city. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was measured and used as indicator for overweight/obesity. Results: The overall prevalence of obesity and overweight among primary school children in ALNasiriya city was 28% (17.9% were obese and 10.1% were overweight). A significant positive association between excessive body weight and snacks No./day (p-value=0.004, odd ratio=3.112), and fruits intake (p-value=0.014, odd ratio=2.767) was found in this study. While, there was a significant negative association of student's BMI with the physical activities (p-value=0.049, odd ratio=0.566). Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is relatively high among primary school students in AL-Nasiriya city. Preventive approaches by the families and the schools should be considered. Keywords: Overweight,
Background: Prematurity is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among newborns. The incidence of preterm deliveries especially the late preterm births have unfortunately gone up in the last decade. Late preterm births are associated with increased neonatal complications compared to term births. This study makes an effort to find out the relevant maternal and fetal factors associated with late preterm births. This study also assesses the maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with late preterm births. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Maternal and Child Health Unit of Shri B M Patil Medical College Hospital Vijayapur, Karnataka over a period of 1 year. 200 late preterm births and 200 term births were enrolled in the study. During the study period, all neonates delivered in the hospital were divided into two groups as late preterm group and term group. Maternal and neonatal data was collected in predefined structured proforma. Results: The mother's mean age in the late preterm group was 24.34 ± 4.07 years, and among the term group was 25.24 ± 4.54 years, which was not statistically significant (P=0.857). The obstetric risk factors observed for late preterm births were inadequate antenatal care (39%), premature rupture of membranes (31%), hypertensive disease of pregnancy (24.5%), previous preterm delivery (21%), and maternal anemia (13%). When two or more factors were found, late preterm labor incidence was 32.6% in this study. 14.5% late preterm's needed resuscitation (P=0.003), 45% late preterm neonates had difficulty establishing feeding at birth (P<0.001), 34% late preterm’s had respiratory distress at birth (P<0.001), 12% had hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (Stage2/3) (0.003), 35% had early-onset sepsis (P<0.001), 28% had jaundice (P<0.001), 24% had hypoglycemia (P<0.001), 41% had hypothermia (P<0.001), 13.5% had HSPDA (P<0.006). The duration of hospital stay was significantly more in late preterm neonates (8.7 ± 1.6 days) as compared to term neonates (3.9 ± 1.1 days) with a pvalue of <0.05. Most important is the mortality, which was significantly more among late preterm neonates (18%) than term neonates (6%) with a p-value of 0.011. Conclusion: Maternal risk factors such as preterm premature rupture of membrane, inadequate antenatal care, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and maternal anemia were associated with late preterm births. Since late preterm birth is an independent risk factor for neonatal morbidity and mortality compared to term neonates, knowing maternal and perinatal risk factors is essential. Early identification and management of these risk factors reduces the neonatal morbidities and mortalities.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) affect mostly females. The infection and possible consequent ascent of bacteria is enhanced by various risk factors. Sex hormones regulate gene transcription implicated in immune cell development and maturation, in regulation of immune responses and immune signaling pathways. This study was designed to determine the relationship between UTI and some sex hormones and role of them in cytokines related to immune response in pre and post-menopausal women during bacterial infection. The study included 90 urine samples from females age (18-69) years: forty five were pre-menopause group subdivided into two groups includes (25 infected with UTI and 20 control subjects) , while others forty five post- menopause group includes (25 infected with UTI and 20 control subjects) were attending to clinic of urology at Salahaldeen hospital and private medical clinic in Tikrit City. Blood samples were collected from these women to determine the concentrations of sex hormones (Estrogen (E2), Progesterone)and cytokines includes (Interleukin10 (IL-10),Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β), Human β-Defensin 2 (HBD2) and Toll-Like Receptor4 (TLR-4) in those Sera, they assaying using ELISA technique assay . The positive isolates were selected for infected females of pre and post-menopausal. Fifty bacterial isolated were isolated from infected women with UTI, and the most frequently isolated microorganisms 27(54%) were Gram-negative bacteria; 15(60%) and 12(48%) pre and post-menopausal respectively, Followed by Gram-positive bacteria 23(46%) isolated; 10(40%) and 13(52%) pre and post-menopausal respectively. According to current research results of urine culture bacterial isolation, the most commonly isolated microorganisms were: Escherichia coli 15(30%) 8(32%), 7(28%) pre and post-menopausal respectively; and Enterobacter fecales in 10(20%) 5(20%), 5(20%) pre and post-menopausal respectively. The most effective antimicrobial agents were Amikacin, Gentamicin and Amoxicillin but the less effective were Ceftriaxone, Norfloxacin, and Nitrofurantoin. The results showed that the concentration of estrogen and progesterone hormones were higher in pre and post-menopausal without UTI (414.0 ± 34.2 pg/ml; 1.589 ± 0.460) pg/ml (406.1 ± 30.71 pg/ml; 1.894 ± 0.292) while decreased in pre and post-menopausal with UTI respectively; and decreased in the levels of IL-10, TGF-β, HBD2 and TLR-4 in a females with UTI pre and post-menopausal when compared without UTI females. The interaction between sex hormones and the incidence, progression and morbidity of UTI may be due to effective role of them at the levels of some cytokines like of IL-10, TGF-β, HBD2 and TLR-4. The ability of sex hormones to increase production of antimicrobial peptides, combined with the effect on epithelial integrity or distribution of proteins associated with cell-cell contact, to mention a few, place them as possible candidates for supportive treatment of UTI.
Objective: To assess the clinical presentation of COVID-19 among pediatric population in India. Methods: Study included children of age group (1 month to 14 years) with positive nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 done by RT-PCR presenting between 1st March 2020-31st May 2021. Their clinical and laboratory results data were analyzed. Results: 400 Children with median age of 7(1-14 years) were included. Of those 215 were asymptomatic, 127 had mild infection, 12 had moderate disease and 3 had severe disease. 43 children presented with signs of MIS-C. There was no mortality. Conclusion: Most of the COVID-19 affected children are asymptomatic. Among children with symptoms, very few have manifestations of severe disease.
Objective: Assess the newborn care practices such as cord care, baby bathing early breastfeeding and baby mother skin to skin contact (Kangaroo Mother Care KMC). Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study of 50 Nurses selected using universal sampling technique. Place and Duration of the study: Study was conducted in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, and data were collected from 25th Oct 2017 to 25 Jan 2018. Material and Methods: Adopted semi-structured questionnaire was used and also pretested in a pilot study at polyclinic hospitals in the female medical ward. Correlation coefficient was 0.76. Results: The determination concealed that years of experience have no significant impression (p>.05) on the level of knowledge of neonatal health nursing guardianship or that only 4 out of 50 nurses have followed practice level appropriately. Conclusion: Results reveal that the attitude of nurses has no significant effect (p>0.05) on practices of nurses in the management of neonatal life or newborn. To maximize the newborn survival policy adviser should be recommended some advanced courses for nurses to improve their level of knowledge leads to good practice in the care of study factor of eight danger sign of newborn health.
Objective: To study the Stretched Penile Length (SPL) and Testicular Volume (TV) in newborns and to analyze their correlation with various anthropometric parameters in newborns with gestational age between 32-42 completed weeks. Study Design: Descriptive study Settings: Tertiary care centre in Faridkot, Punjab, India. Participants: 800 newborns were studied within 72 hours of life. Methods: Stretched penile length was measured by Schonfeld’s Method and Testicular volume was measured by using Prader's orchidometer. The weight of the baby was measured using electronic baby weighing scale with resolution of 10 g. The supine length was measured with an infantometer with a resolution of 1 mm. Results: Mean SPL in preterm ( 37 weeks) group it was 30.20 ± 3.30 mm (95% CI=29.98-30.43), whereas the Mean TV in preterm group was 0.64 ± 0.18 mm (95% CI=0.63-0.65) and in term group was 0.86 ± 0.16 mm (95% CI=0.84-0.87). There was a strong positive correlation of Mean SPL and Mean TV with various anthropometric parameters. Conclusion: This study is an attempt to set normative data of SPL and TV according to gestational age. We have concluded that a SPL of <22 mm in term newborns and <16 mm in preterm newborns can be considered as micropenis and mean SPL and TV correlates with anthropometric measurements.
Lowe syndrome is a rare X-linked disease characterized by the classic triad of congenital cataracts, intellectual disabilities, and renal tubular dysfunction. We reported four patients among three families diagnosed with Lowe syndrome at Changhua Christian Children’s Hospital in Taiwan. Age at molecular diagnosis varied between 0.5 and 2.5 years. Three novel mutations (c.1853-1854insA, c.23092312delATTG, and c.1501A>T) found in our study were located in different exons. No particular hotspots were found among cases reported in Taiwan. All patients presented with a complete oculocerebrorenal phenotype with decelerated growth after infancy, congenital cataract and hypotonia, psychomotor delay and behavioral problems. However, a higher prevalence of hypercalciuria, potassium and phosphate wasting was observed. All patients developed renal insufficiency and progressive rickets, ended up with multiple fractures since early childhood and kyphoscoliosis before adolescence. Renal biopsy was performed in all patients at the time of diagnosis, which offered valuable information: Atrophic or dilated tubules was the earliest sign noted in all patients whereas interstitial fibrosis occurred later in the elder children. Swollen mitochondria with abnormal cristae were also seen in 75% of the patients, indicating that pleiotropy in Lowe syndrome can be a result of not only single enzymopathy but also secondary mitochondrial dysfunction. Overall, in our study and literature review, individuals in Taiwan are prone to more severe tubulopathy and thus, a shorter stature (height: −6.1 to −8.7 standard deviation) with worsen bone health, limited activities, and poor quality of life.
Objective: Prospective observational analysis of all children admitted with scorpion sting and identifying acute myocarditis in these children. Methods: All children admitted at Pediatric ICU in the period between Jan 2018– Dec 2019 with scorpion sting were included in the study after taking informed consent from parents. History noted in detail. They were evaluated with complete hemogram, serum electrolytes, urea, creatinine, cardiac markers (CPKMB, Troponin-T), Electrocardiography (ECG), X-ray chest and 2D echocardiography. Data of Children who developed cardiovascular complications, positive cardiac markers and positive ECHO findings were studied. Children were managed as per the standard treatment protocol. Results: During the study period from Jan 2018–Dec 2019 total 61 children were admitted with scorpion sting. Forty five were male and 16 were female, mean age 6.9 ± 3.9 years. Among 61 cases, 21 (34.4%) of them developed myocarditis. In children with myocarditis Troponin-T was positive in 16 (76.2%) children, CPK–MB high in all (100%) the patients, mean CPK MB found to be 55.05 ± 4.52, ECG changes in four patients (19.04%) and X-ray chest changes in 7 (33.3%) cases. All these 21 cases showed varied abnormal ECHO findings. Ten (47.6%) patients required inotropes. Four children (19%) were on mechanical ventilation support. Twenty (98.36%) patients improved, 1(4.8%) patient had mortality. Repeat ECHO was done in all these cases before discharge which showed return of normal cardiac function. Conclusion: Scorpion venom can have a potent cardiotoxic effect. Hence ECG, cardiac markers and echocardiography must be included in all cases with scorpion sting which helps in early diagnosis and treatment of acute cardiac complications.
Therefore, the reliability and validity of these measurements are of great importance.. Almost all the work has been done outside India and it is only recently that two major studies have been done in two centres in India so as to furnish nomograms for echocardiographic parameters in children in India. In the last four decades there has been much improvement in the echocardiographic equipment, that yields direct digital measurements and better two dimensional resolution for accurate placement of the M- mode beam Echocardiography is a leading technology for evaluating cardiovascular structure and function in children. As a result, life-altering decisions are constantly made on the basis of quantitative echocardiographic measurements issued by major cardiology organizations to guide the clinical application of echocardiography as when assessing the effects of medical therapy on the severity of valvular regurgitation and on ventricular compensation and function ; assessing patients with known cardiac defects to determine the timing of medical or surgical therapy; assessing and treating suspected cardiomyopathy, heart failure,; screening patients with genetically transmitted cardiovascular disease, such as cardiomyopathy etc; conducting baseline evaluation and re-evaluation of patients receiving cardiotoxic chemotherapy; monitoring patients with suspected or documented Kawasaki disease, myopericarditis, rheumatic fever etc.
Objectives: To study the adhesions prevalence in the abdominal cavity and to determine the possibilities of surgical treatment of Late Adhesive Intestinal Obstruction (LAIO) in children. Materials and Methods: 73 children were operated on for LAIO. 35 children were in a comparison group (comprehensive treatment by traditional methods) and 38 children were in the main group. In the main group was used an anti-adhesive solution which containing sodium hyaluronate and decamethoxin to prevent recurrence of Adhesive Intestinal Obstruction (AIO). The following surgical interventions were performed: Adhesiolysis, adhesiolysis and resection of the small intestine, adhesiolysis and making of the ileostomy, elimination of the cause without total adhesiolysis, elimination of the cause without total adhesiolysis and with resection of the small intestine, elimination of the cause without total adhesiolysis and with making of ileostomy. The Adhesion Process (AP) in the abdominal cavity was evaluated by the type of adhesions and their projection on the anterior abdominal wall. Results: The most common causes of LAIO were adhesive conglomerates (32.88%), moorings (23.28%) and visceral-visceral adhesions (21.92%) in lesser extent visceral-parietal and omentalvisceral adhesions, accordingly 10.96% and 10.96%. In main group recurrent AIO was seen in 3 of 38 children (7.89%) and resolved conservatively. In comparison group recurrent AIO occurred in 7 of 35 children (20%). In comparison group, 4 of 7 children required relaparotomy. The method of cause eliminating was used at AIO without total adhesiolysis using sodium hyaluronate for the operated children. When children were observed between 1 and 7 years, recurrence of AIO was in 1 patient who resolved conservatively. Conclusion: Mesothelium damaging leads to the emergence of the primary AP of the abdominal cavity with spreading to the surrounding structures and projection on the areas of the anterior abdominal wall. In operations for LAIO in children, it is advisable to use the operation of the cause eliminating (separation or resection of the conglomerates, cutting of the mooring) without total adhesiolysis in combination with intraoperative use of sodium hyaluronate solution with decamethoxine. Keywords Late Adhesion Intestinal Obstruction (LAIO), Children.
Background: Migraine is a common disorder with well-known association to structural brain changes. In the current study, we aim to identify the relation between structural brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) changes and the migraine type as well their relation to the patient’s age. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Iraq from July 2020 to January 2021, on 200 patients with migraine headache, of two age groups (100 patients of less than 18 years and 100 patients of 18-55 years). All the participants had MRI of the brain; the patient’s information and the MRI records were then studied. Results: Patients under age of 18 years (Group 1),were 43 male (43%), 57 female (57%), age range is 3-18 years old, the mean age is 10.36 ± 3.62 years,19 patients (19%) were having positive MRI findings and 17 patients (17%) were having Migraine with Aura (MA). On the other hand, the patients of 18 years old or more (Group 2) were 37 male (37%) and 63 (63%) female, their age range is 19-55 years, mean age is 35 ± 9.97 years, of them 32 patients (32%) have positive MRI findings and 21 patients(21%) had MA. The positive MRI findings, in form of White Matter Hyper Intensities (WMHI), were noted in 51 patients of the total 200 patients (25.5%) include 32% in group 2 and 19% in group 1, total number of WMHI were 120, of them 91 (75.8%) supratentorial and 29 (24.2%) infratentorial. The average No. of WMHI found to be significantly higher in group 2, compared to group 1 (1.9 vs. 2.5 per positive case respectively). The presence of positive MRI changes among MA is shown to be significantly high (p value=0.00), compared to the patients who don’t have an aura (65.8% vs. 16%), with an odds ratio of 10.0 (at 95% confidence interval), likewise this difference is clearly noted if each age were analyzed separately. Conclusion: Structural brain changes in form of WMHI are common MRI findings in the migraineurs patients, and it seems to be strongly associated with aura.
Background: A novel coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) discovered in China in December 2019 that has led to an unprecedented global pandemic. It causes coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), a respiratory illness with symptoms ranging from mild to severe with possible progression to pneumonia, multiple organ failure and even to death. Objectives: • To investigate the risk factors associated with COVID - 9 infections. • To investigate the occurrence and percentage of olfactory dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 infection. • To investigate the relationship between ABO and Rh blood groups and covid-19 infection. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 400 persons presenting with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19. These persons were admitted to Al Rabee hospital during a period from 1st June to 1st December 2020. ABO and Rh (D) blood groups test and covid-19 test were performed to all patients and control. COVID-19 test was confirmed by VIDAS methods. This study included 200 COVID-19 positive patients and 200 COVID-19 negative persons used as control. Results: Patients age ranged from 1 year to 80 years (mean age 54 years); the highest frequency of COVID-19 occurred in the age group (61-70) years. There were 120 (60%) males and 80 (40%) females with a ratio of 1.5:1. The most diffused risk factors associated with COVID-19 infection were older age, male sex and major comorbidities including (hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic respiratory disease, obesity, smoking, chronic kidney disease, cancer, liver disease and malnutrition) 77% of patients reported olfactory dysfunction. The ABO blood group in 200 normal persons showed a distribution of 31%, 16%, 8% and 45% for A, B, AB and O, respectively vs. the ABO blood group in 200 COVID?19 positive patients showed a distribution of 46%, 18%, 9% and 27% for A, B, AB and O, respectively. ABO blood group was found to be significantly associated with COVID?19 status (P=0.001). The proportion of blood group A and O in COVID-19 patients were significantly higher and lower respectively than that in normal people (both P=0.001). No significant association was found between Rhesus negative (Rh-) blood group and occurrence of COVID-19 in present study. Conclusion: Our data found that the risk factors associated with COVID-19 infection were older age, male sex and comorbidities. And the risk of COVID-19 is higher with blood group A persons and lower with blood group O. Rhesus negative (Rh-) blood group associated with lower risk of COVID-19 illness.
Background: The most important autoimmune disease which affects children is Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). The main risk factor for this chronic condition is genetic that contributed to loci within the HLA complex. Even, the environmental issues triggering the disease are still unclear so this study aimed to identify the most important risk factors related to type 1 diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 50 confirmed diabetic children and adolescents visiting AL-Hussainy hospital in Karbala. Time of data collection continuous for two month i.e. July and August 2019. After consenting for voluntary participation in the study, parents were answering a special questionnaire containing demographic and risk factors data. Results: The age range of participate diabetic children was (18 months-17 years), around 70% of patients have never had a family history of diabetes and only 32% mentioned having thyroid diseases among their relatives. Analysis of the related maternal risk factors was showing the majority (84%) was drinking tea during pregnancy; no one had a smoking history. Only 6% diagnosed with gestational diabetes and 3% were treated with insulin. Regarding factors associated with the neonatal period, all children were delivered in the hospitals and 68% of these deliveries were normal and more than half 54% had no disease during their neonatal life. Most of the participant children (80%) continued their breastfeeding for more than 6 months. Conclusion: there are a lot of environmental risk factors related to pregnancy, neonatal period, and early childhood widely distributed among patients with type 1 DM and may have their role in causing diabetes among those patients.
The predisposition determines the attitudes that people have to face the circumstances; in this research, a comprehensive approach is made to the attitudes of young people infected by COVID-19 to preserve their affective states; during and after the infection, there is an alteration of the experiences with the family members of the home, with the couple and with the family that is living in another place, which confronts the young person to resolve this situation. To carry out the research, we worked with four male and four female participants and three doctors who treated COVID-19, who with their testimonies, helped to understand the subject better. The semi-structured in-depth interview was used, and software and discourse content analysis were used for processing. The results show attitudes of resignation to the acceptance of death, compliance with the measures of social isolation, rationalization of death as a good act use of biosafety equipment, show feelings of helplessness in the face of calamity. Intake of infusions and preventive medications; in couple relationships, they show an attitude of trust; communication is carried out by telephone. Young people have savings for emergencies, in cases of death, they perform religious rituals, among their priorities is their family; household members have returned to work; in cases where deaths have been registered. There was emotional and economic dependence on the deceased; they receive emotional support from significant others, and there is economic and moral solidarity.
Periodontal disease and lung disease have many shared risk factors including: oral inflammation, genetics, smoking, and ageing. A more specific relationship outside of these risk factors has not yet been identified. Data collected from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) was analyzed to identify if a relationship exists between periodontal disease and lung disease. Of the 10,000 KNHANES participants, 5,251 cases completed an oral examination and all pulmonary function tests and these cases were selected for analysis. The KNHANES data analysis identified relationships between the oral healthcare maintenance practices and pulmonary function and subjective oral health, lung dysfunction, and higher decayed, missing, and filled-teeth (DMFT) index. The incidence of periodontal disease was 1.313 times higher in subjects classified with obstructive ventilation disorder. Future longitudinal studies are necessary to establish a clear correlation between periodontal disease and lung disease, but the conclusions drawn from the present study suggests a relationship is present between the development of periodontal disease and lung disease.
Background. This report aims to discuss the mechanism of pleural and pericardial effusion related to mifamurtide which is an immunological agent used as adjuvant chemotherapy in osteosarcoma. Case. Mifamurtide (2 mg/m2) and European and American Osteosarcoma Studies (EURAMOS) protocol were used together intravenously after complete surgical resection. No side effects occurred except for fever after the first dose. However, pleural, pericardial effusion, and splenic nodule formation began 11 months after discontinuation of mifamurtide treatment. Pleural biopsy revealed a type 4 hypersensitivity reaction. We treated the patient with 1,5 mg per day colchicine. Pericardial effusion attacks and nodules in the spleen disappeared. The patient had a mild pleural effusion attack which has not yet repeated. Conclusion. Mifamurtide, which activates macrophages, can also activate immunity with a stand by effect and cause a hypersensitivity reaction.
Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a critical intestinal emergency condition, which mainly occurs in preterm low birth weight infants. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most devastating gastrointestinal disease in neonates. The pathogenesis of NEC is not well defined but evidence strongly suggests that it is multifactorial. Prematurity and enteral feeding are major risk factors for NEC. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine whether DHA is effective in the prevention or reducing severity of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm/low birth weight neonates. Patients and Methods: We conducted an interventional two armed double blinded randomized control trial during the period from September 2017 to August 2020 in our tertiary level NICU. Our study recruited 80 neonates, they were divided blindly in to two groups (40 each) where; one group was labelled by yellow card and the other by red card. One color was assigned to receive DHA and the other receive the placebo;where their information were kept hidden and unknown till results of lab was received. The nurses were not informed by the type of the medication they give to patients. Results: Our results showed a significant increase in the length of the neonates received DHA than those who received placebo (P=0.000). Additionally, although all other arthropometric measurements have been significantly increased in neonates of DHA at the follow-up evaluation, it was of no significant value when compared with the neonates of the opposite group. As regards the incidence of feeding intolerance, our results demonstrated a significant statistical improvement among neonates of DHA group; regarding abdominal girth, intestinal sound, gastric residual, passage of stool and modified NEC BELL?S criteria (P < 0.05). It was of most important to monitor the effect of DHA On sepsis and clinical laboratory including CBC. SNAP score for evaluation of sepsis was evaluated initially and 10 days later for both groups where, it increased from 9.6 to 19.2 among patients of group B and decreased from 14.4 to 8.3 among neonates of group A (P
Background: Severe acute malnourished children are prone to deranged pathophysiology. Their haematological profile affected mild to severe degree. Our study was done to observe the haematological profile of severe acute malnourished children admitted at P.B.M. Hospital Bikaner, Rajasthan. Material And Methods: This prospective observational study was designed for severe acute malnourished 178 children. Duration of this study was one year from 01.01.2013 to 31.12.2013. This study was done in special concern of haematological profile of severe acute malnourished children. Results: Our study showed that oedematous malnourished children had anaemia more common than non-oedematous malnourished children.Microcytic hypochromic anaemia and dimorphic anaemia were more common in non- oedematous and oedematous malnourished children. Conclusion: We concluded that Microcytic hypochromic anaemia and dimorphic anaemia is common in severe acute malnourished children. So, our primary target should be prevent malnourishment and secondary should be early diagnosis and management of sequelae by proper monitoring to avoid complications.
