This study employed the interview technique, focus group discussion and non-participant observation to attempt an assessment of the nexus between the pattern of management of adhoc electoral staff and election violence in Rivers State of Nigeria from 1999 – 2015 under the guidance of four hypotheses. The study was validated using the conventional means of discussion and consultation with the project supervisors and experts in election studies. The Test-retest method was used to establish the reliability of the instruments employed for the study within which percentile ratings and chi-square were employed for data analysis. The study found that the pattern of management of adhoc electoral staff contributed to the rise in the level of election violence within the state under review given that lack of transparency in recruitment, inadequate training, inadequate remuneration and absence of disciplinary measures for erring adhoc electoral staff were of primary significance in election fraud and attendant violence. The study also found that the process of recruitment of adhoc staff was rarely transparent. The study recommends that the government needs to evolve a reliable process of adhoc staff recruitment while providing for adequate training and remuneration in future elections.
Andre Gide, ecrivain francais de la premiere moitie du 20 e siecle, attache toujours une importance a la morale, a la nature et au destin de l’homme avec un gout de modernite. Il a tendance a decrire la confrontation de la liberte de l’individu et de la moralite dans ses oeuvres. Dans La Porte etroite , Andre Gide manifeste vivement son opinion sur l’equilibre entre la morale et la liberte du soi en nous decrivant une histoire d’amour tragique d’Alissa, une jeune fille qui s’oblige a se perfectionner et qui cherche toujours une saintete puriste en debarrassant de tout desir. En effet, l’amour d’Alissa nous egalement donne matiere a reflexion sur la morale et le Desir du soi dans la vie moderne. Et comment equilibrer la moralite et la liberte ? C’est toujours un probleme pour l’homme.
The study investigated dietary practices in Bomo clan, Southern Ijaw Local Government Area, Bayelsa State. To set the tone for the study, cross-sectional design was adopted. Also,both probability (simple random) and non-probability (purposive) sampling techniques were used to select four (4) communities in Bomoclane. With an estimated proportion of 0.1, Cochran statistics revealed a sample size of one hundred and thirty-eight (138). However, data were retrieved from 113 (81.9) of pregnant and lactating women. Furthermore, the study adopted triangulation method for data collection. For instrument reliability, Cronbach Alpha was set at 0.7. Data collected using structured questionnaire were analyzed with simple percentage and Chi-Square. The analysis was done with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. The study revealed that aroma, aroused the appetite for food intake among pregnant and lactating women, pregnant women had preference for food prepared by some one else, income level of respondents influenced dietary behaviour among others. Therefore, the study recommended thatthe Federal Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs Disaster Management and Social Development should provide an economic buffer that will assist pregnant and lactating women in meeting their dietary needs and etc.
Systematically understanding the global characteristics of green technology innovation research and studying the hotspots and trends of international green technology innovation research can provide beneficial directional references for subsequent scholars’ research. Papers on green technology innovation published in the core database of Web of Science from 2007 to 2021 were selected as the research objects. Knowledge map analysis method and CiteSpace software were used for visual analysis, and the trend of published papers,research countries and institutions, authors and keywords of green technology innovation research was summarized. It is found that the research on green technology innovation is on the rise and is the focus of most scholars at present; The publication of papers mainly comes from China, and universities are the main force of research; The research is mainly gathered in technological innovation, environmental regulation and sustainable development, which has very important theoretical value and reference significance for the development of green technology innovation.
Taking automobile advertisements as example and based on a self-established corpus, this paper conducts an English-Chinese contrastive study on representation types of multimodal metaphor. We find that English-Chinese representation types of multimodal metaphor show some similarities as well as differences, which may be closely related to the cognitive continuity and cultural diversity. The contrastive study testifies and enriches the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and facilitates the further development of advertising creativity approaches.
is one of the most important parts of a scientific and technological paper, and also a high degree of generalization and concentration of a scientific and technological paper. Abstract plays a key role in whether a paper can be accepted by journals, cited or read by readers or not. At the same time, the proper writing of English abstract is also conducive to the paper and exchange of scientific research results. Therefore, authors of papers should follow the writing norms of English abstract, but some authors have some shortcomings in English abstract writing. This paper analyzes the types of English abstracts of scientific and technological papers, the contents that should be included in the abstracts, the writing skills such as tense voice and the principle of choosing key words, so as to avoid more mistakes in structure, tense and voice and improve the quality of the papers.
Mass Communication as a field of discipline has undergone several evolutions from one stage to the other in the course of its existence. One reason is because different fields have been incorporated into Mass Communication to make it a coherent field of study. Such fields include mechanics, electronics, mathematics, economics, psychology, sociology, just to mention a few. Whatever evolutions that have transpired in these fields have had great impact on Mass Communication. From the early 1900s, the rise of Mass Communication followed a pattern of industrial revolution following every subsequent revolution in media technology. The media were among the many technologies that shaped the world and were shaped by other as well.. From the oral tradition, the print, the rise of the electronic media and ultimately to the digital-networked communication, Mass Communication has undergone changes from diverse paradigms. The field of Mass Communication is an ever-changing field with notable changes taking place almost on a daily basis. In this paper, we focus on a number of economic factors that shaped, (and still continue to shape) the epochs and annals of Mass Communication in Nigeria. This paper identifies the political climate, advertising, news commercialization, and entertainment as some of the identifiable socio-economic factors.
Le developpement ne s’improvise pas. Il n’est non plus l’aboutissement heureux d’un ensemble de pas hasardeux. C’est un tout harmonieux qui se construit, dont la fondation est l’education. Celle-ci vise a donner les competences pour repondre a ses besoins. Pourtant, le systeme educatif herite de la France n’a pas permis aux pays francophones d’Afrique subsaharienne de se developper. Il convient alors que ces Etats se bâtissent un systeme tenant compte de leurs valeurs, leurs aspirations et l’environnement dans lequel evoluent leurs populations. D’ou la proposition d’un systeme educatif eclectique alliant les points forts des systemes traditionnel africain et occidental. Il permettra a ces pays a vocation agricole de prendre leur essor en 2050.
Over time Clash of Identities in Kaduna North-west Nigeria often manifest into ethno-religious conflict in the state. This paper examines however the nexus between politics, ethno-religious and sharp identity question that formed the basis of ethno-religious conflict in the area. These however, affect sustainable development in Kaduna state. Historically, this conflict has played itself out in the contest for space, resources and access to power between different communities in the state; it also accesses how state failure and elite competition for power and resources in a multi-ethnic nation causes ethno-religious conflict and sharp identity question in Kaduna state. The paper adopts Human Needs theory. This theory explicates the reason to meet basic needs of man and if these needs are not met, conflict is likely to occur. The paper also adopts qualitative methods of data collection; this is drawn from both primary and secondary sources of data. It utilizes instrument of in-depth interviews with the key actors, community leaders and religious leaders. It is the finding of the paper that politics of identity and ethno-religious conflict have been the fundamental issue that poses security challenges to Nigeria. These challenges have taken the form of bombing, injury; killing and kidnapping that threatened Nigeria national security. The study recommends that government; ethno-regional and religious groups should adopt preventive diplomacy and dialogue to attaining cohesion and symbiotic relationship.
Economic relations are important parts of the relations between Russia and the European Union（EU）, which is of great strategic importance. The Ukrainian crisis of 2014 brought new uncertainty to Europe, and relations between Russia and EU suffered. Due to the escalation of EU sanctions against Russia recently, Russia-EU relations have once again become deadlocked. But Within the framework of the current European Union, opinions on the development of relations with Russia are not absolutely uniform. This article deeply analyzes the factors of geo-security, the factors of energy cooperation and the factors of the United States affecting economic relations in response to the current needs for the development of relations between Russia and the European Union.
Controlling religious gathering during the time of rapid spread of COVID-19 pandemic becomes a serious problem faced by governments at all levels. In fact, all other areas of human endeavor where large gatherings could take place in Nigeria such as club houses, beer parlors, ceremonial gatherings, schools and institutions, market places including kiosks and shops, airports and motor parks, commercial and other money-deposit banks, private and public offices, etcetera were kept under perfect control by government except the religious centers. The global trend of COVID-19 pandemic has become more worrisome as the incidence keeps increasing every day. Curtailing its spread among the human race should be a responsibility to be performed by every individual not only in Nigeria but also in the whole world. However, the influence of religious organizations can never be overlooked in dealing with societal attitude towards curtailing the outbreak of the pandemic. Therefore, the data used for this study were sourced via an online survey designed from Google account with a link. Having expunged incomplete information from the responses received, two thousand, three hundred and sixty useful ones were analyzed using R software. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentages and graphics were employed alongside chi-squared test as statistical tools. Empirically, results reveal that it’s the responsibility of everyone to encourage curtailing the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. Also, it’s established that religious followers do not fear the pandemic; they only obeyed government’s lock-down directive. Though majority of the citizens (84%) consider this policy as punishment, people prefer worshipping their God (gods) at home, if possible from home while engaging with their daily commercial activities. Hence, the study also reveals that most of the religious teachings during the pandemic were meant to publicly sensitize citizens about how dangerous COVID-19 is. This was supported by approximately 73% of the respondents. We therefore recommend that representatives of religious leaders and organizations should be involved during policy formulation, especially health-related policies as evidenced from the study.
Multimodal metaphor analysis breaks the boundaries between the literal words and the other modes and has them combined to get better utterance interpretation. It successfully takes metaphorical language use into consideration. Multimodal metaphorical language use analysis is positioned as the most effective approach to figure out the underlying meanings. Taking all the related influencing factors or modes into consideration, this paper formulates a framework to analyze the metaphorical language use in Talk Show performance. It shows the great importance of finding out the interrelated connections among images, gestures, and language itself. Multimodal metaphorical language use shows its priority by laying a powerful foundation for more precise utterance interpretation.
Oliver Twist , a realistic novel produced by Dickens in his early time, has received lots of affection since it came out. This novel also maintains its popularity since it has been adapted into various versions of film and drama. The setting of the work was in Victorian London, a rapidly developing period with many social ills. To figure out the connection between literary creation and the work’s social background, the paper aims at analyzing Oliver Twist ’s reality from the perspective of sociohistorical criticism which is always used in analyzing realistic works and still of great influence in today’s criticism. The paper pays much attention to make an analysis on the reality of the novel’s background and characters.
During the period from the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, some Chinese scholars began to translate western science and culture. Li Zhizao, an excellent Chinese scientist, not only introduced a lot about western religion to the Chinese people, but also translated a great deal of western scientific knowledge. He committed himself to the introduction of western science and translation of western books, greatly promoting the advance of science in China. This paper first reviews the previous studies on scientific translation during the period from the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, and the previous studies on Li Zhizao, then holds that: (1) the previous studies mainly focus on the contribution of Li Zhizao as a scholar or translator in general, rather than his specific translation activities and his translation contribution to the Chinese science development; (2) the previous studies are relatively scattered and need to go deeper. Therefore, a systematic and in-depth study of Li Zhizao’s translation needs to be made.
Objective To investigate the residents’ requirement for health information in a library of medical university and its influencing factors to provide suggestions for health information service and activities to popularize scientific knowledge. Methods Convenience sampling method was used in the study to select some residents in 2 communities of ShaPingba for a face-to-face questionnaire survey. χ 2 test and logistic regression were used to analysis data by SPSS v25.0 software. Results Among the 317 residents, the contents of health information that individuals preferred included 70.7% for disease prevention and health care,81.1% for disease preservation and rehabilitation,37.2% for diagnosis and treatment of disease,6.6% for medical policies and regulations,5.4% for drugs information,5.0% for preclinical medicine. The way of health information that persons preferred contained 16.4% for newspaper and journals reading services,22.1% for book loan services,69.4% for training and lecture services,45.8% for information inquiry service. Multivariate logistic regression results showed that age was a significant factor influencing the status of health information contents. Age and education were significant factors influencing the status of health information ways. Conclusion Residents’ health information requirement is affected mainly by age and education. So it is essential to take the dominated influencing factors into consideration for spreading health information by various ways and channels when libraries prepare health information service and activities to popularize scientific knowledge, especially, more concerns should be put on practicability, maneuverability and accessibility of health information.
Competition can result in improved productivity, but it can also result in feelings of defeat in those who lose the competition. According to Balconi and Vanutelli (2016), competition involving interpersonal interactions implies a process of social comparison. Competition may produce multiple effects directly related to self-perception and the social significance of the competition. The present study compared staff employees in universities in Iran and the USA (150 respondents in each country) to determine whether organizational commitment, competitiveness and feelings of defeat are associated. Iranian and American employees did not differ in their mean scores on organizational commitment, competitiveness or feelings of defeat. In both countries, those scoring higher for competitiveness had lower scores for feelings of defeat. However, while scores for organizational commitment and competitiveness were positively ass
L’investissement dans le capital humain par le biais de l’education est un investissement a long terme consenti par l’Etat pour ameliorer le bien-etre de ses citoyens. En investissant dans l’education, leurs competences, leurs connaissances et leur experience dans les differents secteurs de l’economie va permet Le developpement du capital humain est donc une condition prealable a la croissance economique et au developpement et une condition necessaire et suffisante pour la reduction de la pauvrete au Niger. Malheureusement, les gouvernements nigeriens successifs ont continue a se vanter de la question des investissements dans l’education. Je suis d’avis que pauvrete est synonyme de sous-developpement. Par consequent, investir dans le capital humain est la meilleure strategie pour surmonter les problemes de developpement du pays, notamment la reduction de la pauvrete. Pour ce faire, il faudra mettre en place un systeme educatif efficace, dote de moyens financiers suffisants, bien equipe, axe sur la science et la technologie, dynamique et innovant.
In recent years, Chinese American science fiction shows the integration of science, literature and humanistic care into an organic whole. Chinese American science fiction writers combine the elements of science and technology with the realistic social problems in their works to expose the dilemmas between the development of science and technology and human society, thus the issues of artificial intelligence ethics, technological alienation and the rights and interests of the marginal group have gradually become the central concern in Chinese American science fictions. In essence, the focus of Chinese American science fiction writers transcends ethnic barriers and shows a kind of post-ethnic universal humanistic care, which has a positive and practical significance for building a new world order of harmony and fraternity.
As one of the earliest communist groups established in China before the founding of the Communist Party of China, the early organization of the Communist Party of Guangzhou assumed the political responsibility and historical mission of constructing the right to speak of Marxism, and played an important role in promoting the modernization and popularization of Marxism in China and the birth of the Communist Party of China.
The rapid development of the society puts higher and higher requirements on the English proficiency of graduate students, which also brings great pressure and challenges to the English teaching of graduate students. Compared with the English teaching at the undergraduate stage, the English learning of graduate students is more difficult and lacking in learning motivation. The wide application of information technology in the field of education has opened up a new perspective for the reform of postgraduate English teaching. Taking the postgraduate English reading and writing course as an example, this paper discusses the design of the intelligent teaching mode of postgraduate English course, which has practical significance for improving the teaching effects of postgraduate English course.
