Information technologies and systems have become a familiar, inevitable or vital part of business. Firms with a focus on information systems are trying to gather the information needed for decision-making at various levels of management. Their influence is very visible in the way a business is managed and operated. They offer not only relief and faster solutions to problems, but also quality and efficiency. This paper focuses on the implementation and impact of Building Information Modeling (BIM) on monitoring and controlling construction projects. It identifies the challenges and potentials of this technology in improving the performance of construction companies, emphasizing the need for fundamental changes in work processes to increase productivity. Additionally, a specific case illustrates the tools used for project management during the implementation of BIM. In conclusion, the study asserts that the full utilization of BIM requires significant changes in work processes to improve productivity and emphasizes that BIM is a key tool for achieving the goals of construction projects.
Émile Durkheim, one of the foundational thinkers of sociology, saw religion—not simply as belief—but as a matrix of rituals, practices, and sacred symbols which perform crucial social functions. In particular, rituals sustain collective consciousness, reinforce moral norms, create social cohesion, and bridge individual existence with the social order. This article examines how rituals and religious practices influence society from Durkheim's perspective, especially in contemporary, plural, intercultural settings. It then applies those ideas to examples drawn from intercultural or multiethnic communities in Romania (especially Hungarian and Turkish-Tartar minorities) to illustrate how rituals function in maintaining solidarity, identity, negotiation of difference, and the challenges that arise. Finally, the article considers what these insights suggest for policy, education, and future research in multiethnic societies.
The war in Kosovo, the final internal conflict of the Yugoslav Federation, captured the attention of Europe, particularly the United Kingdom. Parliamentary sessions extensively debated the war, with Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic as the central figure, assigning him primary responsibility for the crisis. The British government, led by Prime Minister Tony Blair, elevated the Kosovo events to a foreign policy priority, shifting its focus from Globalism to addressing the ethnic problem in Kosovo. Blair was among the first European politicians to publicly state in the House of Commons that Milosevic was carrying out ethnic cleansing. Despite close British-American cooperation, London viewed the conflict as a continental issue requiring a European resolution. While effectively a war criminal, British policy maintained that Milosevic should only be formally labeled a criminal following judgment by the Hague Tribunal. The significance of Milosevic’s treatment is evident in the government-opposition debates, which confronted differing evaluations of his actions. His ultimate decline is traced from his refusal to sign the Rambouillet Agreement. Attention was also given to the role of Russian diplomacy, which was initially praised under Boris Yeltsin for securing humanitarian intervention but later criticized for providing support to Serbia after the launch of NATO bombings. Slobodan Milosevic, the final major political figure of dictatorial Yugoslavia, received comprehensive analysis in British parliamentary talks.
My contribution to the present conference shall address in this topic: The problems arising from the application of the right to judgment within a reasonable time against the state of Albania. This work analyzes the conditions that should completed by the heir unable to work, to be considered or not subject to Article 5,6 of the Convention. The reason for the selection of this topic, this topic was born following the decisions of the Strasbourg court in the incorrect application by the Albanian courts of Article 5 of the European Convention on Human Rights The research work is directed to the study of doctrine, legislation and analysis of case law for cases with the same object, where are identified about cases/decisions, the conclusions of which are discussed below. The first part focuses on the normative-legal regulation of the protection of the right to trial within a reasonable time in Albanian legislation. The second part gives a concise overview of the trial of the case within a reasonable time. The jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, the procedural moments where the institute is selected, the evolution with the changes of the civil procedure code and the practical cases judged by this court. The third part deals with the comparative analysis between practical cases. Violation of the principle of trial within a period in the case of Laçej and others against Albania, request no. 22122/08 In the Zeqo and Seat SHPC case against Albania, requests no. 61445/12, the Mulla v. Albania case, request no. 72348/11, the Mulla v. Albania case, request no. 72348/11, etc. Conclusions Changes to the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) in 2017 brought important changes to increase citizens' access to justice, providing reasonable deadlines for trial and mandatory execution, this analyzes the practical implementation of the changes undertaken, within the reform in law, in connection with the Code of Civil Procedure In the framework of the Reform in Justice, the KPC provided that the reasonable time for the completion of the process for the civil trial at each of the three levels of trial (court of first instance, court of appeal and high ) is two years. However, the legal regulations are numerous and continue to be problematic for the review of the non-trial within a reasonable time, including the trial of the appeal in the Supreme Court, as well as the lack of effective means of appeal in this regard, ECHR. unjustifiable is also the violation of the principle of trial within a reasonable time, for the review of the non-execution of the final court decision, the violation of the effective means of appeal and the right to property in the procedural aspect, the ECHR assesses that the delay in the execution of the court's decision is unjustifiable and contradicts Article 6 of the ECHR.
The European Union system is characterized by the presence of the European Ombudsman (also known as the Ombudsman), a special figure, strengthened over time, which translates the will to prepare an ever wider protection of the rights recognized by European Union law, not only for European citizens, but also for residents of a member state, whether natural or legal persons. On 1 October 2013 Emily O'Reilly[1] took up the first position at the European Ombudsman and continued the path started by her predecessors in order to support the EU institutions to become more effective, transparent and accountable. This statement of purpose it is based on the binding legal value obtained from the Charter of Fundamental Rights with the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon. As far as it is important for our purposes, the extension of the right to good administration in the activities of the European institutions is being strengthened.
The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) in Article 218 includes all the institutions involved in the legislative decision-making of the Union, the Court of Justice and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (HR). The article deals with all the different stages of the life of an international agreement – i.e. negotiations, signature, conclusion, some aspects of implementation, together with the suspension of treaty obligations undertaken by Europe. Article 218 TFEU sets out the general procedure that the European Union (EU) must follow when concluding international agreements with third countries and international organizations and will apply to all EU policies, while still maintaining an intergovernmental approach to the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). The EU's primary law, profoundly revised by the Treaty of Lisbon, reflects the EU's increasingly important and widespread activity as a treaty-maker. Article 218 TFEU makes an effort to promote and support a more transparent and democratic behavior of the EU's international relations, already providing important powers for the European Parliament in determining treaty instruments adopted by Europe.
The study examines current left-wing and right-wing political behaviour and inclusionary and exclusionary practices in MENA, Latin America, and Europe and its outcomes on political developments and changes in comparative method. This study investigates the evolution and transition of contemporary rightism and leftism in these dissimilar Regions and the diverse degrees of inclusionary and inclusionary populism features of the political parties. First, it questions political conditions, behavioralism, and transitions of populism. Second, in which forms of inclusions and exclusions populism arrive on the political scene. Thus, the focus is on the latest decade from the cross-continental and cross-regional perspective. Although there is scholarly debate about contemporary populism in the European Continent (in general) and, lately, some in Latin America and MENA (Middle East and North Africa), cross-continental and regional research is lacking.
I argue that critical thinking is based on active learning, engaged independent thinking, and examining all information including recently impactful ChatGPT and other AI sources. Thoughtfully questioning what is being learned as well as critically and creatively analyzing and evaluating information such as AI is necessary to gain a deeper understanding as an effective thinker. Critical thinking pedagogy should also promote “portability” and citizenship, including information-based online multimedia literacy such as AI, as well as employment and professional information. This means becoming a critical thinker inside and outside the classroom and take what is learned into our personal, public, and professional lives. The article begins with an examination of four discrepancies or issues related to critical thinking in higher education. The critical thinking literature and Kenedy’s Model of Cyclical Critical Thinking will then be considered. This will be followed by the discussion and summary regarding suggested guidelines for critically evaluating AI. Finally, conclusions regarding further work including pedagogical models for teaching critical thinking in the era of AI and other future work are considered.
In Albania, the Council of Ministers adopted the OFL law in 2020 to strengthen the rule of law by enabling the sequestration and confiscation of assets from individuals suspected of serious crimes, including organized crime and terrorism. Although intended to complement existing laws like the Anti-Mafia law, the OFL law is characterized by its temporary nature and urgent enactment. Despite its survival of a constitutionality challenge affirmed by the Constitutional Court in 2022, criticisms persist regarding its infringement on constitutional rights such as the right to an effective appeal and equality before the law. The law allows for asset sequestration without the presence of the affected party and provides a formal right to appeal that lacks substantive judicial review, thereby raising concerns about the violation of property rights as per the Constitution of Albania. This article explores the implications of the OFL law on fundamental rights and legal processes.
Recognized as the area with the richest ethnic mosaic in Romania, Dobrogea can be a model of interculturality for the other geographical areas of the country, as there is a model of relationship that could be replicated in other regions where there is interethnic coexistence. As far as the communities in the south-eastern part of Romania are concerned, it should be noted that, over time, it has been noticed how most people associate the term "Dobrogea" with the label "seaside". It could be said that the overwhelming majority of tourists are more attracted by this idea (possibly 'delta'), 'beach', 'fun' than by getting to know the region, the local people, the history of this place, visiting cultural-historical sites. This is why Dobrogea remains for many Romanians "an unknown in their own home".
Due to technological evolution, migration, and the increasing interest in travel (business, service, health, or purely relaxing), the world is undergoing significant social, cultural, and linguistic changes. Although terms like "East," "West," and "Middle East" are still used, they have become simple "geographic" landmarks, as cultures and traditions increasingly interfere due to the formation of mixed societies. This article discusses how this "modern society"—which is forming new global cultures adapted and influenced by technology—is influenced by religious practices. It is a fact that society has been, is, and will be influenced by faith, as even the idea of unbelief is an expression of faith. Until recently, "interreligious dialogues" rarely mentioned the influence of practices, focusing instead on the clergy and representatives of religions and only discussing the Holy Books. The natural instinct to "defend" one's faith often led to quarrels or merely "tolerable endings." Crucially, the "representatives of beliefs" sometimes overlooked how ordinary people build bridges between beliefs through invitations to their practices. For instance, a Christian inviting their Muslim neighbour to the Christmas table, offering dishes while respecting the guest's "religious sacrifices," is a real example occurring globally today.
Employee turnover has become a key performance indicator for many organizations as they struggle to retain talented employees. The negative impact of turnover on organizational performance has continually forced organizational leaders to seek better ways of retaining valuable employees. The relationship between man and work has always attracted the attention of philosophers. A major part of men’s life is spent at work. Work is social reality and social expectation to which men seem to conform. It not only provides status to the individual but also binds him to the society. An employee who is satisfied with his job would perform his duties well and be committed to his job, and subsequently to his organization. This paper examines relationship among job satisfaction, organizational commitment and employees’ turnover intentions at Unilever Corporation in Nigeria. The data for this study was collected from 117 employees currently working at Unilever Nigeria PLC using the survey method via the questionnaire. Pearson Correlation and the multiple regression analysis techniques using the SPSS version 22.0 was used for the data analysis. The findings of the study revealed that both job satisfaction and organizational commitment have significant negative relationship with employee turnover intentions. In addition, organizational commitment was revealed to have a more dominant influence on employee turnover intentions than job satisfaction. Based on these findings, the implications, recommendations, practice, and theory were discussed.
Nowadays, the employees’ well-being has been an increasingly relevant andnecessary consideration in the workplace. However, little attention has beenpaid to the well-being of substitute educators in preschool. Working in earlychildhood education is stressful, and certain types of stress negatively affectphysical and mental health. The participants in this study are substituteeducators for early education in Taiwan. The substitute educators ofpreschools in the working environment are not stable and peaceful. Inaddition to engaging in the same teaching programs as the formal teachers,substitute teachers have to work for additional administrative assignments inschools. Furthermore, they were often viewed as the marginal role in theworkplace, enduring discrimination from the unfriendly organization. Theirworking environment is full of pressure, contradictions, and conflicts.Substitute teachers often endure negative emotions and need to suppresstheir true feelings. Thus, the aim of this research is to examine the relationshipamong preschool substitute teachers’ well-being (Y), job stress risk factors(X), and burnout (Mo). Data was collected from a survey of 102 substituteeducators at both public and private preschools in Taiwan. Among the sixstress risk factors, good control, managerial support, colleague support, roles,and change were positively related to well-being, while the other two factors,demand and unfriendly relationship have a negative impact on workplacewell-being. In addition, job burnout has a significant moderating effect on therelationship between job stress risk factor and well-being. Suggestions areprovided for substitute educators’ well-being improvement.
Some of the countries in the region have contributed through assistance programs to develop and align their democracies with what the EU itself lobbies. EU aid to CEE is seen as a phenomenon of EU-perceived responsibility in the interaction of new democracies in Central and Eastern Europe. This paper will create a genuine study of the perceived responsibility for the development of democracies in these countries. It paints a clear picture of the development of democracy and the need for CEE countries to be under EU assistance. The assistance coming from this institution has given and continues to contribute to developing a democracy with strong executive foundations for society and beneficial to the region. In this way, the EU manages to achieve its objectives of achieving a federal union. When we say federal union we mean a Europe with the same democratic values and executive standards.In this paper the EU's responsibility for the new democracies of Central and Eastern Europe is seen in activities with EU programs to enhance institutions above democratic values. Having access to the issues facing the democracies of Central and Eastern Europe, the Council Acquis provides an overview in the field of democracy. The paper gives us the opportunity to look more closely at democratic forces in countries where the latter is still developing, aiming not only at the analysis of democracy, but also at the analysis of the European common market. We will look at these two EU phenomena in the context of the EU's perceived responsibility for the interaction of new democracies in CEE. The EU has undertaken this responsibility in the context of strengthening, developing and maturing new democracies on the European Continent. Giving its contribution through various programs designed in the form of grants, which are given to countries that are in the process of maturation, in the form of programs that pave the way for development. The question that arises at this stage is: Does democracy help in a market economy?
During the monitoring of volleyball teams in Albania during training, it was noticed that coaches pay more attention to technical elements and not to physical abilities to ages 14-18 years. The aim of this study was to find out the trend of improvement and differences with the age on physical abilities of male’s volleyball players in Albania. Methods: Participants in this study were N=43 volleyball players from two age categories; N=21, cadet (14-16 yrs.), N= 22 and junior (16-18 yrs.) Measurement for anthropometrics (body weight, body height) and physical abilities (push up test, curl-up test, standing long jump and vertical jump test) were assessed. Results: Analysis between two age categories shows significant differences. Showed results for anthropometrics and also for physical abilities showed differences between groups of volleyball players. Data of this study for jumping performance using vertical jump CMJ test between groups for cadet vs. junior data show (mean difference= 21.3 cm; Sig= 0.004) while for vertical jump Run up test between groups for cadet vs. junior data show (mean difference= 22.3 cm; Sig= 0.003). Conclusion: In the best interest of the study, it would be good if other teams were involved from different cities of Albania. Suggestions for other studies we recommend in comparing data by positions in the field. Trainers should plan training with these age groups different coordination programs not only technical. This study has limitations with regards to the sampling number of male volleyball players, which is justified for not having sufficient funds.
Dreams are a universal phenomenon and tie all mankind together. They have inspired man throughout history from influencing religious mythologies to various scientific innovations. Dreams have also inspired various art works. They are the ultimate visual, spatial and temporal experience and, due to this attribute, dreams are identified with the act of watching movies. Likewise, architecture provides visual, spatial and temporal experience. There are striking similarities between the medium of films and dreams experience. Thus movies have produced the most satisfying imitations of Dream experiences. But even though the architecture also provides a visual, spatial, and temporal experience, the attempt to portray dream characteristics deliberately is rare to find. This paper aims to narrow the gap regarding the understanding of the state of consciousness while experiencing dreams, films, and architecture. Thus, narrowing the gap between the three disciplines. The study is primarily based on qualitative data analysis. The research makes use of discoveries in the field of neuroscience and elaborates on the existing findings. The research concludes that all three disciplines have a lot in common and certain attributes of each can be experienced in the other.
In the last two decades, incorrect posture has become significantly more widespread, particularly among school-aged children. According to various studies, scoliosis is one of the most prevalent incorrect postural types seen in school-aged children. The purpose of our study is to find out how common "Scoliosis" is among Albanian children. Methodology: About 308 kids aged 10 to 13 years (n = 151 girls, n = 157 boys) were randomly selected from Tirana public schools for this study. This group took part in a Posture Shape Examination (Anterior View), using Grid Chart Postural Analysis and the platform “Posture Screen Mobile®-PSM” (iPod). To provide exact information on their looks, children were photographed from the front (upright standing posture) wearing as little as possible. We analyzed the data statistically using "IBM SPSS Statistics 20," which included Descriptive and Frequency Analyze. Results: Our findings revealed that 34 individuals, or 11.03 % of the youngsters, had Scoliosis. This improper posture was more prevalent in 13-year-old youngsters (19.5%) than in children aged 10, 11, or 12. In comparison to females, boys were more impacted by scoliosis (12.7%) than girls (9.3%). The results reveal a minor difference in the degrees of postural displacement between boys (5.81850) and females (5.43610). Furthermore, postural displacement is greater in 13-year-old males (7.76500) and 12-year-old girls (6.14580). Conclusions and Recommendations: Based on the results of our study we conclude that incidents of anterior postural asymmetry occurred even in Albanian school-age children. Scoliosis, even why is detected more in boys, seems to be present in both genders. Based on these conclusions we recommend that parents, teachers, and children should be more informed about good posture and the problems that might arise from an incorrect posture. Further studies are important to be conducted in this field, in order to prevent the occurrence of these deviations and their aggravation in our young generation.
Nowadays, women involved in working life with the industrial revolutionprovide their labor as much as men and are affected by the risk factors in theworkplace as much as men. Women are more affected by the psycho-socialrisk factors because of gender roles and they are also more affect societybecause of important central role in the family. Psycho-social risks that is oneof the occupational health and safety risk factors affect employee attitude andperformance to work at least as much as the other risk factors. In this study,researchers aim that reveal awareness’s about psychosocial risk factors intheir workplace in metal industries in Turkey. In addition, negative attitudesof workers about occupational health and safety practices will be examinedwith attribution theories in social psychology. In this study, we usedqualitative method. Data were collected with focus group study at eightdifferent groups in two different days from woman member of Turkish MetalUnion in Bursa city in Turkey. Totally 155 employees participated in the focusgroups study. Job satisfaction, job stress, wellness, the relationship withcoworkers and managers were evaluated in this study. This study wassupported and funded (Project USIP (?) 2014/7) by the Scientific ResearchProjects Commission of Uludag University cooperated with Turkish MetalUnion. According to the obtained results, work stress emerges as an importantpsychosocial risk factor. In addition to, stress and lack of communication areimportant factors causing job dissatisfaction.
A great importance to a democratic society is the creation of legal literacy education on rule. Such a breeding seems to be primarily present in the consciousness of every citizen. The principles of a democratic state should be installed, first to society. These principles embodied in the individual consciousness in the form of legal and institutional consciousness. Moreover every man should know that c `demands of an institution, and should make it impossible to solve the institutional and democratic way, even when he finds the office door closed, even by officials when a problem exists as insoluble. An individual should not be equated with the passivity that is generally characterized by officials, but must use every means to protect the right and dignity. Methodology: First, quantitative analysis was used to see why the number of citizens dissatisfied with the exercise of their rights is increasing. Secondly, qualitative analysis was used by analyzing the social and objective causes that lead to a lack of legal education of the public. Expected results: the consequent link between the lack of information on the law and non-exercise of the right. This scientific paper seeks to give concretely what are some of the strategies that should be used to have a well-informed public and satisfied with the exercise of law.
In the framework of the constitutional justice reform of year 2016, “Constitutional reform in Albania of year 2016 determined fundamental amendments by improving justice system.” (Balla, 2017, p. 368), there are undertaken to be improved important justice laws. Therefore, fundamental amendments are made on the Criminal Proceedings Code (CPC) on year 2017. These amendments consisted in general and specially to enable the implementation of government policy, for the establishment of new institutions and the strengthening of existing ones, in the fight against corruption and the consolidation of the justice system. At the same time, the amendments aim to address the most obvious issues and problems encountered in practice. Correspondingly, the constitutional amendments and the adoption of other laws, necessary to implement them, brought the need to unify and harmonize these amendments in the CPC. In particular, the new regulations aim to determine the prosecutor's independence in the criminal proceedings, the establishment of the Special Prosecution Office, the jurisdiction of the High Court and the change in the subject matter jurisdiction of the Court of Corruption and Organized Crime. Through this paper it is addressed the treatment of new standards and institutes that are regulated in the CPC. How do they stand compared to European standards such as the jurisprudence of the ECtHR and international law, as well as the jurisprudence of International Criminal Court (ICC). The paper aims to address issues related to the rights of defendants, the legal position of the victims and especially the treatment of the most favorable legal status of protected witnesses and collaborators of justice.
