Flood-risk governance in remote subdistricts is not only an emergency-response problem; it is an institutional collective-action problem involving interdependent tasks, divided authority, unequal resources, and changing coordination requirements across disaster phases. This theory-focused narrative review reconstructs the Institutional Collective Action (ICA) Framework and translates it for a subdistrict-scale governance arena, using Sembakung Atulai in North Kalimantan, Indonesia, as a documented contextual anchor rather than an empirically evaluated case. Six Scopus search runs yielded 464 raw records; after deduplication and screening, 45 accessible full texts were assessed and 43 peer reviewed journal articles were included in a qualitative-interpretive synthesis. The review identifies ICA's core account of fragmented authority, collaboration risks, transaction costs, integration mechanisms, social embeddedness, and institutional feedback, while retaining boundaries concerning rationality, power, effectiveness, legitimacy, context, and temporal change. The synthesis produces a six-domain Theory-to-Practice Translation Framework: interdependence and actor architecture; differentiated collaboration-risk diagnosis; a fit-for-purpose integration-mechanism portfolio; relational capacity, commitment, and network resilience; phase-sensitive adaptation and institutional learning; and democratic anchorage and contextual legitimacy. Its original contribution is the integration of these established constructs into an actor-aware, phase-sensitive administrative sequence that distinguishes core ICA mechanisms from disaster-governance translation safeguards. The framework offers diagnostic questions and design options but requires legal-institutional and empirical validation before local application.
Rural and remote school systems face persistent difficulty distributing and retaining qualified teachers, yet the knowledge base remains dispersed across education policy, labor-market, and organizational research. This study maps the development, social structure, conceptual organization, and intellectual foundations of rural and remote teacher-workforce research and interprets their implications for public-service workforce governance. The systematically screened corpus comprised 478 Scopus-indexed articles and reviews published between 1957 and 2026 and retrieved on 4 August 2026. Performance analysis and thematic evolution were conducted with bibliometrix/Biblioshiny, while network mapping used VOSviewer 1.6.21. Publication output accelerated after 2019, which accounted for 70.3% of the corpus, but international co-authorship remained limited at 10.67%. The final author-keyword map contained 38 terms in six clusters, while title-abstract analysis retained 43 terms in five clusters. Both converged on distribution, shortages, recruitment, turnover, attrition, incentives, leadership, professional development, and equity. The recurrent co-authorship network was small, whereas co-citation analysis revealed a shared intellectual base centered on organizational and labor-market explanations of workforce instability. The thematic shift from recruitment toward distribution and from equity toward retention indicates that rural staffing is increasingly understood as a connected governance cycle. The study proposes an integrated framework linking workforce intelligence, preparation, allocation, workplace support, mobility, and retention, with equity as a cross-cutting outcome.
Citizen-facing public services can require people to discover eligibility and procedures, assemble documents, travel or wait, navigate digital channels, and manage uncertainty or stigma. These demands are particularly consequential in geographically extensive or remote subdistrict settings, where access conditions and administrative capacity may intensify citizen–state interaction costs. This conceptual review reconstructs Administrative Burden Theory and translates it into a practice-oriented framework for citizen-centred administration. A Theory-Focused Narrative Literature Review with a Theory-to-Practice orientation was conducted using Scopus as the sole bibliographic database. Five documented search runs yielded a final analytical corpus of 26 eligible peer-reviewed journal articles, all verified in full text. The synthesis confirms learning, compliance, and psychological costs as the theory’s diagnostic core, while later applications identify frontline interaction, digital task transfer, administrative capacity, cross-agency coordination, burden distribution, and state reflexivity as important conditioning mechanisms. These findings are organized into six domains: navigational clarity and assisted access; procedural simplicity and documentary continuity; respectful frontline interaction and human assistance; inclusive digital and multichannel service design; administrative capacity and cross-agency coordination; and equitable, proportionate, and reflexive burden governance. The review contributes a source-traceable conceptual and translational framework linking theory mechanisms to diagnostic questions, conditional design options, implementation conditions, risks, and monitoring needs. The framework supports structured inquiry for Kecamatan Sebuku and comparable settings but does not establish local burden prevalence, causal effects, or intervention effectiveness without local empirical evidence
This paper explores the integration of environmental governance and social policy through the emerging paradigm of eco-social welfare. As global societies confront escalating socio-ecological crises driven by climate change, resource inequality, and environmental degradation, welfare systems that depend on economic growth are increasingly unsustainable. This study synthesizes the concepts of eco-welfare, sustainable welfare, and energy citizenship to construct a conceptual framework for adaptive policy transformation. Employing a qualitative synthesis and comparative policy analysis, it highlights the interdependence between environmental sustainability and social justice, arguing that effective welfare reform must integrate decarbonization, pre-distribution, and participatory governance. Using Indonesia’s energy transition as a contextual case, particularly the persistence of energy poverty in eastern provinces such as Nusa Tenggara Timur, the research situates eco-social welfare as both a theoretical advancement and a practical policy direction. The resulting Eco-Social Governance Framework connects welfare systems, citizen participation, and ecological limits within a unified adaptive policy model. The study concludes that eco-social governance offers a strategic pathway for sustainable welfare transformation in the Anthropocene, enabling developing economies to pursue inclusive growth, climate resilience, and social equity within planetary boundaries.
In March 2011, Japan suffered enormous damage from the magnitude 9 Great East Japan Earthquake and the nuclear accident. Among the residents affected by the disaster, there are concerns about the loneliness and fatigue of those who evacuated to other prefectures in wide areas. The purpose of this study is to clarify the difficulties faced by residents who continue to live outside their prefecture and the efforts and support they need to overcome these difficulties. Following the disaster, interviews were conducted with eight individuals who had relocated outside their home prefectures and were living in evacuation shelters. The results revealed that the primary reasons for choosing to evacuate outside their home prefectures were the inability to return to their pre-disaster homes because of the nuclear accident and concerns about radiation exposure. The difficulties of living outside the prefecture were identified as four factors: changes in living environment, loneliness from being away from home, prejudice and discrimination against evacuees, and health issues. In overcoming these adversities, the following four factors provided support: sharing feelings with family and friends, taking initiative to improve the situation, confronting discrimination and prejudice head-on, and maintaining connections with the local community and friends from before the disaster. Future challenges include collaboration and cooperation among local governments and other entities to provide emotional support and appropriate information dissemination to disaster victims, with consideration for their reconstruction of life and health management, as well as the maintenance of long-term support systems.
Inclusive public services for persons with intellectual disabilities still face various challenges, including social stigma, low public literacy, and limited access to information and social participation. In response to these problems, the Technical Implementation Unit for Social Rehabilitation of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities (UPT RSBG) Tuban developed the DAYA DINAKARA public service innovation (Support and Services for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities to Become Independent and Productive), which integrates digital approaches and social empowerment. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the DAYA DINAKARA Program in realizing inclusive public services for persons with intellectual disabilities. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and document review. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña model, while the findings were interpreted using Mark H. Moore’s Public Value Theory and Ansell and Gash’s Collaborative Governance framework. The results show that DAYA DINAKARA has successfully created public value by improving public understanding, reducing social stigma, increasing beneficiaries’ independence, and strengthening the social participation of persons with intellectual disabilities. Program success is supported by institutional legitimacy, the use of digital media, family support, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. Nevertheless, the program still faces obstacles, including limited service coverage, the suboptimal development of formal collaborative forums, and the persistence of negative stigma in some communities. Therefore, strengthening institutional capacity, expanding collaborative networks, and optimizing digital media are necessary to improve the sustainability and impact of inclusive public service innovation.
As a very natural and common language phenomenon, conversation interruption appears to disrupt the complete turn-taking structure. However, the use of interruption can also promote the smooth progress of conversations in some special conversation situations. This paper is aimed to analyze the interruption modes adopted by the host in an interview, and ultimately summarize the interruption strategies applied in the interview based on conversation analysis to explore turn design and sequential organization. The corpus of this paper is from a well-known CNN interview program Larry King Special on March 28, 2000. The 40 minutes and 35 seconds interview video was transcribed into a total of 525 turns and 32 interruptions. The analysis indicates that the interruption modes adopted by the host are inquiry, assistance, guidance, and dominance, and the interruption strategies applied in the interview are assuasive, direct, and reminder interruption, and also proper timing. In addition, through this study, it is expected to contribute from a linguistic perspective to effectively enhancing the effectiveness of such interview programs.
This study evaluates the effectiveness of vocational training programs for homeless persons and beggars at the UPT Rehabilitasi Sosial Bina Karya Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia, through a public policy perspective. Drawing on Edi Sutrisno’s (2007) effectiveness indicators—comprising program comprehension, targeting accuracy, time management, goal attainment, and visible behavioral change—the research employs a qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with nine key subjects (social rehabilitation staff, social workers, and skills instructors) and four beneficiary informants, and documentary analysis. The findings reveal that the program has not yet reached an effective level of implementation. Key inhibiting factors include mismatches between beneficiaries’ backgrounds and available skill tracks, outdated program design, low intrinsic motivation among clients, and limited post-rehabilitation follow-up. Supporting factors include the availability of qualified instructors, adequate facilities and infrastructure, and a generally high willingness among beneficiaries to participate in activities. The study concludes that a policy redesign is necessary, incorporating needs-based program planning, enhanced motivational interventions, updated curriculum content aligned with current labor market demands, and strengthened inter-agency collaboration. These findings contribute to public policy discourse on social welfare program evaluation and offer practical recommendations for government rehabilitation institutions.
This study examines the performance of Public Information and Documentation Management Officers (PPID) in electoral information services at the Gorontalo City Election Commission following the 2024 simultaneous elections. The study responds to the need to ensure transparent, accessible, and responsive public information services in local electoral institutions, particularly after a high-intensity electoral period that increased public demand for accurate election-related information. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation study, and analyzed through four dimensions of public service performance: effectiveness, efficiency, service quality, and responsiveness. The findings show that PPID performance was generally adequate. In terms of effectiveness, services were supported by a front office, digital applications, and dashboards, and the information provided was largely relevant to applicants’ requests, although more structured explanations and presentation were still required. In terms of efficiency, the use of softcopy documents, free-of-charge services, WhatsApp, e-PPID, and task distribution helped reduce service costs and time, but the disposition flow and internal coordination needed strengthening. Service quality was supported by the “KPU Melayani” principle, service declarations, standard operating procedures, suggestion boxes, and community satisfaction surveys; however, improvements were needed in clarity, completeness, accuracy, and comprehensibility of information. Responsiveness was reflected in direct services, email, WhatsApp, inter-subdivision coordination, objection mechanisms, and public consultation forums, although follow-up speed and digital channel optimization remained limited. The study concludes that strengthening coordination, information structuring, and digital service management is essential to improve electoral information transparency.
This study explores the relationship between teacher preparedness and Teaching Self-Efficacy (TSE) among 413 teachers (284 pre-service, 129 in-service) at a university in Huaibei, China. Using exploratory factor analysis and hierarchical regression analysis, the study found that teacher preparedness, particularly in teacher-student relationships, is a strong predictor of both TSE and Teaching Self-Efficacy for Equity (TSEE). Mastery-oriented classroom structures also positively influence TSE, though they do not mediate the effects of preparedness. In-service teachers demonstrated significantly higher preparedness in relational competencies. These findings underscore the importance of prioritizing relational pedagogy and mastery-focused instructional strategies in teacher education programs. Longitudinal research is recommended to further examine the development of TSE over time.
Creativity, widely recognized as one of the most critical 21st-century skills indispensable for navigating uncertainty and complexity, is vital to nurture within higher education systems in developing countries like Indonesia to equip students with the skills needed to thrive in future work environments. This study examines the understanding of creativity definition among Science Pre-Service Teachers (SPST) in Indonesia and explores the challenges they encounter in developing creative skills during their higher education. The research used an online questionnaire to collect data on SPST’s understanding of creativity, their engagement in creative tasks, and the obstacles they faced. The findings reveal that while a significant number of students have yet to produce creative works, those who have done so acknowledge the substantial value of creativity in their tasks. Key barriers to creativity include insufficient resources, limited practical experience, and difficulties in generating innovative ideas. Additionally, students emphasized the importance of a supportive learning environment, collaborative opportunities, and adequate facilities as essential for fostering creativity. The results highlight the urgent need for educational interventions that promote creativity, equipping SPST with the necessary tools and opportunities to enhance their creative abilities. This study contributes to the broader understanding of how creativity can be effectively integrated into science education, preparing future educators to address the challenges of the 21st century.
The Secretariat of the Regional People’s Representative Council (DPRD) is an inseparable component of the structure of regional government, both at the provincial and the regency/city level, and is closely related to the performance of the DPRD. Nevertheless, many parties still do not fully understand the role and function of the DPRD Secretariat in its daily activities. This study evaluates the role of the East Java Provincial DPRD Secretariat in supporting the administration of the DPRD functions through the lens of public policy implementation theory. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, with the research conducted at the Office of the East Java Provincial DPRD Secretariat. Informants comprised DPRD members, officials, and staff within the East Java Provincial DPRD environment, consisting of four key informants and six main informants. Data were gathered through documentation and in-depth interviews and analyzed using triangulation by matching interview data, observations, and supporting documents. The findings indicate that, in implementing the representative function of the Provincial DPRD, the role of the Secretariat—particularly the staff—remains largely confined to facilitating completeness requirements that support the three functions of the DPRD: legislation, budgeting, and oversight. The DPRD Secretary, drawn from the civil-service (PNS) corps and tasked with serving the Council, has performed a meaningful role that is, however, not yet fully optimal. Although the staff role is essentially facilitative, performance improvement is required to prepare the needs of DPRD members more carefully, especially in support of the legislative function. Viewed against implementation theory, the constraints observed—weak inter-agency coordination, insufficient human resources, excessive specialization, and unclear procedures—correspond to deficiencies in communication, resources, and bureaucratic structure. It is recommended that staff participate more frequently in education and training programs to strengthen competence.
Many researchers recognize that Virtual Reality (VR) can generate new knowledge through immersive experiences that allow users to engage with different perspectives. However, when VR content is designed solely by those in power without including marginalized groups, it can lead to unfair decision-making and misrepresentation. This highlights the importance of focusing on ethics and morals, especially when creating VR content. This study investigates ethical concerns in applying VR technology within the Social Science (SS) field. By interviewing experts from both the VR and SS fields, the research uncovers some ethical concerns when designing VR applications, emphasizing the importance of involving target populations to ensure accurate representation. The findings highlight the potential of VR to foster empathy and understanding while cautioning against the risks of stereotyping. Ultimately, the study advocates for an inclusive and ethically aware approach to VR design, aiming to create meaningful experiences that reflect the complexities of social issues.
This quantitative study investigated the Behavioral Intention (BI) of audiences to view Chinese animations within the context of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Generated Content (AIGC) animation industry, alongside identifying the pivotal determinants exerting a significant influence upon it. The study assessed specific determinants, namely AI Based Screenwriting (ABS), AI Based Design Quality (ABDQ), Broadcast System (BS), Linkage System (LS), Social Influence (SI), and Attitude (ATT), to ascertain whether and in what manner they impacted the target audiences’ behavioral intention. Quantitative surveys were administered to the target audience, and statistical analytical methods were employed to examine 498 valid responses. A stratified random sampling technique was adopted for this investigation. To assess the causal relationships among the factors considered, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were utilized. The statistical analysis revealed that all proposed hypotheses were supported, with Attitude (ATT) exerting the most substantial direct effect on behavioral intention. Every hypothesis was consequently validated, thereby fulfilling the research objectives. It is posited that these findings will offer valuable insights for the advancement of the Chinese animation industry in the era of AIGC.
Public service quality serves as a crucial metric for assessing how well the government meets the needs and expectations of the community. Within public administration, the effectiveness of public services indicates the government's capability to deliver governance that is open, responsible, and focused on the citizens. In Indonesia, one tool for gauging public service effectiveness is the Community Satisfaction Index (Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat/IKM). This research seeks to examine how community satisfaction in public services is measured by identifying various service components and the approach used to compute the IKM. A descriptive qualitative research method is employed, utilizing a literature review. Information was gathered from books, academic journals, government regulations, and other scholarly materials relevant to public service quality and community satisfaction. The results reveal that the IKM measurement system offers a comprehensive framework for assessing the performance of public services based on several aspects, including service requirements, processes, completion time, costs, the skills and conduct of service personnel, and available facilities. Additionally, the findings demonstrate that enhancements in service quality, transparency, and the responsiveness of public organizations greatly affect community satisfaction levels. As a result, ongoing assessments of public services through the IKM framework are vital for improving governance effectiveness, boosting service delivery, and reinforcing public confidence in government agencies.
Background and aim: Japan has experienced numerous earthquakes. However, there is a paucity of research on the impact of earthquakes on children’s mental health. The objective of this study was to elucidate the impact of natural disasters, particularly earthquakes, on children’s mental health, and to assess the optimal provision of psychological support to children in disaster-stricken areas. Methods: A literature study was conducted using the scoping review method for literature published from 2014 to 2024. Results: Natural disasters have been shown to have serious psychological effects on children, causing problems such as anxiety, depression, and aggression. Observations revealed differences in the effects based on age. Symptoms manifested earlier in life for younger children, while introverted problems tended to emerge over time for older children. Conclusions: The psychological effects of disasters on children often manifest over time; therefore, we believe that a long-term, continuous support and monitoring system is necessary, extending beyond the initial response phase after a disaster. Furthermore, given the pivotal role of a regular lifestyle in maintaining mental and physical well-being, it is imperative for adults to recognize its significance and promote regular routines. It was suggested that appropriate interventions by such supporters and the community may promote posttraumatic growth in children. Future initiatives will include the enhancement of pediatric-focused disaster mental health care and the continuation of long-term research.
Death is one of the most profound existential dilemmas encountered in human development. The cognitive understanding of mortality and the artistic expression of emotions related to life and death constitute a critical subject that contemporary society cannot overlook. Based on the philosophical theories of life, this article applies the form of illustration in art education to propose innovative methods and strategies for life-and-death education. By integrating commemorative and abstract sculptures, metaphorical installations, culturally reflective paintings, and interactive card games, our project builds a framework for illustrative design practices and exhibitions centered on mortality. These art forms engage individuals across age groups to confront death, reflect on life’s significance, and cultivate constructive perspectives on existence. The project offers a novel paradigm for embedding illustration in life-and-death education, expanding its conceptual and practical boundaries through practical experimentation.
The rising prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity in China calls for effective intervention strategies, and while parental involvement is recognized as a key modifiable factor in youth weight management, its efficacy when delivered via digital fitness applications remains underexplored. This pilot study therefore, aimed to evaluate the effects of a Parental Involvement Fitness Application (PIFA) compared with an Individual Fitness Application (IFA) on weight loss and physical activity among overweight and obese adolescents. An eight‑week, two‑arm pilot cluster‑randomized controlled trial was conducted in Jiaozuo City, Henan Province, enrolling 28 adolescents aged 12–15 years with a Body Mass Index (BMI) percentile above 85. Participants were randomized at the school level to either the PIFA group (n = 13), who engaged in structured parent‑child co‑exercise through the app, or the IFA group (n = 14), who used the app independently. Primary outcomes were BMI, Waist‑to‑Hip Ratio (WHR), and Physical Activity Level (PAL) measured by the PAQ‑CN questionnaire, and data were analysed using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) with post‑hoc pairwise comparisons. Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. Although time exerted a significant main effect on all three outcomes (p < 0.001), a significant group‑by‑time interaction emerged only for PAL (χ² = 78.051, p < 0.001), favouring the PIFA group. Post‑test PAL scores were significantly higher in the PIFA group than in the IFA group (p < 0.001) with a large effect size (d = 0.78), whereas no between‑group differences were observed for changes in BMI or WHR over time. These findings indicate that an eight‑week intervention using a parental involvement fitness application significantly improves physical activity levels among overweight and obese adolescents compared to individual app use, although it does not lead to short‑term changes in BMI or WHR. The results suggest that digitally mediated parental co‑engagement is a promising strategy for promoting physical activity behaviour in youth and warrants further investigation in larger, longer‑term trials that incorporate dietary components.
Coretax (Core Tax Administration System) is an information technology–based tax administration system developed by the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) of Indonesia. This study examines the implementation of the coretax system as one of the government’s efforts to reduce tax leakage by optimizing the existing tax database. This research employs a qualitative method with a literature-based approach. The findings reveal that the coretax system is indeed necessary to be implemented and developed as the foundation of digital tax reform. However, it is important to note that the success of digitalization depends not only on the quality of the platform, but also on the readiness of human resources, infrastructure, and a supportive environment. Therefore, the implementation of coretax needs to be adapted to the conditions of different regions across Indonesia. It should be introduced gradually and piloted in selected areas, accompanied by extensive dissemination and public education regarding the coretax system through both offline and online channels to ensure that the objectives of system reform can be achieved. Internally, the government must strengthen the digital competencies of state apparatuses, take an active role in auditing, integrating, and mitigating the coretax system, and promote system interoperability. In this way, coretax can become a significant testing ground for Indonesia’s digital sovereignty.
This paper proposes an Activity Management System (AMS) that uses Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms to classify students into different interaction levels in online classrooms. The system captures behavioral features such as time spent online and chat activity to form data-driven student groups. The approach addresses the lack of interaction in virtual learning environments and promotes more equitable and engaging peer collaboration. The system’s effectiveness was validated using real and CTGAN-generated data, showing improvements in interaction compared to random grouping.
