Adverse reactions to food represent a growing public health concern worldwide, encompassing a heterogeneous spectrum of conditions ranging from non- immune-mediated food intolerances to potentially life-threatening IgE-mediated allergic responses. This review provides a comprehensive and mechanistically oriented analysis of the principal categories of food intolerance including lactose intolerance, fructose malabsorption, and non-celiac gluten sensitivity alongside the immunological pathways underpinning celiac disease and IgE-mediated food allergies. Particular attention is given to the biochemical basis of allergenicity, the role of food processing in modifying allergenic potential, and the clinical spectrum from localized oral allergy syndrome to systemic anaphylaxis. The review also examines the epidemiology of the major regulated allergens under EU Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011, summarizes current diagnostic approaches including skin prick testing, specific IgE assays, and double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFC), and discusses emerging immunotherapeutic strategies such as oral immunotherapy (OIT) and epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT). Finally, the review addresses the practical implications of cross-reactivity phenomena, including latex-fruit syndrome and pollen-food allergy syndrome, for clinical management and dietary counselling.
Investigate the effect of peptidoglycan of L delbrueckii cell wall on the specific immunoprophylaxis of PED An experimental and control group of sows with 10 heads each The sows of the experimental group at 60, 75 and 90 days of gestating were administered GMPP at a dose of 0 05 mg GMPP per 1 kg of weight The sows of the control and experimental groups were immunized with autogenous inactivated vaccine against PEDV at 90 and 100 days of gestation To determine specific IgG in sows and piglets born from them, blood samples were taken at 1, 5 and 10 days after farrowing and days of life respectively The application of the GMPP preparation to sows under immunization against PED contribute to increases the seroconversion of IgG by 42% and their homogeneity by 17%, as well as contributes to the development of specific colostral immunity higher by 33% which is stored in more than 70% of the animals during the first 10 days of life in comparison to the control group Application of the GMPP preparation contributes to increase the level of antigen specific IgG in the blood of sows and provides the development of higher levels of colostral immunity in piglets
leakages and related complications. Therefore, today the question of choosing the type of esophagogastroanastomosis (EGA) is one of the most urgent and complex for surgeons. The most frequent complication of esophagectomy with esophagogastroplasty in the postoperative period is the formation of benign strictures, which varies within 10-40% or even more (Zhou et al 2015, Chen 2014, Tanaka et al 2018), which is eliminated by endoscopic methods (drilling, balloon dilation or combinations thereof). A significant variation is due to the fact that the diagnosis of anastomosis stricture is often based on the symptoms of subjective dysphagia (Chen 2014). The second most common complication of esophagectomy is leakage of thoracic anastomosis, which occurs in 5% to 14,3% of cases (Finley, 2014, Kassis et al 2013, Klevebro et al 2019, Low et al 2019, Manghelli et al 2019, Zhang et al 2018), and in some centers it reaches 30-44% (Segura et al 2018, Flanagan et al 2015, Verstegen et al 2019) and mortality rates for the 30th and 90th days range from 2.4% and 4.5% to 9.8% and 16.7% respectively (Low et al 2019; Manghelli et al 2019). The causes of leakage may be marginal or larger esophageal necrosis stump Introduction The ideology of modern esophageal cancer surgery is based on the principles of achieving minimal invasiveness and radicalism (Tanaka et al 2018). However, resection of the esophagus is still a highly invasive procedure and is accompanied by high mortality and postoperative complications (Klevebro et al 2019, Lindner et al 2014, Rasmussen et al 2018, Takeuchi et al 2014). The desire to minimize the number of postoperative complications of surgical interventions for esophageal cancer stimulates scientific research aimed at improving the consequences of surgical intervention, including those associated with anastomosis (Kikuchi & Takeuchi 2018). Because the frequency of emerging postoperative complications and the rate of mortality directly depends on how well the created gastro-esophageal anastomosis is stable. It is known that the type of anastomosis is the most important factor in the occurrence of anastomosis leakage and benign strictures (Sokouti et al 2013, Chen 2014). As Maas et al (2012) notes with the singing the creation of safe anastomosis after a successful resection of the esophagus is essential to reduce the risk of anastomosis Abstract. Objective: The aim of this study is to present a new technique for the formation of a mechanical invagination esophagogastroanastomosis and to experimentally provide a comparative assessment of the physical tightness of the seams compared with the mechanical circular esophagogastroanastomosis end to side. Materials and methods: The study was carried out on 20 (10 in each group) of isolated non-fixed gastrointestinal organ-complexes of 10-month old white domestic pigs with an average weight of 150 kg. The physical tightness of the seams of the esophagogastroanastomosis under investigation was determined by the method of pneumocompression. For the presentation of quantitative data, the mean value of the indicator ( ) and standard deviation (±SD) were calculated. To check the law of the distribution of values for normality, the Shapiro–Wilk criterion was used, to compare the average values of the index in two groups, the Student criterion was used. To assess the magnitude of the difference, a 95% confidence interval of the indicator was calculated (95% CI). Results: It was established that the pressure at the time of loss of tightness of mechanical invagination esophagogastroanastomosis was on average 99.3 ± 3.0 mm Hg, which is 26 mm Hg higher (p<0.001) than the pressure at the time of loss of tightness of mechanical circular esophagogastroanastomosis end to side. Conclusion: The data obtained suggest that the mechanical invagination esophagogastroanastomosis proposed by us has the characteristics of high and sufficient tightness of the sutures to prevent anastomotic leak and can be applied in the clinic.
1Sameh Abuseir, 2Uschi Nagel-Kohl, 3Christina Strube 1Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, West Bank, Palestine. 2Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Veterinary Institute, Hanover, Germany. 3Institute for Parasitology, Center for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany.
the research made in this area, the exact mechanism of natriuretic peptide suppression in obese patients with heart failure is still unknown. A plausible explanation is the attenuation of natriuretic peptides synthesis or secretion in patients with obesity due to a reduced cardiac distensibility (Gruden et al 2014; Madamanchi et al 2014). The existing link between obesity and heart failure is at least partially explained by the secretion of various adipokines. Adipokines are cytokines released by the adipose tissue that have various physiological effects. There are over 50 adipocytokines which have been described, some of which are produced almost exclusively by adipocytes. One of them is leptin, a peptide hormone consisting of 167 amino acids. Leptin levels are elevated in obesity, but they are also influenced by cardiac diseases (Jong et al 2018). Although leptin is mainly expressed in white adipose tissue, it was also found in the heart (Hall et al 2015). There still are controversies regarding Introduction Obesity has reached pandemic proportions worldwide and is a common finding in people with heart failure. The risk of heart failure increases by 5 % in men and 7 % in women for every 1 kg/m2 increment in body mass index (BMI) (Mathew et al 2008). Natriuretic peptides are cardiac hormones secreted at the atrial or ventricular level due to myocardial parietal stress, known as important tools in the diagnosis, prognosis and management of heart failure. The physiological effects of the BNP are vasodilatation, enhancement of natriuresis and diuresis and reninangiotensin-aldosterone system suppression (Wirth et al 2014). NT-proBNP levels are influenced by age, renal function, atrial fibrillation, arterial hypertension and other cardiac or non-cardiac conditions which can weaken their diagnostic and prognostic value. There is now overwhelming evidence that obesity is associated with lower levels of B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP) in patients with CHF (Ponikowski et al 2016). But, despite all Abstract. Introduction and scope. Leptin, an important citokine secreted in the adipose tissue, known for its central role in regulation of appetite and body weight, represents an important hormone for the cardiovascular pathology. There are investigators showing leptin’s deleterious effects on the cardiac function, by increasing blood pressure and oxidative stress, but also there are alternative hypotheses regarding leptin’s protective effects in heart failure patients are found in the literature. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible relationship between leptin secretion and NT-proBNP levels in obese heart failure population, stratified by the presence of atrial fibrillation. Material and methods. We recruited 88 patients with overweight or obesity hospitalised in Rehabilitation Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Cluj-Napoca in 2016– 2018 for worsening heart failure. Blood samples for laboratory assessments were obtained from the patients on the day of the arrival. Leptin was measured using the ELISA method (Human Leptin BioVendor kit). NT-proBNP was measured using the chemiluminescence method. Patients were stratified by the presence of atrial fibrillation into two groups. Results.The mean age was 69 ± 9 years and 51% were females. Median BMI was 36 (27–48) kg/m2. Among the patients included in the study, 46 patients (52%) had atrial fibrillation. The most common aetiology of heart failure in our patients was ischaemic. NT-proBNP median value was 1342 pg/mL (923-3076 pg/mL). NT-proBNP levels were not significantly influenced by the presence of atrial fibrillation 1579 pg/mL (963-3600 pg/mL) vs. 1120 pg/mL ( 893-2700 pg/mL) with a P = 0.1, diabetes mellitus or age in heart failure patients. An inverse relationship was found between NT-proBNP values and creatinine clearance estimated by Cockcroft-Gault equation. Also, NT-proBNP values negatively correlated with BMI.Median serum leptin levels were 25 ng/mL (10-41 ng/ mL). Leptin median levels were not significantly different in patients with atrial fibrillation 26 (12.9-44.2 ng/mL) in comparison with patients in sinus rhythm 24 (6.5-39.6 ng/mL) – P=0.68. NT-proBNP levels did not significantly vary with leptin serum levels (correlation (Spearman R) = -0.101, p=0.35), regardless of the presence of atrial fibrillation. Conclusion. NT-proBNP levels were significantly lower in patients with higher BMI. More advanced renal impairment correlated with higher NT-proBNP levels. Leptin levels directly correlated with BMI. Leptin levels were not influenced by sex, age, left ventricle ejection fraction. We found no significant association between leptin levels and NT-proBNP values in obese heart failure patients with or without atrial fibrillation.
1Corina Vornicescu, 2Carmen S. Melincovici, 3Olga Sorițău, 1Simona C. Șenilă, 2Carmen M. Mihu 1 Department of Dermatology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; 2 Department of Histology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; 3 Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Radiobiology, “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
